Investigation of preferential treatment for milk yield in Canadian Holsteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Graham ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
J. P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Residual Variances

Milk production data collected from 1980 to 1986 for Holsteins in Canada were examined for evidence of preferential treatment of cows. Herds were split by milk-recording organization and within organization into Embryo Transfer herds, Bulldam herds, and other herds. Cows were classified as registered or grade within herds. Within-herd coefficients of variation were calculated for all herd-years and were generally higher for Bulldam herds. Cow estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) for milk yield were regressed on dam ETA and sire ETA to compare the regression coefficients with the theoretical regression coefficients and to examine the residuals. Residual variances increased with predicted ETA in all the sets of other herds and in ET herds located in Ontario. There was little evidence of effects due to preferential treatment. Frequency distributions of deviations from herd-year-season mean were calculated separately for grade and purebred cattle within lactation number and herd type. All distributions except for grades in Bulldam herds were significantly lepto-kurtotic (P < 0.01). There was little difference in distributions of grades and purebreds. No evidence of effects which could be caused by preferential treatment was obtained by these methods. Key words: Preferential treatment, genetic evaluation, dairy cattle

EFFECTS OF TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON MILK PRODUCTION

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
JOHN HODGES ◽  
P. G. HILEY ◽  
J. FROESE
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Change Period ◽  
Percentage Protein

The effects on production of moving a herd of 27 Ayrshire milking cows from one environment to a totally different one, with changed methods of feeding, milking and housing, were studied. Following a pre-change period of 105 days, during which each cow was recorded on alternate days for yield of milk and fat, lactose and protein percentages, the immediate effects of the change, the recovery if any, and permanent changes in production were analyzed over a 19-day period. All traits were affected in mean levels, except protein percentage. Milk yield fell by 2.6 kg (13.0%), fat percentage increased by 0.43 units (10.0%), and lactose percentage fell by 0.23 units (4.8%). Protein percentage was unaltered throughout. Milk yield and lactose percentage did not change after the immediate drop. Fat percentage returned linearly from the initial increase, to expectation at 11 days after the change, and continued to decline for another 8 days. The variances of all the traits were temporarily inflated by factors of 2,5,3 and 3 for milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage and lactose percentage, respectively. The gradual decline to normal, pre-change variance levels took 7–8 days for compositional traits and 10 days for milk yield. Estimates of these means, variances and coefficients of variation are given.

Subclinical mastitis assessed by deviations in milk yield and electrical resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
EZRA SHOSHANI ◽  
AMIEL BERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Concurrent falls in milk production and electrical resistance of composite milk were examined in Israeli Holstein cows. The cows were milked three times a day by a system that recorded yield and the lowest electrical resistance in the composite milk from the four glands. The study included two groups: cows that experienced on day 0 a decline in resistance and milk production [ges ]20% from the mean of the previous 9 d (62 cows, case group) and cows that experienced no such episodes over 9 d before and after a fixed day (118 cows, control group). Bacteriological status and somatic cell count (SCC) or California mastitis test scores were assessed on the fixed day in the control group, and on days 0, 1 and 2 in the case group. California mastitis test scores greater than 2 and SCC thresholds of 5×105 cells/ml were used to create two classes of leucocytosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in frequency distributions of pathogens and their types: in 30% of cows infection was not detected, 33% were infected by major pathogens (95% of which were Staphylococcus aureus), and 53·5% by minor pathogens (80% Micrococcus spp.). Cows in the case group had lower milk production during the 8 d following day 0. Mean electrical resistance was lower in infected cows and particularly in cows infected by Staph. aureus. High leucocytosis was associated with reduced electrical resistance in both groups, and was found in 93% of cows in the case group v. 25% in the control group. The results suggest that falls in electrical resistance of milk and in milk production were not linked to a specific pathogen, and were followed by 3–8 d of reduced milk production and electrical resistance. The study suggests that there are episodic aggravations in mammary health that do not evolve into clinical mastitis but may induce significant losses in milk yield and quality.

