Analysis of chromic oxide in small samples of feeds and feces using chlorine bleach

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Suzuki ◽  
R. J. Early
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Chlorine Bleach ◽  
Feces Analysis

Chromic oxide concentration was determined spectrophotometrically (440 nm) on 10 to 100-mg samples of feeds and feces following a procedure involving oxidation with chlorine bleach. Average coefficients of variation and internal recoveries of added chromic oxide were < 2% and > 96%, respectively. The procedure is simpler and safer than other procedures based on strong oxidizing acids. Key words: Chromic oxide, feed, feces, analysis

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cardinault ◽  
B. Lyan ◽  
M. Doreau ◽  
B. Chauveau ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
In Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the limited interest in carotenoids in ruminant diets until recently, analyses of forages are often incomplete, focusing mainly on β-carotene and lutein. Carotenoid composition of green forage from middle mountain meadow was analyzed by HPLC after extraction and elimination of chlorophylls by mild saponification. This method of analysis uses two C18 columns in series with a quaternary gradient system. Our method allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of several xanthophylls other than lutein (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein) in chlorophyll-free extracts from carotenoid-rich forage. The intra-day (3.5–7.5 %) and inter-day (1.2–3.5 %) coefficients of variation are suitable for routine determination of carotenoids in green forage. This method could also be used in metabolic studies of these micronutrients in ruminants. Key words: Xanthophylls, carotenoids, fresh forage, HPLC

A modified chromic oxide indicator ratio technique for accurate determination of nutrient digestibility

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanonjoy C. Saha ◽  
Rex L. Gilbreath
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Fecal Recovery ◽  
Indicator Minerals ◽  
Indicator Ratio ◽  
Chromium Recovery

A modified method for nutrient digestibility determination is described. The method considers analytical chromium recovery in diets and feces, and fecal recovery of dietary chromium used as an indicator (marker) for determining nutrient digestibilities. This method should provide more reliable estimates of nutrient digestibility. Key words: Chromium, digestibility, indicator, minerals, sows

Herbage yield and cattle preference for dryland pasture grasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Preference Ratings

In a 3-yr pasture trial, herbage yield and cattle preference were recorded on a small plot area which was mob-grazed by cattle. Sampling grazed plots with quadrats had greater variability associated with the technique than traditional mechanical harvesting techniques, but the technique allowed grazing to continue on the remaining plot area so that other information such as cattle preference ratings could be collected. Results indicated that differences (P < 0.001) in herbage yield between cultivars could be detected despite having greater coefficients of variation than traditional mechanical harvesting methods and that differences (P < 0.001) in cattle preference could be determined using visual rating scores. Key words: Grass, cattle, preference, yield, forage

A CONTROLLED RELEASE INTRARUMINAL DEVICE FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FECAL DRY-MATTER MARKERS TO THE GRAZING RUMINANT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. LABY ◽  
B. KAUTZNER ◽  
C. A. GRAHAM ◽  
S. R. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Chromic Oxide

A general purpose controlled release (CR) intra-ruminal device (CRD) containing chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3) was used to measure mean daily fecal dry matter excretion (FE). The FE of penned sheep, estimated using the CRD, was 1.02 ± 0.04 of actual FE, independent of diet. A single, uniform release rate for the CRD was observed in grazing and penned sheep. Key words: Controlled release, fecal marker, chromic oxide

Evaluation of stem taper functions for estimating log volume assortments

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-746
Author(s):  
J. Gál ◽  
I. E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Absolute Bias

Using three recently fitted taper functions, this note evaluates the accuracy and precision of log volume assortment estimates for five major Saskatchewan timber species. All three functions showed similarly good performance for the five species examined. The results indicated that the magnitude of both absolute bias and standard error of estimate depended on the average volume of the particular log assortments; larger average volumes had greater bias and standard errors of estimate. The coefficients of variation were inversely related to average log assortment volume, with the smallest assortment volumes having the largest coefficients. This results from the high variation relative to those small averages. This also means that estimates of log volume assortments would always be less accurate than those of the entire merchantable stem. Key words: forest mensuaration, Saskatchewan, log volume estimation, stem taper functions

scholarly journals Genetic variation and trait relationship in the exotic and local eggplant germplasm

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MS Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Local Germplasm

