COMPARATIVE THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF IMPALA (Aepyceros melampus) AND BLESBOK (Damaliscus dorcas)

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
D. R. KLEIN ◽  
N. FAIRALL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

The impala exhibits a narrow temperature tolerance, remains active but seeks shade and rests while standing during high ambient temperatures. The blesbok basks to gain body heat, reduces activity by lying during high ambient temperatures and has a lower rate of body water turnover than the impala. Key words: Blesbok, impala, thermoregulation, daily activity, behavior

PROTEIN INTAKE AND WATER TURNOVER: A COMPARISON OF TWO EQUIVALENTLY SIZED AFRICAN ANTELOPE THE BLESBOK Damaliscus dorcas AND IMPALA Aepyceros melampus

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. FAIRALL ◽  
D. R. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

Water turnover in blesbok and impala was studied in the field. Water turnover of the impala was double that of blesbok, this difference was related to crude protein values in the diet. These facts are related to the evolutionary adaptations of the species. Key words: Water turnover, protein intake, impala, blesbok

scholarly journals Heat dissipation in subterranean rodents: the role of body region and social organisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vejmělka ◽  
Jan Okrouhlík ◽  
Matěj Lövy ◽  
Gabriel Šaffa ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Solitary Species

AbstractThe relatively warm and very humid environment of burrows presents a challenge for thermoregulation of its mammalian inhabitants. It was found that African mole-rats dissipate body heat mainly through their venter, and social mole-rats dissipate more body heat compared to solitary species at lower temperatures. In addition, the pattern of the ventral surface temperature was suggested to be homogeneous in social mole-rats compared to a heterogeneous pattern in solitary mole-rats. To investigate this for subterranean rodents generally, we measured the surface temperatures of seven species with different degrees of sociality, phylogeny, and climate using infrared thermography. In all species, heat dissipation occurred mainly through the venter and the feet. Whereas the feet dissipated body heat at higher ambient temperatures and conserved it at lower ambient temperatures, the ventral surface temperature was relatively high in all temperatures indicating that heat dissipation to the environment through this body region is regulated mainly by behavioural means. Solitary species dissipated less heat through their dorsum than social species, and a tendency for this pattern was observed for the venter. The pattern of heterogeneity of surface temperature through the venter was not related to sociality of the various species. Our results demonstrate a general pattern of body heat exchange through the three studied body regions in subterranean rodents. Besides, isolated individuals of social species are less able to defend themselves against low ambient temperatures, which may handicap them if staying alone for a longer period, such as during and after dispersal events.

Flux hydriques et métabolisme énergétique dans un peuplement de Lacertidés des îles Kerkennah (Tunisie)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vernet ◽  
Claude Grenot ◽  
Saïd Nouira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Active Forager

Water flux and daily energy expenditure were measured with doubly labeled water (3HH18O) in two insectivorous sympatric species of Lacertidae of Kerkennah islands (Tunisia), Eremias olivieri (mean body mass: 1.1 g) and Acanthodactylus pardalis (4.5 g) in a semiarid environment. Water turnover and field metabolic rate of Eremias olivieri (174 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 250 J g−1 d−1) were, respectively, 2.5 and 5 times higher than those of Acanthodactylus pardalis (70 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 52 J g−1 d−1). The water turnover of Eremias olivieri is one of the highest known among insectivorous lizards, and the daily energy expenditure of Acanthodactylus pardalis one of the lowest. The most plausible explanations are the differences in the size of the prey eaten by each species at this time of the season and in the duration of daily activity; the daily activity of Acanthodactylus pardalis is short (4.5 h d−1) although it is a sit-and-wait predator, whereas Eremias olivieri is active regularly every day for a longer period (7.5 h d−1) although it is an active forager. The high values of water turnover in Eremias olivieri suggest that food is not the only source of water for lizards in this particular insular environment.

Seasonal Water Turnover Rates and Body Water Volumes in Desert Chukars

The Condor ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip U. Alkon ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Water Volumes

Seasonal variation in the foraging activity of desert argali (Ovis ammon) in Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Rosenbaum ◽  
Richard P. Reading ◽  
Garam Tsogtjargal ◽  
Sukh Amgalanbaatar ◽  
Sebastien Comte
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Time Minimization ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Energy Maximization ◽  
Foraging Pattern ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
Body Heat

Debate remains whether energy maximization or time minimization strategies best explain foraging in ungulates. It has also been hypothesized that the capacity of an animal to dissipate body heat regulates animal activity. We investigated these hypotheses while measuring the daily activity of desert argali (Ovis ammon (Linnaeus,1758)) for 12 months and relating the activity pattern to environmental seasonality. We found significant seasonal cycles in argali activity, with the greatest proportion of daytime in winter spent foraging and the greatest proportion of daytime in summer spent bedding. Consistent with an energy maximization strategy, argali reduced all behaviors during the winter in favor of foraging, compensating for the increased energy demands of winter at a time of low forage quality. Consistent with a time minimization strategy, argali in summer significantly reduced foraging and spent more time bedding in shaded areas to avoid hyperthermia due to high ambient temperatures. Both optimal foraging and heat dissipation can be used to explain the observed foraging pattern. Foraging behavior in argali is best described by the extent to which the animals schedule their activities to meet their physiological demands, the way these demands are affected by environmental variables, and the time that is available to accomplish them.

