Seasonal Water Turnover Rates and Body Water Volumes in Desert Chukars

The Condor ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip U. Alkon ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Water Volumes

Water content and water turnover in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mean

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Hereford and Hereford x Shorthorn), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were either maintained on pasture, or yarded and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Tritiated water was injected into the animals on five occasions at intervals of 3 months. The body water content and the water turnover rate were calculated, and some of the sources of variation defined. Observed differences in the water content are attributable to nutritional factors rather than to breed differences. The mean body water content ranged from 615 to 809 ml/kg fasting body weight, where the higher values were associated with a poor diet. The mean half-life of tritiated water was lower in summer (as low as 58 hr) than in winter (up to 128 hr) in grazing and well-fed yarded steers. On a poor diet, however, the half-life in yarded cattle remained high and almost constant throughout the year, dropping to below 100 hr on only a single occasion. Occasionally the half-life was breed dependent, but generally no significant differences between breeds could be found. While mean turnover rates of up to 7.1 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in better-fed cattle in summer, the value in poorly fed animals was almost constant throughout the year at about 3.3 ml kg-1 hr-1. There was, however, a winter minimum in the well-fed yarded and grazing groups. The turnover rate was also influenced by breed only to a limited extent. The results are interpreted in the light of their possible significance in the adaptation to a tropical environment, and in relation to their value in predicting the body composition.

scholarly journals Contribution of Dietary Composition on Water Turnover Rates in Active and Sedentary Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Alice E. Disher ◽  
Kelly L. Stewart ◽  
Aaron J. E. Bach ◽  
Ian B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Fibre Intake

Body water turnover is a marker of hydration status for measuring total fluid gains and losses over a 24-h period. It can be particularly useful in predicting (and hence, managing) fluid loss in individuals to prevent potential physical, physiological and cognitive declines associated with hypohydration. There is currently limited research investigating the interrelationship of fluid balance, dietary intake and activity level when considering body water turnover. Therefore, this study investigates whether dietary composition and energy expenditure influences body water turnover. In our methodology, thirty-eight males (19 sedentary and 19 physically active) had their total body water and water turnover measured via the isotopic tracer deuterium oxide. Simultaneous tracking of dietary intake (food and fluid) is carried out via dietary recall, and energy expenditure is estimated via accelerometery. Our results show that active participants display a higher energy expenditure, water intake, carbohydrate intake and fibre intake; however, there is no difference in sodium or alcohol intake between the two groups. Relative water turnover in the active group is significantly greater than the sedentary group (Mean Difference (MD) [95% CI] = 17.55 g·kg−1·day−1 [10.90, 24.19]; p = < 0.001; g[95% CI] = 1.70 [0.98, 2.48]). A penalised linear regression provides evidence that the fibre intake (p = 0.033), water intake (p = 0.008), and activity level (p = 0.063) predict participants’ relative body water turnover (R2= 0.585). In conclusion, water turnover is faster in individuals undertaking regular exercise than in their sedentary counterparts, and is, in part, explained by the intake of water from fluid and high-moisture content foods. The nutrient analysis of the participant diets indicates that increased dietary fibre intake is also positively associated with water turnover rates. The water loss between groups also contributes to the differences observed in water turnover; this is partly related to differences in sweat output during increased energy expenditure from physical activity.

Game domestication for animal production in Kenya: field studies of the body-water turnover of game and livestock

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover

SUMMARYField studies were made of tritiated water turnover, drinking water and dietary water intake throughout the year, in 212 animals of the following species: African buffalo, dromedary camel, zebu cow, eland, small East African goat, fringe-eared oryx, and Dorper sheep.There were significant differences (P< 0·005) in the water drunk and water turnover between species and between seasons. Furthermore the species (or season) differences were also significantly different (P< 0·005) for each season (or species). The lowest turnover rates were found in oryx, then camel, sheep, goat, eland, cow and buffalo, when expressed in ml/l0·82/day, which was the appropriate metabolic unit for these species.The restraints imposed by traditional African animal husbandry have drastically reduced the natural ability of eland to conserve body water but had much less effect on buffalo and oryx. The reason appears to be that eland is behaviourally adapted to a semi-arid environment, whereas a species like oryx is more physiologically adapted.

