The Relation Between Motor Skills and Performance of Gymnastic Elements on the Floor Routine and the Vault // Relacije motoričkih sposobnosti i uspjeha izvođenja gimnastičkih elemenata na parteru i preskoku

The aim of this research was to establish a relationship between motor skills and performance of gymnastic elements on the floor routine and vault. A battery of 22 motor skills tests was assessed on the sample of 36 male subjects, students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, all of whom took the course “Sport Gymnastics 1”. The subjects were evaluated by an expert commission in the performance of the selected elements on the floor routine (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and back handspring, forward and backward flip) and the vault (squat through on the vault and straddle vault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault). The overall results of the canonical correlation analysis indicated to the evaluation of the applied canonical model on motor tests in relation to the performance of gymnastic elements, to the canonical correlation value of 0.998 with the Chi-Square test value of 320.11, and to statistically significant correlation of used variables on level p .00280. Through further analysis, 10 canonical roots were extracted, out of which only the first one was statistically significant (p .002). Through observation of data on the correlation between motor variables and canonical roots, it can be concluded that the standing triple jump variable and the lying medicine ball throw variable have the highest projection on the canonical factor, and thus are also most significant in conditioning the results achieved. Variables of coordination, figure eight running drill with bending under rope, lateral shuffle, agility on the floor, and agility in the air, all indicate to negative projection on the first isolated canonical factor, as do the two flexibility tests, shoulder and chest opener with rod and standing shoulder extension, pointing to the fact that the subjects with lower degree of those motor skills have also had lower performance of specific gymnastic elements. Regarding the criterion variables, the results show that the front-to-back cartwheel variable had the biggest projection, while the variables side-to-side cartwheel, back handspring, backward flip, squat through on the vault with pre-flight, and roundoff vault had almost the same projection on the first canonical root, indicating the need for greater engagement of motor skills in performing the aforementioned elements.

Relacije motoričkih sposobnosti i tehničko-taktičkih karakteristika stolnotenisača / Relations Between Motor Abilities and Technical and Tactical Characteristics of Table Tennis Players

This study was conducted with aim to determine the relations between motor skills and technical and tactical characteristics of table tennis players. The study was conducted on a sample of 48 of the best seniors with aged 18-36 years old (a representative sample) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose was applied the system of (12) variables to estimate the basic motor skills, and (8) variables for evaluation of technical and tactical characteristics of table tennis players. In order to determine the relations between the basic motor skills and technical and tactical characteristics of table tennis players, the method applied was the method of canonical correlation analysis. Establishing the link between these two areas resulted in the separation of one canonical factor which was statistically significant. The most significant information for extracted canonical component gives the coefficients of the structure and the cross-structure. The coefficients of the structure represent the correlations of the original variables with canonical component derived from a set of variables to which this variable originally belongs, while coefficients of cross- structure provide correlations of adequate source variables with canonical component that was created in other set of variables. Onto the isolated canonical function the most significant influence have the variables of hand tapping, throwing a medicine 1kg ball by forehand, boom in gray, long jump from the place, while also slightly smaller significance show other variables, but from the same subspaces of basic motor abilities. Based on the coefficients of the structure can be summarized that all the technical and tactical characteristics highly correlate with the factor isolated from this area which is logical, because all manifest variables represent one area (technical skills / playing skill). The variables that are related to the attack phase (initiative in points) and elements of game movement (the safety and effectiveness of the attack over the table, safety and efficacy of the first entrance, efficiency of game movement) are significantly associated with canonical factor isolated in the area of motor abilities. These variables describe technical structures in which “imposes” and maintains the initiative in the point, and are the most aggressive attack techniques, and generally seek the largest motor engagement. No surprises then that exactly these variables of technical and tactical structures are significantly associated with the factor isolated in the area of motor abilities are the most important.

Canonical relations between intelligence and aggressiveness

Relation between results obtained from 25 tests for estimation of efficiency of perceptual, serial and parallel processor and 8 tests that estimate different modalities of aggressiveness, were analyzed under the biorthogonal model of canonical correlation analysis, on a sample of 647 male subjects, age between 19 to 27. The results show that there is significant, medium high (0,65), logically negative canonical correlation between cognitive efficiency and aggressiveness. Canonical factor derived from cognitive tests was similar to general cognitive factor because all cognitive tests had substantial correlation with it, whereby correlations of tests of serial processing were systematically higher than correlation of tests of parallel and particularly of perceptual processing. Canonic factor derived from tests of aggressiveness was not similar to invert scaled factor of aggressiveness of second order because tests of basic aggressiveness and impulsiveness that were otherwise dominant salient of general factor of aggressiveness, did not have significant correlation with canonical factor derived from tests of aggressiveness. According to that, it seams that inferior functioning of cognitive and particularly serial processor is connected only to those modalities of aggressiveness where there are also disorders of other conative regulators, especially systems for coordination and control of conative functions, but not with basic aggressiveness. That, basically biological characteristic of system for regulation and control of attack reaction, is not, according to all, in significant correlation with efficiency of cognitive processors.