Relationship between Morphometric and Milk Production Characters in Ongole Cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V.Dharma Rao ◽  
Ch. V. Seshaiah ◽  
S. Jagadeeswara Rao ◽  
R. Vinoo ◽  
D. Srinivas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Face Length ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Selecting dairy type Ongole cows based on their phenotypic characters like coat colour, stature, external appearance which are being poorly correlated to milk production and reproduction is a common practice in Andhra Pradesh. In absence of the production records, predicting the association between milk yield and morphometry forms a potential tool for selection of dairy type Ongole cattle. Methods: The data on morphometric characters and milk production was recorded on 211 elite lactating Ongole cows in the breeding tract of Andhra Pradesh and correlation and regression coefficients were estimated. Result: The lactation milk yield and lactation length were positively (P less than 0.01) correlated with udder area, udder length, face length and cephalic index and negatively correlated with skin fold thickness and tail length. The regression coefficients of udder area, skin fold thickness, face length and tail length for lactation milk yield and lactation length were found to be significant (P less than0.01). The present study concluded that the udder area, skin fold thickness, face length and tail length may be given more weightage in selection of dairy type Ongole cows.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship between days open and days dry with milk yield in a herd of Holstein Friesian cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
H. Atil
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Partial Linear ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Abstract. A total of 2897 lactation records of Holstein Friesian cattle from the fields of Dena Farm in Egypt from 1987 to 1993 were used to study relationships of days open and days dry with milk production. The effect of month and year of calving, sire and cow within sires were also investigated. Month of calving, year of calving, sire and cow within sires significantly influenced milk production. Including DO and DP as a polynomial of second degree of production were significant. The partial linear and quadratic regression coefficients of 305 day milk yield on DO and DP were significant, being 7.59 ± 0.40 kg/d and −0.37 ± 0.00 kg/d2, respectively for DO and −9.37 ± 0.54 kg/d and 0.02 ± 0.00 kg/d2, respectively for DP. Therefore, reduction of DO and DP are a desirable goal of dairymen. Heritability (h2) estimates for 305 day milk yield, DO, DP were 0.13 ± 0.05, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively. Adjustment of lactation milk yield for DO will not involve genetic influence on milk yield.

Duration of a severe feed restriction required to reversibly decrease milk production in the high-producing dairy cow

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanelle A. Toerien ◽  
John P. Cant
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Post Trial

To establish the duration of a severe feed restriction necessary to reversibly decrease milk production in high-producing Holstein cows, milk, plasma and urine parameters were assessed every 6 h during a 24-h restriction and 18-h refeed period. The 24-h restriction decreased yields of milk, protein and lactose by more than 30% without inducing ketosis or impairing milk production post-trial. Key words: Feed restriction, dairy cows, milk yield, plasma metabolites

Hubungan lama masa kering terhadap produksi susu dan puncak laktasi pada sapi perah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Yuli Arif Tribudi ◽  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Rosyida Fajri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Optimal Length

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama masa kering dengan produksi susu dan puncak laktasi pada sapi FH. Materi yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari pencatatan recording 189 ekor sapi FH pada PT. Greenfields Indonesia di Desa Babadan Kecamatan Ngajum Kabupaten Malang. Analisis pengaruh lama masa kering terhadap produksi susu dan puncak laktasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan lama masa kering terhadap produksi susu berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) dengan persamaan regresi Y = 28,31 – 1,26 X sedangkan dengan puncak laktasi menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05). Lama masa kering menentukan produksi susu pada sapi perah dengan masa kering yang ideal 55- 60 hari dimana semakin lama masa kering maka produksi susu akan menurun. Kata kunci : masa kering, produksi susu, regresi, sapi FH ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry period length on milk production and peak milk yield of the Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows. Data on milk production from 189 FH cows raised at PT. Greenfields Indonesia were collected and subjected to linier regression analysis. The results showed that dry period length significantly (P<0.05) on affected milk production with regression equation of Y = 28.31 – 1.26 X, but had no significant effect (P.0.05) on peak milk yield. The optimal length of dry period was observed between 55 and 60 days. Milk production decreased with the increasing length of dry period above 55-60 days. Key words : dry period, milk yield, regression, FH cows

