Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: Public Health Concerns

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Rivers ◽  
Beatrice Wang ◽  
Danielle Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

The North American public maintains an attitude that equates the acquisition of a suntan with health. However, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to sunburn, premature skin aging, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. Misconceptions about the risks of tanning beds and the effectiveness of sunscreens are common. The public must be better informed about the importance of and the need for effective sun protection by means of clothing and hats, the proper use of sunscreen, and the avoidance of prolonged sun exposure during the time of maximal solar insolation.

Skin protection in the sun: a survey of the quality of information available in general interest magazines

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Miller ◽  
Fiona Irving
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
General Interest ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information Set ◽  
The Uk

A survey was carried out in July 1994 to assess the quality of information readily available to the public through general interest magazines, on the damaging effects of sun exposure. Information in the magazines was compared to the messages given in a recently published professional consensus statement. Disparities were found between the information set out by the professionals and that reaching the public about the issues of sun exposure in the UK, and about the risks of tanning. There was room for improvement on many of the issues studied.

Great Russian Animal Tales

PMLA ◽  
1891 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-102
Author(s):  
Adolph Gerber
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Form Part ◽  
In The Beginning

The Russians proper who constitute three fourths of the whole population of European Russia are divided into the Great Russians, the Little Russians and the White Russians, numbering about forty-five, twenty and five millions respectively. The Great Russians occupy the central provinces around Moscow and the greater part of the North and the East, the Little Russians extend from the river Don to Eastern Galicia, the White Russians live in the territory between Poland and the central provinces. Each of these three divisions of the Russian people possesses a rich treasure of folklore much of which has been published during the last thirty years. The animal tales have not been gathered separately, but form part of the various collections of folk tales, or Skazkas, among which that of Afanasiev is by far the largest and most important. It comprises eight volumes, draws its material from all sections of the country, and presents the principal animal tales in the three dialects, in the edition of 1860-63 running through several volumes, in that of 1873 united in the beginning of the first. The work of Afanasiev has been supplemented by others. To mention only the leading collections, Romanov has edited White-Russian folk tales; Rudĉenko, Ĉubinskij and Dragomanov Little-Russian; Chudjakov, Cudinskij and Sadovnikov Great-Russian. To the public and the students of foreign countries, the Russian tales have been introduced by the collections of Ralston, Leger, Dietrich, Vogl and others; through the notes on tales of other countries; through numerous publications and discussions in magazines and periodicals, and by de Gubernatis ‘Zoological Mythology.’ As the collections contain but a few animal tales, and as the stray publications are only accessible to specialists, de Gubernatis’ work, which has been published in English, Italian, French and German, is comparatively the most useful. Unfortunately, however, the Italian scholar does not give his summaries of Great-Russian animal tales connectedly and for their own sake, but interspersed with tales from other peoples and in support of a theory which resolves them into myths of the sun, the moon or the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Generation and Enrichment of Pedestrian Maps with Vertical Shadows in Urban Environments from Mobile Laser Scanning Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Jesus Balado Frias ◽  
Lucía Díaz-Vilariño ◽  
Ernesto Frías ◽  
Elena González
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Input Point ◽  
Accessibility Barriers

Cities are becoming more pedestrian-friendly, reducing traffic and promoting physical activity and walking. However, prolonged exposure to the sun can cause sunburn and skin problems, so minimizing exposure to the sun while travelling is especially relevant at certain latitudes and in the summer months. This paper proposes a method for modelling urban contours and generating pedestrian maps with the location of shaded areas and accessibility barriers. The proposed method uses as input data a point cloud of an urban environment acquired with Mobile Laser Scanning. First, the input point cloud is segmented in ground points, obstacle points, and points causing shadows. Then, the three segmented point clouds are rasterized and the corresponded images are combined to obtain the navigable ground and the shaded areas. Finally, from the navigable ground, a navigation map is generated for pedestrians. To check the usefulness of this navigation map, a pathfinding algorithm is applied. The results show a correct generation of the navigable ground, and routes prioritizing the trajectory by shadow areas. Depending on the weighting between sun and shaded areas, the routes obtained show differences in distance travelled and sun exposure. The proposed method is sensitive to the existence of obstacles and noise in the point clouds.

Sun Load Analysis and Testing on Automotive Front Lighting Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Emre Öztürk ◽  
Mehmet Aktaş ◽  
Tunç Şenyüz
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Automotive Lighting ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Load Simulation

The purpose of this research is to reach good correlation between sun load simulation and solar focusing test for exterior automotive lighting products. Light coming from sun is highly collimated (parallel rays) and focusable from lenses with concave structure. Focusing incidence leads to a hot spot on lens surrounding plastic parts which may cause melting failures at high temperature zones. Sun load simulation is performing to eliminate risk of discoloration, deformation, out gassing, coating failures and fire with prolonged exposure from field. Irradiance values in W/m2 defined in simulation as heat source depending of an angle of incidence of the sun radiation. At first step, simulation is performing with 5 degree intervals to define the critical zones then intervals decreased to 2 degree to detect the critical azimuth and inclination angles. Critical azimuth and inclination angles is checking with ray trace analysis to check the bouncing of sun rays and possible solution to eliminate focuses with design solutions. After numerical analysis to release and validate the automotive lighting products regarding the sun load test, measurement with first parts is necessary. Measurement is performing for all critical angles which have been detected at simulation with thermal camera under ultra high-collimation solar simulator. Measured temperatures are settled according to environment conditions and correlation is checking with simulations.

