scholarly journals Modulation of plasma and tissue cholesterol and fatty acid composition by feeding flax and canola seeds and oils to rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sim ◽  
E. Nwokolo ◽  
Z. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Tissue Lipids

Intact full-fat oil seeds might be more resistant to oxidation than extracted and refined oils and might therefore be used as sources of dietary fat. The present study was conducted to examine and compare the influence of feeding full-fat flax and canola seeds and oils on the plasma and tissue lipids of the rat. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats (n = 4) were housed individually in metabolic cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing full-fat flax (FFF), flax meal + flax oil (FO), full-fat canola (FFC), canola meal + canola oil (CO), and soybean meal + animal tallow (AT). After 6 wk of feeding, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in rats fed flax diets (FF and FO) but not in those fed canola diets (FFC and CO). Liver cholesterol levels were not affected by dietary treatment. The highest levels of α-linolenic acid (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were recorded in the plasma, liver, heart and epididymal fat of rats fed the flax-containing diets. Intermediate levels of LNA and EPA in plasma and tissues were found in rats fed canola-containing diets. Rats fed flax diets had less arachidonic acid (AA) in plasma, liver, and heart tissues than those fed control and canola diets, indicating inhibition of AA synthesis by high dietary LNA provided by full-fat flax seed and flax oil. These results demonstrated that full-fat flax and canola seeds could be used as sources of dietary LNA to modify plasma and tissue lipids. Key words: Flax seed, canola seed, cholesterol, fatty acid, rat

scholarly journals Optimization of a Low Magnesium, Cholesterol-Containing Diet for the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon W. Smith ◽  
Jennifer L. King ◽  
Rita J. Miller ◽  
James P. Blue Jr. ◽  
Sandhya Sarwate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Accelerate Atherosclerosis ◽  
Atherosclerosis Research

<p>The cholesterol-fed rabbit is useful for atherosclerosis research. We describe development of a low-magnesium (Mg) cholesterol-containing diet to accelerate atherosclerosis in this model. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed either chow or one of four atherogenic diets: 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg, 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.40% Mg, 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.11% Mg, or 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.40% Mg. While feed intake decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbits, they were able to maintain their body weights. Rabbits consuming cholesterol experienced profound hypercholesterolemia and tissue lipid accumulation, with plasma cholesterol levels above 1500 mg/dl for all groups at the completion of the study. Liver and spleen lipid content and liver cholesterol content also increased. Aortic arch atheroma thickness was greatest in 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg animals. Tissue Mg levels decreased in cholesterol-fed animals compared to chow-fed controls, despite equal or greater serum Mg levels. Our results indicate that the 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg diet was optimal at promoting hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis while minimizing health complications for the animals. The low Mg cholesterol diet will be useful to other biomedical researchers interested in utilizing the rabbit for cardiovascular disease research.</p>

THE EFFECT OF THE LIVER ON PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tinoco ◽  
R. L. Lyman ◽  
Ruth Okey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

Blood samples were taken from the femoral and hepatic veins of the same rat. The blood from the hepatic vein had a higher concentration of glucose than blood from the femoral vein. Plasma from the femoral vein always had a higher level of cholesteryl esters than plasma from the hepatic vein, indicating that the liver was absorbing cholesteryl esters. Fatty acid patterns were determined for plasma cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, and phospholipids; there was little difference in pattern between samples taken from the hepatic vein and samples from the femoral vein.

scholarly journals Linoleic acid-rich fats reduce atherosclerosis development beyond its oxidative and inflammatory stress-increasing effect in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in comparison with saturated fatty acid-rich fats

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Sato ◽  
Kenichi Shibata ◽  
Run Nomura ◽  
Daisuke Kawamoto ◽  
Rika Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Deficient Mice