Causes of variation in milk yield and lactation length of Jersey cattle in Western Nigeria

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
T. A. Bamiduro
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Lactation Length

SummaryStudies on 59 first four completed lactations of 37 imported Jersey cattle in Western Nigeria showed that their mean lactation length (248·4 days) and average milk yield (1257·4 kg) were inferior to those of their counterparts in other tropical countries. Lactation length following the birth of female calves was longer and milk production greater than those subsequent to male births but the differences were small (P > 0·05). Peak milk production was reached at the third lactation. Influence of season of calving on lactation length was slight; mean milk yield was significantly highest (P < 0·05) among October-December calvers, while the July-December period appeared to be more propitious for milk production. The regression coefficients of lactation length and milk yield on age of dam at calving were negative and unimpressive (P > 0·05), being −2·108 ± 2·661 and −19·106 ± 17·130 respectively. Analysis of variance for weight of milk with lactation length as a covariate revealed that although lactation length was a major (P < 0·001) determinant of milk production, both the period of calving and lactation number had recognizable bearing on milk yield. All interaction effects were trivial (P > 0·05). The period of study was 1968–74.

COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AFTER RECEIVING TWO EMBRYOS AT TRANSFER

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. REID ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
J. S. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Mature Weight

Embryos were transferred surgically to each uterine horn of 31 recipient cows. Fourteen (45%) became pregnant. Nine of the pregnant recipients calved twins for a rate of 64% twins per pregnancy. Embryos were obtained from nine donors by nonsurgical flushing, with the resulting single and twin calves offspring of six of these. Donors were crossbreds of varying percentage of Charolais, Chianina, Maine Anjou, Simmental and Holstein; service sires were Charolais, Limousin or Maine Anjou and the calves were therefore 2-, 3- or 4-way crosses. Recipients included a wide range of crosses of breeds, varying in milk yield and mature weight. In addition to the twins produced by transfer, an additional six sets of twins were born during the same period to cows bred by artificial insemination (AI). Single and twin calves produced by AI service were sired by bulls of breeds similar in mature weight to that of the dam. At calving, 79% of the twinning cows required assistance compared to 29% of the single bearing cows. The most common problem observed for cows bearing twins was presentation of both calves at the same time, although this problem was easily corrected in all cases. Calf mortality was low and not significantly different between twin- and single-bearing dams. Days to first ovulation were similar for twin and single nursing cows, 39 and 34 d postpartum, respectively. Transfer twin calves were 16.6 kg lighter at birth and gained weight at a significantly slower rate (249 g d−1) from birth to weaning than transfer calves born as single. Milk production of transfer twin-bearing dams as measured by average machine yield at 5, 12 and 20 wk of lactation was significantly greater (340 kg 200 d−1) than for dams bearing a single transfer calf. Total mass of weaned calf per cow was 151 kg greater for dams with transfer twins than those with transfer singles and 165 kg greater for AI dams with twins than AI dams with singles. Within the transfer twin group, milk yield of dam significantly influenced total weight of calf produced (0.02 kg kg−1 milk) while weight of dam did not. Key words: Embryo transfer, beef, twins, recipients, milk yield, reproductive performance

Transferrins and milk production in dairy cattle

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ashton ◽  
R. W. Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYMilk and butterfat production data from eight herds of dairy cows in Australia for the years 1963 and 1964 were analyzed for relationship with serum transferrin type. In the 932 lactations considered D2/D2 cows produced 521 ± 152 lb of milk more than A/A cows and lactated 15·3 ± 7·8 days longer after correction for season. There was no difference in fat percentage of the milk. The production of A/D2 cows was also significantly higher than A/A cows, but less than D2/D2 cows. Allowing for differences in lactation length still left a significant difference between D2/D2 and A/A cows in milk yield.The best estimate of the effect of replacing a TfA by a TfD2 gene, allowing for season, was 170 lb more milk (P<0·01) and 6·5 days longer lactation (P<0·05), while TfD1 did not differ from TfA in either yield or lactation length.

Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽  
I Wayan Suarna ◽  
Ni Putu Sarini ◽  
I Gede Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle. 

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