scholarly journals Linoleic and α-linolenic acids differently modify the effects of elaidic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and some immune indices in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiho Koga ◽  
Michiko Nonaka ◽  
Jiong Yan Gu ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Perilla Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tissue Lipids

To explore whether the metabolic responses to trans, compared with cis, fatty acids depend on the source of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), male Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 weeks old, were fed on diets containing 30 g oleic (cis) or elaidic (trans) acids/kg in combination with either 70 g perilla oil (α-linolenic acid) or safflowerseed oil (linoleic acid)/kg for 3 weeks in separate experiments. The dietary fats were adjusted to have the same level of total PUFA. The dietary manipulation did not influence the growth indices, but spleen weight was greater when the dietary PUFA source was perilla oil. The incorporation of trans fatty acid into liver phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine and adipose tissue lipids, particularly phospholipids, was significantly higher when rats were fed on safflowerseed oil compared with perilla oil. However, only limited differences were observed in the effects of cis and trans fatty acids on the proportions of PUFA in liver phospholipids. Splenic production of prostaglandin E2 was reduced by trans fatty acid when safflowerseed oil was the PUFA source, but no trans effect was observed on leukotriene C4 production. Dietary PUFA significantly influenced the concentration of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) but the effect of geometry was only seen in IgG which was increased by trans acid. Dietary trans fatty acid increased the CD4+: CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio in the spleen, reflecting a decreasing trend of the proportion of CD8+, when combined with perilla oil. These observations indicate that the type of PUFA simultaneously ingested specifically infiuences the effect that trans acid exerts on PUFA metabolism, eicosanoid production and some immune indices.

scholarly journals The effects of polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acids ratios and peroxidisability index values of dietary fats on serum lipid profiles and hepatic enzyme activities in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Kang ◽  
Myoung Suk Shin ◽  
Jung Nan Park ◽  
Sang Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Raising the dietary PUFA:saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio has been recommended for the prevention of CVD. However, a high PUFA:SFA (P:S) ratio diet enhances oxidative stress because PUFA are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Thus, we focused on the role of the dietary P:S ratio and peroxidisability index (PI) value on serum and liver tissue and investigated the effects of dietary P:S ratios (0·4, 1·0, and 4·8) with a fixed PI value (81) on serum lipid parameters and hepatic enzyme activities (experiment 1). To elucidate whether those phenomena were unique to the P:S ratio, we examined the effects of dietary PI values (36, 81, 126, and 217) with a constant P:S ratio (1·0) (experiment 2). Female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 240–280 g were fed experimental diets for 4 weeks. When dietary PI value was maintained at 81, serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased with increasing dietary P:S ratio. When the P:S ratio was fixed at 1·0, HDL-C was the lowest with mid–low PI (MLPI) (PI value of 81). In both experiments, serum LDL-cholesterol:HDL-C ratio kept in the range of 0–2. The hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were the highest in the lowest dietary P:S ratio group (experiment 1). GSH-Px, glutathione-S-transferase, and TBARS were the lowest in rats fed the MLPI diet (experiment 2). In conclusion, these results indicate that a P:S ratio of 1·0–1·5 and a PI value of 80–90 in the diet are within a favourable range to reduce the risk of CVD.

THE STIMULATION BY PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IN EXPLANTS FROM RAT MAMMARY GLANDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. HALLOWES ◽  
D. Y. WANG ◽  
D. J. LEWIS ◽  
C. R. STRONG ◽  
R. DILS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

SUMMARY Explants of mammary glands and of subcutaneous body fat from sexually mature virgin and from 19-day pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and of mammary gland from 5-day lactating Sprague-Dawley rats, were maintained in organ culture for up to 96 h. The effects of insulin (I), corticosterone (B), prolactin (P) and growth hormone (G) on the rate of fatty acid synthesis were measured by the incorporation of [14C]acetate. The effect of these hormones on the synthesis of various carbon-chain length fatty acids was measured by radio gas-liquid chromatography. Explants from both tissues had a reduced rate of fatty acid synthesis after 24 h in medium 199, but this rate was increased by the addition of insulin. In explants of subcutaneous fat from virgin rats, the rate was further increased by culture in IBP or IBG, but this increase was not blocked by actinomycin D. In explants from subcutaneous fat of 10-day pregnant rats the rate was not increased by the addition of B, P or G to the insulin-containing medium. In mammary gland explants from virgin rats, IBP stimulated a greater rate of fatty acid synthesis than did insulin alone. In mammary gland explants from 10-day pregnant rats, the rate of fatty acid synthesis was increased by both IBP and IBG. In mammary gland explants from rats on the 5th day of lactation, both IBP and IBG increased the rate of fatty acid synthesis compared with insulin or IB. Actinomycin D blocked the increased fatty acid synthesis produced by prolactin or growth hormone but not that produced by insulin alone. Mammary gland explants from rats on the 5th day of lactation were cultured for the first 4 h after excision in medium 199 that contained sodium [14C]acetate. Sixty-eight per cent of the 14C was incorporated into C8-C12 fatty acids. In explants from subcutaneous fat none of the hormones tested increased 14C incorporation in these fatty acids. In mammary gland explants from virgin or 10-day pregnant rats, insulin, corticosterone and prolactin increased the incorporation in these fatty acids. Growth hormone was less efficient than prolactin in stimulating C8-C12 fatty acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) induces apoptosis of colonic mucosa in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats: a possible mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect by CLA

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun S. Park ◽  
Ji H. Ryu ◽  
Yeong L. Ha ◽  
Jung H. Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tumour Incidence ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid

