scholarly journals Effects of prolonged exposure to the sun on body water turnover and volume of the blood in swamp Buffaloes

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chaiyabutr ◽  
C. Buranakarl ◽  
P. Loypetjra ◽  
S. Chanpongsang
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes

Sun Load Analysis and Testing on Automotive Front Lighting Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Emre Öztürk ◽  
Mehmet Aktaş ◽  
Tunç Şenyüz
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Automotive Lighting ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Load Simulation

The purpose of this research is to reach good correlation between sun load simulation and solar focusing test for exterior automotive lighting products. Light coming from sun is highly collimated (parallel rays) and focusable from lenses with concave structure. Focusing incidence leads to a hot spot on lens surrounding plastic parts which may cause melting failures at high temperature zones. Sun load simulation is performing to eliminate risk of discoloration, deformation, out gassing, coating failures and fire with prolonged exposure from field. Irradiance values in W/m2 defined in simulation as heat source depending of an angle of incidence of the sun radiation. At first step, simulation is performing with 5 degree intervals to define the critical zones then intervals decreased to 2 degree to detect the critical azimuth and inclination angles. Critical azimuth and inclination angles is checking with ray trace analysis to check the bouncing of sun rays and possible solution to eliminate focuses with design solutions. After numerical analysis to release and validate the automotive lighting products regarding the sun load test, measurement with first parts is necessary. Measurement is performing for all critical angles which have been detected at simulation with thermal camera under ultra high-collimation solar simulator. Measured temperatures are settled according to environment conditions and correlation is checking with simulations.

Seasonal Water Turnover Rates and Body Water Volumes in Desert Chukars

The Condor ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip U. Alkon ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Water Volumes

Field metabolic rate and body water turnover of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia

Mammal Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY K. WINSTANLEY ◽  
WILLIAM A. BUTTEMER ◽  
GLEN SAUNDERS
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: Public Health Concerns

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Rivers ◽  
Beatrice Wang ◽  
Danielle Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

The North American public maintains an attitude that equates the acquisition of a suntan with health. However, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to sunburn, premature skin aging, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. Misconceptions about the risks of tanning beds and the effectiveness of sunscreens are common. The public must be better informed about the importance of and the need for effective sun protection by means of clothing and hats, the proper use of sunscreen, and the avoidance of prolonged sun exposure during the time of maximal solar insolation.

Water content and water turnover in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mean

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Hereford and Hereford x Shorthorn), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were either maintained on pasture, or yarded and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Tritiated water was injected into the animals on five occasions at intervals of 3 months. The body water content and the water turnover rate were calculated, and some of the sources of variation defined. Observed differences in the water content are attributable to nutritional factors rather than to breed differences. The mean body water content ranged from 615 to 809 ml/kg fasting body weight, where the higher values were associated with a poor diet. The mean half-life of tritiated water was lower in summer (as low as 58 hr) than in winter (up to 128 hr) in grazing and well-fed yarded steers. On a poor diet, however, the half-life in yarded cattle remained high and almost constant throughout the year, dropping to below 100 hr on only a single occasion. Occasionally the half-life was breed dependent, but generally no significant differences between breeds could be found. While mean turnover rates of up to 7.1 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in better-fed cattle in summer, the value in poorly fed animals was almost constant throughout the year at about 3.3 ml kg-1 hr-1. There was, however, a winter minimum in the well-fed yarded and grazing groups. The turnover rate was also influenced by breed only to a limited extent. The results are interpreted in the light of their possible significance in the adaptation to a tropical environment, and in relation to their value in predicting the body composition.

The estimation of milk intake and growth of beef calves in the field by using tritiated water

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Yates ◽  
WV Macfarlane ◽  
R Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Significant Difference

The growth of Hereford, Friesian x Hereford, and Friesian x Shorthorn calves was studied under grazing conditions in the south-east of South Australia during the autumn period of minimal dry pasture. Measurements of body water content, water turnover, and body weight changes of calves were undertaken during an 8-week period after calving in February 1968. From these measurements, estimates were made of liveweight gain and the yield of body solids per unit of water turnover (milk intake). The subsequent development of the calves was also measured. The average birth weights of the three groups were not significantly different. The 8-week total of water intake (milk) was 405 � 14.3 1. in Shorthorn cross calves, 279 � 18.0 1. for Hereford cross, and 263 � 14.3 1. among the Herefords. Over the first 8 weeks body weight gain (g/24 hr) was highest in the Shorthorn cross calves and their body solids gain was 63 % greater than that of the Hereford cross calves but only 29 % greater than that of the Hereford calves. Water turnover (1.124 hr) of the Shorthorn cross calves was 45 % greater than that of the Hereford cross calves and 54% greater than that of the Hereford calves over the 8-week period. There was no significant difference between the three groups in body weight or solids gain per unit of milk intake (g/l), though the average conversion of milk to solids by Herefords was greater than that of the other breeds. The Shorthorn cows weighed less than the other groups after calving and their average relative and absolute loss of weight during lactation was greatest. The offspring of the Shorthorn cows had the highest water intake expressed as a function of the body weight0.75 of the cows. The water turnover of Shorthorn calves as a function of calf weight0.82 was also greater than that of the other calves. The correlations between body weight gain (g/24 hr) and water turnover (l./24 hr) and between body solids gain (g/24 hr) and water turnover (l./24 hr) were 0.815 (P < 0.001) and 0.632 (P < 0.01) respectively. The correlation between cow body weight loss and calf body weight gain was 0.481 (P < 0.05). A group of nine Friesian x Hereford calves studied for 11 weeks after calving in April 1969 on newly grown winter rainfall pasture 50 km north of Adelaide had both average water turnover (l./24 hr) and body weight gains (g/24 hr) substantially higher than those of any group in the previous year. The efficiency of conversion estimated as body solids gain and body weight gain per unit of water intake was, however, similar to those of the Hereford calves in 1968. The differences between the years are presumed to follow from differences in the amount of pasture available in the dry season, relative to pasture after the rains had come. Average body water content (TOH space) was 801 ml/kg body weight at the beginning of the measurements and gradually fell to 713 ml/kg at 11 weeks.

COMPARATIVE THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF IMPALA (Aepyceros melampus) AND BLESBOK (Damaliscus dorcas)

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
D. R. KLEIN ◽  
N. FAIRALL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

The impala exhibits a narrow temperature tolerance, remains active but seeks shade and rests while standing during high ambient temperatures. The blesbok basks to gain body heat, reduces activity by lying during high ambient temperatures and has a lower rate of body water turnover than the impala. Key words: Blesbok, impala, thermoregulation, daily activity, behavior

Body water turnover in cattle with parasitic gastroenteritis

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman F. Baker ◽  
Arthur L. Black ◽  
Rajan S. Anand ◽  
Robert A. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Body Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Parasitic Gastroenteritis
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