The relative benefit of replacing saturated fatty acid with linoleic acids is still being debated because a linoleic acid-enriched diet increases oxidative and inflammatory stresses, although it is associated with a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of linoleic acid-rich (HL) fat, compared with a saturated fatty acid-rich (SF) fat on atherosclerotic lesion areas, serum and liver cholesterol levels, oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes and serum malondialdehayde) and inflammatory stress (expression of aortic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MCP-1) in apo E-deficient mice. Male and female apo E-deficient mice (8 weeks old; seven to eight per group) were fed an AIN-76-based diet containing SF fat (50 g palm oil and 50 g lard/kg) or HL fat (100 g high-linoleic safflower-seed oil/kg) for 9 weeks. Compared with the SF diet, the HL diet lowered atherosclerosis (P<0·05). It reduced serum total cholesterol levels (P<0·05), increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P<0·05) and lowered liver esterified cholesterol levels (P<0·01). The HL diet-fed mice showed increased expression of MCP-1 mRNA (P<0·05), serum levels of malondialdehayde (P<0·05) and urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α;P<0·05). These results suggest that having biomarkersin vivofor oxidative stress and inflammatory status of endothelial cells does not necessarily indicate predisposition to an increased lesion area in the aortic root in apo E-deficient mice fed an HL or SF diet.

scholarly journals Pengaruh propolis terhadap profil lipid plasma tikus model hiperkolesterolemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Krisnansari Diah ◽  
Ariadne Tiara Hapsari ◽  
Evy Sulistyoningrum ◽  
Agus Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

Background: Nowadays, cardiovascular disease caused by hypercholesterolemia has become the main cause of death. Propolis has been used widely to reduce plasma cholesterol levels.Objective: The aims of this research was to study the effect of propolis on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats.Method: This was an experimental study with pre-post test. Twenty four (24) male Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 week old, weighing 125-200 g were allocated into 4 groups. Group I received standard meal + aquadest-gavage; group II received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + aquadest gavage; group III received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,027 g propolis gavage; group IV received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,054 g propolis gavage. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels before and after treatment were measured. The data were then analyzed with One Way Anova.Results: The study showed that there were no significant differences in changes of body weight. There were significant differences in total cholesterol levels between all groups of treatment. Triglyceride levels were significantly different among all groups, except between group I and IV. Furthermore, the HDL cholesterol levels of group I vs III and group I vs IV were significantly different. However, there were no differences found in LDL cholesterol levels among all groups of treatment.Conclusion: Provision of 0,027 g and 0,054 g propolis improve lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels) of hypercholesterolemic rats.

scholarly journals Linoleic and α-linolenic acids differently modify the effects of elaidic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and some immune indices in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiho Koga ◽  
Michiko Nonaka ◽  
Jiong Yan Gu ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Perilla Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tissue Lipids

To explore whether the metabolic responses to trans, compared with cis, fatty acids depend on the source of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), male Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 weeks old, were fed on diets containing 30 g oleic (cis) or elaidic (trans) acids/kg in combination with either 70 g perilla oil (α-linolenic acid) or safflowerseed oil (linoleic acid)/kg for 3 weeks in separate experiments. The dietary fats were adjusted to have the same level of total PUFA. The dietary manipulation did not influence the growth indices, but spleen weight was greater when the dietary PUFA source was perilla oil. The incorporation of trans fatty acid into liver phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine and adipose tissue lipids, particularly phospholipids, was significantly higher when rats were fed on safflowerseed oil compared with perilla oil. However, only limited differences were observed in the effects of cis and trans fatty acids on the proportions of PUFA in liver phospholipids. Splenic production of prostaglandin E2 was reduced by trans fatty acid when safflowerseed oil was the PUFA source, but no trans effect was observed on leukotriene C4 production. Dietary PUFA significantly influenced the concentration of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) but the effect of geometry was only seen in IgG which was increased by trans acid. Dietary trans fatty acid increased the CD4+: CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio in the spleen, reflecting a decreasing trend of the proportion of CD8+, when combined with perilla oil. These observations indicate that the type of PUFA simultaneously ingested specifically infiuences the effect that trans acid exerts on PUFA metabolism, eicosanoid production and some immune indices.