Strategy for Protecting the North Sea: A Chemical Industry Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
N. C. D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

The public has ever-rising expectations for the environmental quality of the North Sea and hence of everreducing anthropogenic inputs; by implication society must be willing to accept the cost of reduced contamination. The chemical industry accepts that it has an important part to play in meeting these expectations, but it is essential that proper scientific consideration is given to the potential transfer of contamination from one medium to another before changes are made. A strategy for North Sea protection is put forward as a set of seven principles that must govern the management decisions that are made. Some areas of uncertainty are identified as important research targets. It is concluded that although there have been many improvements over the last two decades, there is more to be done. A systematic and less emotive approach is required to continue the improvement process.

Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Miller ◽  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Prue H Hart ◽  
Nicholas H de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Background Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of pregnant women have been linked to various health outcomes in their offspring. Satellite-derived ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data have been used as a proxy for 25(OH)D levels, as individual-level cohort studies are time-consuming, costly and only feasible for common outcomes. Methods Data on 25(OH)D levels from a public laboratory database were linked to data from the Western Australian Midwives’ Notification System and daily erythemal UVR dose from NASA satellites. Regression analysis was used to identify the time period prior to venesection where daily UVR dose best predicted 25(OH)D levels. A predictive model was used to validate the use of daily UVR dose as a proxy for personal sun exposure during pregnancy. Results Data from 19 173 pregnancies in women aged 18–43 years in Western Australia were included. The daily UVR dose averaged over the 90 days before venesection was the strongest UVR predictor of 25(OH)D level (a 5% increase per 1000 J m–2; equal to 3.3 nmol L–1 at the median of 66 nmol L–1). Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of 25(OH)D levels (21% lower in non-Caucasian vs Caucasian: equal to 7.2 nmol L–1 difference). Other significant predictors were gestation, age, year, parity, socio-economic status, remoteness, medical conditions and season. Conclusion NASA-derived erythemal UVR dose in the 90 days prior to venesection is a significant predictor of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women. Linked administrative data can be used to investigate associations between UVR during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring.

scholarly journals Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Yixiong Xiao ◽  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Mo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

Cities around the globe are embracing the Healthy Cities approach to address urban health challenges. Public awareness is vital for successfully deploying this approach but is rarely assessed. In this study, we used internet search queries to evaluate the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach applied in Shenzhen, China. The overall situation at the city level and the intercity variations were both analyzed. Additionally, we explored the factors that might affect the internet search queries of the Healthy Cities approach. Our results showed that the public awareness of the approach in Shenzhen was low. There was a high intercity heterogeneity in terms of interest in the various components of the Healthy Cities approach. However, we did not find a significant effect of the selected demographic, environmental, and health factors on the search queries. Based on our findings, we recommend that the city raise public awareness of healthy cities and take actions tailored to health concerns in different city zones. Our study showed that internet search queries can be a valuable data source for assessing the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of the distribution of doctors in municipalities of extreme poverty in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B L O Luizeti ◽  
E M M Massuda ◽  
L F G Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Shortage Of Doctors ◽  
Demographic Distribution

Abstract In view of the national scenario of scarcity of material and human resources in public health in Brazil, the survey verified the demographics of doctors who attend the Unified Health System (SUS) in municipalities of extreme poverty. An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out, based on secondary quantitative data from the Department of Informatics of the SUS using the TABNET of December 2019. The care networks variable was restricted to infer the number of physicians who attend the SUS in extreme poverty municipalities in Brazil. Municipalities of extreme poverty are those that at least 20% of the population have a household income of up to 145 reais per capita monthly. In Brazil, there are 1526 municipalities in extreme poverty, 27.4% of the country's total municipalities. 14,907 doctors linked to SUS work in this condition, 3.19% of the total of these professionals in Brazil. There is still disproportion between regions: North concentrates 11.2% of the municipalities in extreme poverty and 8.61% of the total number of doctors; Northeast, with 61.33% of these municipalities, for 61.5% of doctors; Southeast, with 15.46% of the municipalities in this condition, has 20.6% of doctors; South concentrates 10.87% of the municipalities under discussion with 5.61% of doctors and the Midwest, with 4.87% of these municipalities, has 3.54% of doctors. Between 2009 and 2018, there was a 39% increase in the number of doctors in these locations, however, for 2019, there was a decrease of 3.89%. The medical demographic distribution in Brazil is uneven, especially in the North. There is also the vulnerability of this population in view of the observed reduction in the number of professionals between 2018 and 2019 in municipalities of extreme poverty, for political reasons. It is evident the need to restructure the health system to guarantee access to health for this population, through the attraction and fixation of doctors in needy regions in Brazil. Key messages Shortage of doctors in extreme poverty municipalities reinforces the health vulnerability of the population in Brazil. The uneven medical demography in Brazil requires restructuring in the public health system.

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