One of the objectives of the present study was to investigate whether 1 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the diet reduced tumour incidence in the colon of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats. Colon cancer was induced by injecting 6-week-old, male, Sprague–Dawley rats with 15 mg/kg DMH twice per week for 6 weeks. They were fed either 1 % CLA or a control diet ad libitum for 30 weeks. Dietary CLA significantly decreased colon tumour incidence (P<0·05). Our second objective was to investigate whether apoptosis in the colon mucosa of DMH-treated rats was affected by the amount of dietary CLA and whether the changes in apoptosis were related to those in fatty acid-responsive biomarkers. For this purpose, rats were killed after being fed a diet containing 0 %, 0·5 %, 1 % or 1·5 % CLA for 14 weeks. CLA was undetected in the mucosa of rats fed the 0 % CLA diet and increased to 5·9 mg/g phospholipid in rats fed the 0·5 % diet. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick and labelling technique was increased by 251 % and the 1,2-diacylglycerol content was decreased by 57 % in rats fed 0·5 % CLA. No further changes in these variables were observed when CLA in the diet was raised to 1·0 % or 1·5 %. However, dietary CLA decreased mucosal levels of prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and arachidonic acid in a dose-dependent manner. The present data indicate that dietary CLA can inhibit DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis by mechanisms probably involving increased apoptosis.

Fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol hydrolysis are enhanced after chronic leptin treatment in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. E593-E600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Arend Bonen ◽  
David J. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Triacylglycerol Hydrolysis ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Leptin acutely increases fatty acid (FA) oxidation and triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolysis and decreases TG esterification in oxidative rodent muscle. However, the effects of chronic leptin administration on FA metabolism in skeletal muscle have not been examined. We hypothesized that chronic leptin treatment would enhance TG hydrolysis as well as the capacity to oxidize FA in soleus (SOL) muscle. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were infused for 2 wk with leptin (LEPT; 0.5 mg · kg−1 · day−1) by use of subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps. Control (AD-S) and pair-fed (PF-S) animals received saline-filled implants. Subsequently, FA metabolism was monitored for 45 min in isolated, resting, and contracting (20 tetani/min) SOL muscles by means of pulse-chase procedures. Food intake (−33 ± 2%, P < 0.01) and body mass (−12.5 ± 4%, P = 0.01) were reduced in both LEPT and PF-S animals. Leptin levels were elevated (+418 ± 7%, P < 0.001) in treated animals but reduced in PF-S animals (−73 ± 8%, P< 0.05) relative to controls. At rest, TG hydrolysis was increased in leptin-treated rats (1.8 ± 2.2, AD-S vs. 23.5 ± 8.1 nmol/g wet wt, LEPT; P < 0.001). In contracting SOL muscles, TG hydrolysis (1.5 ± 0.6, AD-S vs. 3.6 ± 1.0 μmol/g wet wt, LEPT; P = 0.02) and palmitate oxidation (18.3 ± 6.7, AD-S vs. 45.7 ± 9.9 nmol/g wet wt, LEPT; P < 0.05) were both significantly increased by leptin treatment. Chronic leptin treatment had no effect on TG esterification either at rest or during contraction. Markers of overall (citrate synthase) and FA (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) oxidative capacity were unchanged with leptin treatment. Protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was also unaltered following leptin treatment. Thus leptin-induced increases in lipolysis are likely due to HSL activation (i.e., phosphorylation). Increased FA oxidation secondary to chronic leptin treatment is not due to an enhanced oxidative capacity and may be a result of enhanced flux into the mitochondrion (i.e., carnitine palmitoyltransferase I regulation) or electron transport uncoupling (i.e., uncoupling protein-3 expression).

scholarly journals Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapeng Chen ◽  
Hongbing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Lipid Quality ◽  
Health Promoting

Dietary fats are generally fatty acids that may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In nature, fatty acids occur in the form of mixtures of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), so their nutritional and/or medicinal values must be determined. Herein, we do not consider the classic indices, such as ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA; instead, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of indices used in recent years, including the PUFA/SFA, index of atherogenicity (IA), the index of thrombogenicity (IT), the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), the health-promoting index (HPI), the unsaturation index (UI), the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), fish lipid quality/flesh lipid quality (FLQ), the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio, and trans fatty acid (TFA). Of these nutritional indices, IA and IT are the most commonly used to assess the composition of fatty acids as they outline significant implications and provide clear evidence. EPA + DHA is commonly used to assess the nutritional quality of marine animal products. All indices have their advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice of which to use is critical.

scholarly journals Oils’ Impact on Comprehensive Fatty Acid Analysis and Their Metabolites in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stawarska ◽  
Małgorzata Jelińska ◽  
Julia Czaja ◽  
Ewelina Pacześniak ◽  
Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid

Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated, and their metabolites (eicosanoids) play many pivotal roles in human body, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with edible oils diverse in terms of fatty acid composition on fatty acid contents, activities of converting their enzymes, and on lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids (eicosanoids) in rat serum. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into seven groups were used in the study. Animals from six groups were fed one of oils daily (carotino oil, made up by combining of red palm oil and canola oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rice oil, sesame oil, or sunflower oil). One group received a standard diet only. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Eicosanoids—hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE) were extracted using a solid-phase extraction method and analyzed with HPLC. Vegetable oils given daily to rats caused significant changes in serum fatty acid profile and eicosanoid concentrations. Significant differences were also found in desaturases’ activity, with the linseed and olive oil supplemented groups characterized by the highest D6D and D5D activity. These findings may play a significant role in various pathological states.

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