Sixteen genotypes of local and exotic germplasms were studied to estimate variability, hcritability, genetic advance, and correlation coefficients. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for number of fruits/plant, individual fruit weight, and yield per plant. Heritability and genetic advance were also high for these traits indicating the possibility of selection to improve these characters. Yield of fruits showed highly significant and positive association with number of fruits per plant and individual fruit weight, which indicate the importance of these characters during selection for high yielding genotypes in eggplant. Among the genotypes, Islampuri produced the highest fruit yield (58.8 t/ha) followed by Tall begun (52.8 t/ha) and EG 120 (49.6 t/ha). Incidence of borer infestation ranged from 3.0 to 20.6 %. The lowest borer infestation was found in EG 120 (3.0%), while it was the highest in EG 192 (20.6%) Key Words: Genetic variation; trait relationship; exotic and local germplasm; eggplant. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5758Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 91-96, March 2009

Investigation of preferential treatment for milk yield in Canadian Holsteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Graham ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
J. P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Residual Variances

Milk production data collected from 1980 to 1986 for Holsteins in Canada were examined for evidence of preferential treatment of cows. Herds were split by milk-recording organization and within organization into Embryo Transfer herds, Bulldam herds, and other herds. Cows were classified as registered or grade within herds. Within-herd coefficients of variation were calculated for all herd-years and were generally higher for Bulldam herds. Cow estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) for milk yield were regressed on dam ETA and sire ETA to compare the regression coefficients with the theoretical regression coefficients and to examine the residuals. Residual variances increased with predicted ETA in all the sets of other herds and in ET herds located in Ontario. There was little evidence of effects due to preferential treatment. Frequency distributions of deviations from herd-year-season mean were calculated separately for grade and purebred cattle within lactation number and herd type. All distributions except for grades in Bulldam herds were significantly lepto-kurtotic (P < 0.01). There was little difference in distributions of grades and purebreds. No evidence of effects which could be caused by preferential treatment was obtained by these methods. Key words: Preferential treatment, genetic evaluation, dairy cattle

Within-taxon morphological diversity in late-Quaternary Neotoma as a paleoenvironmental indicator, Bonneville Basin, Northwestern Utah, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman ◽  
Michael J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Neotoma Cinerea ◽  
Neotoma Lepida ◽  
Bonneville Basin

Ecological data indicate that as the amount of precipitation in an arid areas increases, so too does mammalian taxonomic richness. This correspondence has been found in two late-Quaternary mammalian faunas from Utah, one from Homestead Cave in the Bonneville Basin. We use the remains of two species of woodrat (Neotoma cinerea and Neotoma lepida) from Homestead Cave to test the hypothesis that as the amount of precipitation in an arid area increases, so too does morphological diversity within individual mammalian taxa. Morphological diversity is measured as corrected coefficients of variation and as richness of size classes of mandibular alveolar lengths. Coefficients of variation for N. cinerea are few and coincide with moisture history if temporally successive small samples are lumped together. More abundant coefficients of variation for N. lepida coincide only loosely with moisture history, likely because such coefficients measure dispersion but not necessarily other aspects of variation. Richness of size classes of N. lepida is high during the early and late Holocene when moisture was high, and lowest during the middle Holocene when climate was most arid.

Fecal Chromic Oxide Concentration in 12 Dairy Cows as Related to Time and Frequency of Administration and to Feeding Schedule

1956 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
R. W. Engel ◽  
W. N. Linkous ◽  
H. C. Sweeney ◽  
G. C. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Oxide Concentration

Applying the Anderson-Darling Test to Suicide Clusters

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Suicide Clusters ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Anderson Darling

Background: Suicide clusters at Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) prompted popular and expert speculation of suicide contagion. However, some clustering is to be expected in any random process. Aim: This work tested whether suicide clusters at these two universities differed significantly from those expected under a homogeneous Poisson process, in which suicides occur randomly and independently of one another. Method: Suicide dates were collected for MIT and Cornell for 1990–2012. The Anderson-Darling statistic was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the intervals between suicides to distribution expected under the Poisson process. Results: Suicides at MIT were consistent with the homogeneous Poisson process, while those at Cornell showed clustering inconsistent with such a process (p = .05). Conclusions: The Anderson-Darling test provides a statistically powerful means to identify suicide clustering in small samples. Practitioners can use this method to test for clustering in relevant communities. The difference in clustering behavior between the two institutions suggests that more institutions should be studied to determine the prevalence of suicide clustering in universities and its causes.

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