scholarly journals Total body water and water turnover rates in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) during the transition from dormancy to activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 (24) ◽  
pp. 4406-4413 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Harden ◽  
K. A. Duernberger ◽  
T. T. Jones ◽  
A. S. Williard
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Diamondback Terrapin ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Malaclemys Terrapin ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Deuterium for Estimating Total Body Water and Turnover Rates in Turkeys Exposed to Different Incubation Treatments

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 2624-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Riek ◽  
M. Gerken ◽  
C. Werner ◽  
A. Gonde
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Total Body

Water turnover and body composition during long-term exposure to high altitude (4,900-7,600 m)

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fusch ◽  
W. Gfrorer ◽  
C. Koch ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
A. Grunert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broad Peak ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Total Body

Thirteen healthy subjects (11 men and 2 women; 30.2 +/- 5.4 yr; 73.5 +/- 10.3 kg; 178.9 +/- 10.4 cm; body mass index, 22.9 +/- 1.6 kg/m2) participated at the 62-day expedition to the Broad Peak (8,047 m), Pakistan. Weight, body water, and water turnover (deuterium dilution and elimination) were measured eight times to assess long-term changes. Body weight fell during the ascent to the base camp [from 73.2 +/- 9.8 (baseline) to 71.7 +/- 9.7 kg; P < 0.05] and decreased until the end of the base camp stay (66.7 +/- 7.2 kg; P < 0.0001). Body compartments changed at different rates. Total body water decreased during the ascent (from 43.1 +/- 7.3 to 41.0 +/- 7.7 liters; P < 0.05) and remained unchanged until the base camp was reached (41.2 +/- 6.9 liters; P < 0.01) but decreased further during the base camp stay (40.6 +/- 5.2 liters). Water content of the body (total body water-to-body weight ratio) fell during the ascent (from 58.6 +/- 3.4 to 55.8 +/- 4.4%; P < 0.01), approached the baseline value during the base camp (57.4 +/- 4.0 and 58.3 +/- 5.1%), and increased again until the end of the base camp (60.6 +/- 3.4 and 60.9 +/- 4.3%). The compartment of the solids increased during the ascent (from 30.2 +/- 3.4 to 32.2 +/- 4.9 kg; P < 0.01) and approached the baseline value on arrival at the base camp (30.5 +/- 4.7 kg). Until the end of the base camp, the compartment of the solids fell (26.9 +/- 2.6 and 26.1 +/- 4.0 kg), indicating that weight loss was due to a loss of body solids, presumably mostly fat mass. Water turnover during the pretest period (sea level) was 45 +/- 7 ml.kg-1.day-1; it increased during the ascent (56 +/- 11 and 60 +/- 10 ml.kg-1.day-1) but remained constant during the base camp stay (63 +/- 12, 58 +/- 9, and 56 +/- 10 ml.kg-1.day-1). It increased during the ascent to Broad Peak (73 +/- 20 ml.kg-1.day-1; P < 0.05) and even more during the descent to civilization (83 +/- 17 ml.kg-1.day-1; P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in total body water; body composition and water turnover in reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje S. Larsen ◽  
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Total Body