EFFECTS OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY AND DIETARY CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE CHICK ON PLASMA PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE, GLUTAMIC–OXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY, AND 14C-ACETATE INCORPORATION INTO CHOLESTEROL

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Lupien
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The influence of B6 avitaminosis and the feeding of cholesterol on protein-bound iodine (PBI) of plasma and plasma glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase (PGOT) levels of chicks was studied, and the findings related to relative rates of 14C-acetate incorporation into plasma and liver cholesterol of chicks 3, 5, 11, and 15 days old.High plasma cholesterol levels were noted in the 11-day-old vitamin B6-deficient chicks. Liver cholesterol levels of this group were not significantly altered. Dietary cholesterol added at a level of 1% significantly increased liver and plasma cholesterol levels of the cholesterol-fed control and vitamin B6-deficient chicks; it also inhibited 14C-acetate incorporation into plasma and liver cholesterol to a much greater extent than did simple B6 avitaminosis or exogenous cholesterol per se. PBI parameters for control and vitamin B6-deficient chicks resembled those of plasma and liver cholesterol specific activity curves during the experimental period. Decreased PBI levels were noted 8 days after the beginning of the experiment in the vitamin B6-deficient birds. Dietary cholesterol significantly decreased PBI levels of 11-day-old control birds but increased it markedly 4 days later. PBI levels of the 11-day-old cholesterol-fed birds deficient in vitamin B6 were not changed, but were significantly increased 4 days later. PGOT levels were highest in 3-day-old control birds, and decreased rapidly thereafter. PGOT levels of the vitamin B6-deficient chicks were significantly decreased 3 to 4 days after the beginning of the experiment. The supplementary dietary cholesterol increased PGOT levels of 15-day-old cholesterol-fed control birds, but decreased PGOT levels of cholesterol-fed chicks deficient in vitamin B6. Although preliminary, these observations suggest an interrelationship between pyridoxine, thyroxine, and the mechanism responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.

Relationship between dietary tyrosine and plasma cholesterol in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Jacques ◽  
Yves Deshaies ◽  
Laurent Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The present study was undertaken to measure the effects of dietary tyrosine added to fish protein and peanut meal on plasma cholesterol and plasma thyroid hormone levels in the rat. These dietary proteins were chosen because they contain similar amounts of tyrosine but release it at different rates during enzymatic hydrolysis. Casein was chosen as the reference protein. Supplementation was used to obtain tyrosine levels similar to that of casein. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed cholesterol-enriched diets containing 15% protein. After 3 weeks of experimental feeding, total postprandial plasma cholesterol was similar in the casein and peanut meal groups and significantly lower in the fish group. When added to the fish diet, tyrosine caused an increase in plasma cholesterol to a level similar to that of the casein group, whereas supplementation had no effect on plasma cholesterol of rats fed the peanut meal diet. The effects of dietary proteins or of tyrosine supplementation on cholesterol levels of the (density < 1.006 g/mL) lipoprotein fraction were comparable, but not all significant, to those observed on total plasma cholesterol. In addition, casein and fish diets induced significantly higher levels of plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and lower levels of plasma thyroxine (T4) than did the peanut meal diet. However, the addition of tyrosine to the fish or the peanut meal diet did not modify the plasma thyroid hormone levels. These results showed that tyrosine supplementation in a physiological amount may increase cholesterol levels in the rat when added to protein, with a slow release of tyrosine during digestion, and that the tyrosine effect was not related to the plasma thyroid hormone levels.

scholarly journals IndustrialTransFatty Acid and Serum Cholesterol: The Allowable Dietary Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takeuchi ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Transfatty acid (TFA) from partially hydrogenated oil is regarded as the worst dietary fatty acid per gram due to its role in coronary heart disease. TFA consumption is decreasing worldwide, but some but not all observational studies indicate that TFA intake has little relevance to serum cholesterol levels in populations with low TFA intake (<1%E[percentage of total energy intake], <approximately 2 g/day). Few intervention trials examined the effect of TFAs on blood cholesterol at relatively low levels (<2%E); no definite evidence is available on the tolerable upper level of the intake. A series of our intervention studies in Japanese suggested that an industrial TFA intake at <1%Edoes not influence the serum cholesterol level. To establish allowable level, we must consider not only the dietary level of TFAs, but also the composition of dietary fats simultaneously consumed, that is, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids strengthen or counteract the adverse effect of TFAs on serum cholesterol levels. In this review we describe the complex situation of the cardiovascular effects of industrial TFAs. The relationship between dietary industrial TFAs and concentration of plasma cholesterol should be evaluated from the viewpoint of dietary patterns rather than TFAs alone.　

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