Corrigendum - Water content and water turnover in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mean

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Hereford and Hereford x Shorthorn), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were either maintained on pasture, or yarded and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Tritiated water was injected into the animals on five occasions at intervals of 3 months. The body water content and the water turnover rate were calculated, and some of the sources of variation defined. Observed differences in the water content are attributable to nutritional factors rather than to breed differences. The mean body water content ranged from 615 to 809 ml/kg fasting body weight, where the higher values were associated with a poor diet. The mean half-life of tritiated water was lower in summer (as low as 58 hr) than in winter (up to 128 hr) in grazing and well-fed yarded steers. On a poor diet, however, the half-life in yarded cattle remained high and almost constant throughout the year, dropping to below 100 hr on only a single occasion. Occasionally the half-life was breed dependent, but generally no significant differences between breeds could be found. While mean turnover rates of up to 7.1 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in better-fed cattle in summer, the value in poorly fed animals was almost constant throughout the year at about 3.3 ml kg-1 hr-1. There was, however, a winter minimum in the well-fed yarded and grazing groups. The turnover rate was also influenced by breed only to a limited extent. The results are interpreted in the light of their possible significance in the adaptation to a tropical environment, and in relation to their value in predicting the body composition.

Field and Laboratory Studies of Water Metabolism in Sminthopsis Crassicaudata (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae).

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Morton
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Body Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Water Turnover

S. crassicaudata is a small insectivorous marsupial which inhabits xeric to mesic habitats in southern Australia. Field and laboratory studies of the water metabolism of this species were carried out to determine the extent to which physiological adaptations contribute to its ability to inhabit arid environments. S. crassicaudata can subsist without drinking water when fed a diet of insects; this independence is made possible primarily by the high water content of the food, and not by physiological restriction of the rate of water usage as in many granivorous desert-dwelling rodents. Mean daily water turnover rates in the laboratory were 50-75% body water, and in the field were 110-190% body water. These high rates are interpreted in terms of lack of selection for water conservation in an animal subsisting on a moist diet; in such animals water turnover rate primarily reflects metabolic rate. These conclusions were supported by comparative studies of the water and energy metabolism of Planigale maculata. This species withstood water deprivation better than did S. crassicaudata, even though it inhabits much wetter environments; this was almost certainly due to its lower metabolic rate and, therefore, lower water turnover rate. These studies suggest that use of insect food by a desert-dwelling small mammal virtually removes the physiological problem of water conservation.

Field water-turnover rates of three Gerbillurus species

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen T. Downs ◽  
M.R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover

Reappraisal of Factors Disturbing the Relationship between Body Water Volumes and Total Body Electrical Resistance in Patients on Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Schotman JM ◽  
◽  
Reichert LJM ◽  
de Boer H ◽  
van Borren MMGJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Fluid Redistribution ◽  
Interpretation Errors ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Total Body

Background: Measurements of Total Body Electrical Resistance (TBER) are used to improve fluid balance management in patients on Hemodialysis (HD). This approach is based on the inverse relation that exists between TBER and body water volumes. Interpretation errors may occur if TBER measurements are affected by factors that are not related to changes in body water. Aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the methodological artifacts commonly encountered in a clinical setting, and to strengthen current evidence of their disturbing effects by performing additional experiments. Methods: This study includes an analysis of available literature data, supplemented with additional experiments in healthy adults and patients. A cutoff of 2.7% was used to classify changes in TBER as significant within individual subjects. Results: Electrode position, electrode interference, differences of measurements performed at the right or left side of the body, presence of orthopedic prosthesis located in the limbs, fluid redistribution induced by longterm changes in body position, and electrolyte abnormalities were the main disturbing factors that can induce a significant change in TBER. Other factors either had no significant disturbing effect or could be easily avoided. Conclusion: TBER measurements require a high degree of standardization to minimize interpretation errors.

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