Ecology of Australian Chats (Epthianura Gould): Aridity, Electrolytes and Water Economy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Williams ◽  
AR Main
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Seasonal Movements ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Degree

The four species of Australian chats differentially occupy semiarid and arid regions where surface water commonly contains high concentrations of electrolytes, especially during the summer. The effects of variations in ambient temperature and salinity of drinking water on nutrition, water and electrolyte balances were compared between three species of chats in a split-plot, factorial design. The homeostatic responses revealed very complex interactions between thermoregulation, nutrition, and balances of electrolytes and water. All species have very low tolerance of electrolytes in the drinking water. Ingested electrolytes are not stored but are rapidly excreted in low concentrations at the expense of body water. Survival of chats in arid regions depends on a high degree of selectivity in avoiding water sources with even moderate concentrations of electrolytes. This avoidance is achieved by nomadism and seasonal movements to areas of recent rainfall, thereby increasing the access to water with low concentrations of electrolytes. The ability of the more xeric species to occupy regions of greater aridity cannot be explained by enhanced abilities to excrete electrolytes in high concentrations. The three species studied excrete electrolytes in similar, low concentrations. The more xeric species possess an advantage in water and electrolyte balances through lower evaporative losses of body water, especially at high ambient temperatures.

Field metabolic rate and body water turnover of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia

Mammal Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY K. WINSTANLEY ◽  
WILLIAM A. BUTTEMER ◽  
GLEN SAUNDERS
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate

scholarly journals Telemonitoring of Daily Activity and Symptom Behavior in Patients with COPD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Tabak ◽  
Miriam M. R. Vollenbroek-Hutten ◽  
Paul D. L. P. M. van der Valk ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Thijs M. Tönis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Activity Behavior

Objectives. This study investigated the activity behavior of patients with COPD in detail compared to asymptomatic controls, and the relationship between subjective and objective activities (awareness), and readiness to change activity behavior.Methods. Thirty-nine patients with COPD (66.0 years; FEV1% predicted: 44.9%) and 21 healthy controls (57.0 years) participated. Objective daily activity was assessed by accelerometry and expressed asamountof activity in counts per minute (cpm). Patients' baseline subjective activity and stage of change were assessed prior to measurements.Results. Mean daily activity in COPD patients was significantly lower compared to the healthy controls ( cpm versus  cpm, ). COPD patients showed a temporary decrease in objective activities in the early afternoon. Objective and subjective activities were significantly moderately related and most patients (55.3%) were in the maintenance phase of the stages of change.Conclusions. COPD patients show a distinctive activity decrease in the early afternoon. COPD patients are moderately aware of their daily activity but regard themselves as physically active. Therefore, future telemedicine interventions might consider creating awareness of an active lifestyle and provide feedback that aims to increase and balance activity levels.

Increased heat loss affects hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. R167-R173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Kauffman ◽  
Matthew J. Paul ◽  
Irving Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Spermophilus Lateralis ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Body Heat

During hibernation at ambient temperatures (Ta) above 0°C, rodents typically maintain body temperature (Tb) ∼1°C above Ta, reduce metabolic rate, and suspend or substantially reduce many physiological functions. We tested the extent to which the presence of an insulative pelage affects hibernation. Tb was recorded telemetrically in golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis) housed at a Ta of 5°C; food intake and body mass were measured at regular intervals throughout the hibernation season and after the terminal arousal. Animals were subjected to complete removal of the dorsal fur or a control procedure after they had been in hibernation for 3–4 wk. Shaved squirrels continued to hibernate with little or no change in minimum Tb, bout duration, duration of periodic normothermic bouts, and food intake during normothermia. Rates of rewarming from torpor were, however, significantly slower in shaved squirrels, and rates of body mass loss were significantly higher, indicating increased depletion of white adipose energy stores. An insulative pelage evidently conserves energy over the course of the hibernation season by decreasing body heat loss and reducing energy expenditure during periodic arousals from torpor and subsequent intervals of normothermia. This prolongs the hibernation season by several weeks, thereby eliminating the debilitating consequences associated with premature emergence from hibernation.

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