<p>Total body water and water turnover were measured at different times throughout the year in 3 captive Norwegian reindeer, using a tritiated water dilution method (Holleman et al. 1982). Total body water (percent of body weight) increased during late autumn and winter, from 59.1 &plusmn; 1.5 % in October to 72.5 &plusmn; 2.0 % in April. Using the equatation by Pace and Rathbun (1945) for predicting total body fat (% fat = 100 - % water/0.732), this increase in total body water indicates a concomitant reduction in body fat, from a maximum value of 18.9 &plusmn; 2.6 % (of body weight) in October to a minimum of 0.9 &plusmn; 2.7 % in April. During summer, on the other hand, fat content increased at the expense of a reduced percentage of body water. Water turnover was low in winter (December - April), ranging between 30.8 &plusmn; 5.2and43.6 &plusmn; 13.5ml.d-'. kg-1, but increased nearly fourfold during summer (June-August) with a maximum of 117.7 &plusmn; 5.9 ml.d-1. kg-1 in August. Positive correlations between water turnover and food intake and between water turnover and ambient temperature were found, the latter probably resulting from an incidental correlation between food intake and ambient temperature.</p><p>Sesongmessige forandringer i totalt kroppsvann, kropps-sammensetning og vannomsetning hos reinsdyr.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Totalt kroppsvann og vannomsetning av vann ble m&aring;lt til forskjellige &aring;rstider i 3 norske reinsdyr ved hjelp av utvasking av tritiert vann (Holleman et al. 1982). Totalt kroppsvann (prosent av kroppsvekt) &oslash;kte utover h&oslash;sten og vinteren, fra 59.1 &plusmn; 1.5 % i oktober til 72.5 &plusmn; 2.0 % i april. Ved hjelp av en ligning som er gitt av Pace og Rathbun (1945) for beregning av totalt kroppsfett (% fett = 100 - % vann/0.732), fant en at denne &oslash;kningen i vanninnhold tilsvarte en samtidig reduksjon i fettinnhold, fra en maksimums-verdi p&aring; 18.9 &plusmn; 2.6 % av kroppsvekt i oktober til et minimum p&aring; 0.9 &plusmn; 2.7 % i april. Utover sommeren &oslash;kte derimot innholdet av fett p&aring; bekostning av vanninnholdet. Omsetningen av vann var lav vinterstid (desember - april), varierende mellom 30.8 &plusmn; 5.2 og 43.6 &plusmn; 13.5 ml.d-1.kg-1, men &oslash;kte nesten fire ganger i l&oslash;pet av sommeren (juni - august) til et maksimum p&aring; 117.7 &plusmn; 5.9 ml.d-1.kg-1 i august. Det ble funnet positive korrelasjoner mellom vannomsetning og forinntak og mellom vannomsetning og omgivelsestemperatur. Sistnevnte korrelasjon kan muligens skyldes en tilfeldig sammenheng mellom forinntak og omgivelsestemperatur.</p><p>Vuodenaikaiset muutokset poron ruumiin kokonaisvesim&aring;&aring;r&aring;ss&aring;, ruumiin koostumuksessa ja vesiaineenvaihdunnassa.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Ruumiin kokonaisvesima&aring;r&aring;&aring; ja vesiaineenvaihduntaa mitattiin eri vuodenaikoina 3 norjalaisella porolla k&aring;ytt&aring;m&aring;ll&aring; apuna tritioitua vetta (Holleman et al. 1982). Ruumiin kokonaisvesim&aring;ar&aring; (prosenttia ruumiinpainosta) lis&aring;antyi syksyll&aring; ja talvella lokakuun 59.1&plusmn;1.5%:sta 72.5&plusmn;2.0%:i huhtikuussa. K&aring;ytt&aring;m&aring;ll&aring; Pacen ja Rathbunin (1945) ruumiin kokonaisrasvapitoisuude laskukaavaa (rasva % = 100 - vesi %/0.732) huomattiin tam&aring;n vesim&aring;&aring;r&aring;n lisa&aring;ntymis johtuvan samanaikaisesta rasvapitoisuuden v&aring;henemisesta. Rasvapitoisuus laski lokakuun maksimiarvosta 18.9&plusmn;2.6% ruumiinpainosta huhtikuun minimiarvoon, joka oli 0.9&plusmn;2.7% ruumiinpainosta. Kes&aring;ll&aring; rasvapitoisuus lis&aring;antyi puolestaan vesipitoisuuden kustannuksella. Talvella j&aring;k&aring;l&aring;ravinnolla (joulu-huhtikuussa) veden kaytto vaihteli v&aring;lilla 30.8&plusmn;5.2 ja 43.6&plusmn;13.5 ml vrk-1kg-1 mutta se kohosi melkein nelinkertaisesti kesalla (kes&aring;-elokuussa) maksimiarvoonsa 117.7+5.9 ml vrk-1 kg-1 elokuussa. Veden k&aring;yton ja ravinnon oton seka veden k&aring;yton jaymp&aring;riston lampotilan v&aring;lilla oli positiivinen korrelaatio. Viimeksi mainittu korrelaatio voi johtua v&aring;liaikaisesta riippuvuudesta ravinnonoton ja ymp&aring;riston l&aring;mpotilan v&aring;lill&aring;.</p>

Distribution and turnover of water in Merino sheep selected for high wool production

