Using composite measures in police cynicism research: An application of canonical factor regression

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Regoli ◽  
Robert G. Culbertson ◽  
John P. Crank
Keyword(s):  
Composite Measures ◽  
Canonical Factor ◽  
Factor Regression

How government-controlled media shifts policy attitudes through framing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pan ◽  
Zijie Shao ◽  
Yiqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Tv News

Abstract Research shows that government-controlled media is an effective tool for authoritarian regimes to shape public opinion. Does government-controlled media remain effective when it is required to support changes in positions that autocrats take on issues? Existing theories do not provide a clear answer to this question, but we often observe authoritarian governments using government media to frame policies in new ways when significant changes in policy positions are required. By conducting an experiment that exposes respondents to government-controlled media—in the form of TV news segments—on issues where the regime substantially changed its policy positions, we find that by framing the same issue differently, government-controlled media moves respondents to adopt policy positions closer to the ones espoused by the regime regardless of individual predisposition. This result holds for domestic and foreign policy issues, for direct and composite measures of attitudes, and persists up to 48 hours after exposure.

scholarly journals The effect of sleep-wake intraindividial variability in digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia: A mediation analysis of a large-scale RCT

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie L Vestergaard ◽  
Øystein Vedaa ◽  
Melanie R Simpson ◽  
Patrick Faaland ◽  
Daniel Vethe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Study Objectives Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (dCBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia. However, less is known about mediators of its benefits. The aim of the present study was to test if intraindividual variability in sleep (IIV) was reduced with dCBT-I, and whether any identified reduction was a mediator of dCBT-I on insomnia severity and psychological distress. Methods In a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), 1720 adults with insomnia (dCBT-I = 867; patient education about sleep = 853) completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and sleep diaries, at baseline and 9-week follow-up. Changes in IIV were analysed using linear mixed modelling followed by mediation analyses of ISI, HADS, and IIV in singular sleep metrics and composite measures (Behavioural Indices (BI-Z) and Sleep-disturbance Indices (SI-Z)). Results dCBT-I was associated with reduced IIV across all singular sleep metrics, with the largest between-group effect sizes observed for sleep onset latency (SOL). Reduced IIV for SOL and wake after sleep onset had the overall greatest singular mediating effect. For composite measures, SI-Z mediated change in ISI (b = -0.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -1.04 to -0.52; 13.3%) and HADS (b = -0.40; 95% CI -0.73 to -0.18; 29.2%), whilst BI-Z mediated minor changes. Conclusion Reductions in IIV in key sleep metrics mediate significant changes in insomnia severity and especially psychological distress when using dCBT-I. These findings offer important evidence regarding the therapeutic action of dCBT-I and may guide the future development of this intervention.

FRI0138 THE IMPACT OF UPADACITINIB VERSUS METHOTREXATE OR ADALIMUMAB ON INDIVIDUAL AND COMPOSITE DISEASE MEASURES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 651.1-652
Author(s):  
R. Van Vollenhoven ◽  
A. Ostor ◽  
E. Mysler ◽  
N. Damjanov ◽  
I. H. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Background:In Phase 3 trials, upadacitinib (UPA), an oral JAK1-selective inhibitor, has been assessed as monotherapy vs MTX (SELECT-EARLY1) and in combination with MTX vs adalimumab + MTX (ADA; SELECT-COMPARE2) in RA pts who were MTX naïve or with inadequate responses to MTX (MTX-IR), respectively.Objectives:In this analysis we assessed individual and composite measures of disease activity in SELECT-EARLY and SELECT-COMPARE.Methods:In SELECT-EARLY, MTX-naïve pts received UPA 15 mg or 30 mg monotherapy once daily (QD), or MTX monotherapy, for 12 wks. In SELECT-COMPARE, MTX-IR pts on stable background MTX received UPA 15 mg QD, PBO, or ADA 40 mg every 2 wks for 12 wks. For this analysis, responses at Wk 12 were defined as ≥50% improvement in the 7 components of the ACR response criteria. Among ACR50 responders, the proportions of pts with ≥50% improvement in all 7 components of the ACR criteria was assessed. The proportion of pts achieving TJC68=0 and SJC66=0 was also determined. All analyses were based on observed data without imputation.Results:947 pts were randomized in SELECT-EARLY, and 1629 pts in SELECT-COMPARE. Mean time since RA diagnosis was 2.7 years in SELECT-EARLY (median 6 months) and 8.2 years in SELECT-COMPARE; mean DAS28(CRP) was 5.9 and 5.8, respectively. In SELECT-EARLY, significantly more MTX-naïve pts receiving UPA 15 mg or 30 mg monotherapy achieved ≥50% improvements in all ACR components at Wk 12 compared with MTX (Figure 1a,Figure 1b). In SELECT-COMPARE, significantly more MTX-IR pts on UPA 15 mg + MTX achieved ≥50% improvement in the ACR components vs PBO (all components) and ADA + MTX (all components except SJC and PhGA). Among pts with ACR50 responses at Wk 12, approximately half of the MTX-naïve pts on UPA 15 mg and 30 mg in SELECT-EARLY had ≥50% improvements in all 5 remaining ACR components (pain, PtGA, PhGA, HAQ-DI, hsCRP) compared with 28% with MTX. Corresponding proportions in MTX-IR pts in SELECT-COMPARE were 34% for UPA 15 mg + MTX, 28% for ADA + MTX, and 17% for PBO. UPA treatment also significantly increased the proportions of pts achieving both TJC68=0 and SJC66=0 vs PBO or MTX, and SJC66=0 vs ADA + MTX (Figure 1a,Figure 1b).Conclusion:In MTX-naïve and MTX-IR pts, treatment responses at 12 wks occurred in significantly higher proportions of pts receiving UPA monotherapy vs MTX and UPA + MTX vs PBO for all 7 components of the ACR response criteria, and for 5 of 7 ACR components for UPA + MTX vs ADA + MTX. Favorable outcomes with UPA treatment were evident both in composite and individual parameters.References:[1]van Vollenhoven R, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018;70(Suppl. 10): Abstract 891[2]Fleischmann R, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018;70(Suppl. 10): Abstract 890Disclosure of Interests:Ronald van Vollenhoven Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Arthrogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Andrew Ostor Consultant of: MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, Abbvie, Novartis, Roche, Gilead and BMS, Speakers bureau: MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, Abbvie, Novartis, Roche, Gilead and BMS, Eduardo Mysler Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, Sanofi, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, Sanofi, and Pfizer, Nemanja Damjanov Grant/research support from: from AbbVie, Pfizer, and Roche, Consultant of: AbbVie, Gedeon Richter, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Gedeon Richter, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche, In-Ho Song Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Yanna Song Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Jessica Suboticki Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Vibeke Strand Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America, Crescendo Bioscience, Eli Lilly, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, UCB

scholarly journals Measuring the health of populations: explaining composite indicators

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hyder ◽  
Prasanthi Puvanachandra ◽  
Richard H. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Value Choices ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Indicators that summarise the health status of a population and that provide comparable measures of a population disease burden are increasingly vital tools for health policy decision making. Decisions concerning health systems across the world are greatly affected by changes in disease profiles and population dynamics, and must develop the capacity to respond to such changes effectively within the resources of each nation. Decisions must be based on evidence of the patterns of diseases, their risk factors and the effectiveness of alternative interventions. This paper focuses on the main approaches used for developing summary measures that include mortality and morbidity occurring in a population. It discusses the rationale for composite measures and reviews the origins of each main approach. The paper also examines methodological differences among these approaches making explicit the value choices that each entails, outlines the advantages and limitations of each measure, and shows how they relate to one another.

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