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
WV Macfarlane ◽  
CHS Dolling ◽  
B Howard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Body Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Estimates of the distribution of body water and the rate of water turnover were made on medium Peppin Merino ewes grazing on Mitchell grass association pasture in south-western Queensland during January and November. It so happened that the January measurements were made while the sheep were on lush green pasture following good rains, and that the November measurements were made on dry pasture after a number of months of low rainfall. The estimates made on each sheep included those of plasma volume, extracellular volume, total body water, plasma protein, and water turnover per 24 hr. The ewes, which were approximately 4¼ and 4¾ years of age at the times of measurement, were drawn either from a flock which had been under selection for high clean wool production per head or from a control flock in which all animals used for breeding had been chosen at random from those available. Twelve ewes from each flock were observed in January, and a different set of 10 ewes from each flock was observed in November. Body fluid compartments, as millilitres per kilogram body weight, were greater during the wet: than during the dry period. Plasma volumes were significantly greater in January than in November by 10.3% for the selected ewes and 18.2% for control ewes. The estimates of extracellular volume showed a similar significant difference between the months (15.4% for selected ewes and 17.4% for controls). The January measurements of total body water exceeded the November observations by 9.6% in the selected ewes and 11.2% in the control ewes, both increases being significant. In none of these three characteristics, however, were the selected ewes significantly different from the control ewes during either January or November. The 24 hr turnover of water in millilitres per kilogram body weight was significantly greater in January than in November by 30% for selected sheep and 51.1% for controls. The high water content of pasture during January greatly reduced the free water intake from troughs (ratio of respective water intakes of control and selected sheep was 100/123.7 in November and 1.3/1.5 in January); and the low dry matter content of the food became the major determinant of water turnover. When grazing relatively dry grasses in November, the selected sheep turned over significantly more water than did the controls (ratio control to selected was 100/113.7), but in January the turnovers were not significantly different (control/selected = 137.5/128.7).

Fat-Tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino Sheep Under Semi-Arid Conditions. 1. Total Body Water, its Distribution and Water Turnover

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThe total body water (TBW), its distribution and water turnover were measured in native fat-tailed Awassi sheep, a breed well adapted to desert conditions, and in imported German Mutton Merino (GMM) sheep, a breed that evolved in a temperate climate, under semi-arid conditions.TBW (tritiated water space;TOH space), extracellular fluid volume (SCN-space) and plasma volume (T·1824 space) were measured during the summer while these sheep grazed natural pasture that remained as dried stem-cured hay and in the winter while they grazed lush natural pasture. No differences were found between the breeds in any of the measurements in both seasons. Within both breeds, the percentage TOH and SCN-spaces were larger in the summer whereas the percentage T·1824 space remained the same.TBW and water turnover were measured in these breeds in eight trials while the sheep grazed native pasture in the autumn, winter and spring, shrubs in the winter and legumes in the summer. Water and shade were freely and easily accessible throughout the grazing period. The TBW was found to be consistently lower in the Awassi, indicating a higher energy reserve. The water turnover in 1/24 h/kg wt.0·82 was found to be higher in the GMM in all trials; the differences ranged between 3 and 28%. However, in only two out of the eight trials were the differences significant. Thus, the water turnoverwas only slightly lower in the Awassi although this breed evolved under Middle Eastern arid and semi-arid regions.

Water content and turnover of identical twin Bos indicus and B. taurus in Kenya

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Macfarlane ◽  
B. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Total Body

The water content and turnover of six pairs of identical twin cattle were measured in the Kenya highlands. Three pairs were stall fed, and one twin of each pair received water daily. Their water turnover averaged 14.21./24 hr. while the others watered each 4 days had an average turnover of 12.41./24 hr. These stall-fed animals used 74-132 ml./kg.0.82/ 24 hr., about one-third the water turned over by grazing cattle (261-364 ml./kg.0.82/24 hr.). There was little relationship between estimates of water intake measured from the trough and that derived from tritium dilution.Members of each grazing pair differed in weight by an average of 4.2% and their total body water by 5.9%, whereas the water turnover differed by only 2.2% amongst the twin pairs.

A note on milk intake of piglets measured by tritium dilution

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Yang ◽  
B. Howard ◽  
W. V. Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTThe milk intake of two litters of suckling piglets was measured by the turnover of tritium-labelled body water. The estimated intakes of a litter of seven piglets agree with the current knowledge of milk yield from sows, which generally rises to a maximum at the 3rd week and then declines. With a litter of four, intake rose continuously from the 1st to the 6th week. Since piglets are often weaned at 3 weeks of age, this method has few disadvantages n i practical use. During the estimation of water turnover the total body water of individual piglets can also be obtained so that information on body composition (solids, protein, fat and ash) can be derived. The efficiency of conversion of milk by piglets can thus be calculated.

scholarly journals Validation Testing Demonstrates Efficacy of a 7-Day Fluid Record to Estimate Daily Water Intake in Adult Men and Women When Compared with Total Body Water Turnover Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 2001-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C Johnson ◽  
François Péronnet ◽  
Lisa T Jansen ◽  
Catalina Capitan-Jiménez ◽  
JD Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Validation Testing
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