INFLUENCE OF GROWTH AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS ON COLLAGEN METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GOPINATH ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Collagen Turnover ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HYPRO) was used to monitor collagen metabolism 28, 42, 56 and 63 days after treatment of growing steers with implants containing zeranol, DES or Synovex-S. Whereas body weight increased progressively HYPRO excretion decreased in all treatment groups and untreated controls. Treatment with DES increased HYPRO excretion over that of other treatments. These results suggest changes in collagen turnover of steers during growth to maturity. Key words: Hydroxyproline, collagen metabolism, anabolic compounds, steers

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists to Improve the Productivity and Health of Early-Weaned Pigs: What Is the Best Method of Delivery?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Hailey Wooten ◽  
Hwanhee Kim ◽  
Amanda R. Rakhshandeh ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
All Treatment

The purpose of the current study was to determine the best method of delivery for glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GRA) treatment. A total of 167 Pig Improvement Company (PIC) piglets (body weight (BW) 7.35 ± 1.24 kg) were weaned at 25.0 ± 0.81 days of age and randomly assigned to 14 treatment groups based on a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement with sex (gilts vs. barrows), in-feed antibiotic (ANT; 110 mg/kg in-feed tylosin), repeated intramuscular (I.M.) injection of GRA (two injections, 0.2 mg/kg BW dexamethasone (DEX)), low dose in-feed GRA (LF, 2.5 mg/kg diet DEX ), high dose in-feed GRA (HF, 5 mg/kg diet DEX), low dose in-water GRA (LW, 0.8 mg/L DEX ), high dose in-water GRA (HW, 1.6 mg/L DEX ), and no treatment control (CON) as the main factors. Body weight and feed intake were measured daily from days 0 to 7 and weekly from days 7 to 28 post-weaning. The interaction effect for average daily gain (ADG) was significant with gilts performing better in the I.M., ANT, and LF groups (p = 0.05). All treatment groups, with the exception of the HW group, had a higher ADG than the CON group. Gilts in the I.M., LF, and HF groups had the highest ADG compared to other treatment groups (p ≤ 0.05). Sex and the interaction between sex and treatments had no effect on the gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; p ≥ 0.21). All treatment groups had a higher G:F than the CON group (p ≥ 0.04). These results suggest that the low-dose, in-feed GRA treatment is the best GRA delivery method and is a suitable alternative to in-feed sub-therapeutic antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Fructo-, Galacto-, and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Do Not Protect against 5-Fluorouracil–Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2164-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Ruth J Lindsay ◽  
Mark S Geier ◽  
Ross N Butler ◽  
Gordon S Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Background Prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, and have been investigated in human and animal studies for their capacity to improve intestinal health. Objective We investigated the prebiotics fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) for their potential to alleviate intestinal damage in rats. Methods Female Dark Agouti rats (6–8 wk old, 110–150 g) were allocated to 1 of the following treatment groups (n = 8/group): saline/water, saline/FOS, saline/GOS, saline/MOS, 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/water, 5FU/FOS, 5FU/GOS, and 5FU/MOS. Rats were pretreated with either 5% GOS, MOS, or FOS or vehicle (water) from day −12 to day 0. On day 0, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or 5FU. Metabolic data were recorded daily and all rats were killed on day 3. Histopathology was quantified in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Intestinal sucrase and myeloperoxidase activity were quantified by biochemical assay. Fecal SCFAs—acetic, propionic, and butyric acid—were also measured. Statistical analysis was by repeated-measures, 2-factor ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Body weight was significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no change in body weight observed in any prebiotic treatment group. Total food intake was lower by ≥7% in the GOS treatment group pre-5FU than in all other groups (P < 0.05). Ileal villus height was 18% higher in GOS-treated rats pre-5FU than in respective water controls (P < 0.05). Jejunal and ileal villus height and crypt depth were significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no prebiotic effect observed. SCFAs were differentially increased in prebiotic treatment groups compared with water-only controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions FOS, GOS, and MOS have differential effects in modifying small intestinal pathology and SCFA profiles in rats with healthy and damaged small intestinal mucosa.

THE EFFECTS OF WITHHOLDING FEED AND WATER ON SELECTIVE BLOOD METABOLITES IN MARKET-WEIGHT BEEF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. SCHAEFER ◽  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
P. LEPAGE ◽  
N. L. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Serum Chloride

Eighty crossbred beef steers weighing an average of 493.4 ± 3.2 kg were allocated to five treatment groups of 0, 12, 24, 36 or 48 h off feed and water in order to examine the effects on selective blood metabolites. Progressive increases (P = 0.01) were observed in serum chloride, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit simultaneously with reductions in serum glucose and, by implication, plasma volume. Changes were most noticeable between 24 and 36 h off feed and water. Key words: Cattle, fasting, metabolites, carcass

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Clindamycin and Atovaquone in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2240-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgica Djurković-Djaković ◽  
Tatjana Nikolić ◽  
Florence Robert-Gangneux ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT The effect of clindamycin (CLI) combined with autovaquone (ATO) was examined in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. Swiss Webster mice intraperitoneally infected with 102 or 104tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were perorally treated with either drug alone (for ATO, 5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of body weight/day; for CLI, 25, 50, or 400 mg/kg/day) or both combined (for ATO plus CLI, respectively, 5 plus 25, 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, 50 plus 50, or 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) starting with day 1 for 14 days. Survival was monitored during 7 weeks. Residual infection was assessed by a bioassay of representative 4-week survivors and by parasite DNA detection by PCR for representative 7-week survivors. An effect of treatment was shown in all treatment groups compared to untreated control mice (P = 0.0000). Among mice infected with 102parasites, ATO and CLI at any dose combination protected significantly more animals than ATO alone (P = 0.0000), but compared to CLI alone, given its good effect, the combined drugs were no more effective (P > 0.05). For mice infected with 104 parasites, the drugs combined at the lowest and highest doses (5 plus 25 and 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) were, similarly, more effective than ATO alone (P = 0.035 and 0.000, respectively) but not than CLI alone (P > 0.05). However, treatment with ATO plus CLI at 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, and 50 plus 50 mg/kg/day protected 20, 33, and 78% of mice, respectively, compared to virtually no survivals among those treated with either drug alone (P < 0.0005), thus demonstrating a significant synergistic effect of ATO and CLI against T. gondii. Furthermore, the dose of ATO at a given dose of CLI was shown to be critical to the effect. Moreover, the absence of residual infection in some survivors shows the potential of this drug combination to eliminate the parasite.

EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON EXCRETION OF HYDROXYPROLINE IN THE URINE OF RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A bovine growth hormone and an anabolic steroid, methandrostenolone, were tested for their ability to stimulate collagen metabolism in rats. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, considered as an index of collagen metabolism, was determined prior to, during and after the treatment of animals with these hormones. Food intake and body weights were recorded daily in treated rats and in untreated controls. A significant increase in body weight was observed in the treated rats as compared with the controls. Both hormones significantly stimulated the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in rats. It is assumed that both hormones affect the excretion of hydroxyproline through its action on metabolically active soluble collagen, and through its stimulation of the turnover of mature collagen.

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Drinking Water Dysregulates Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in Apoe (-/-) Mice: Molecular Insights Into the Etiology of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edozie Samuel OKPARA ◽  
Wan Yu ◽  
Haibin Huang ◽  
Song Jia ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Abstract Background: Exogenous exposure to cadmium is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but experimental evidence elucidating the molecular events involved is still unclear, hence this study. We investigated whether sub-chronic cadmium exposure alone could cause a disruption in lipid and glucose metabolisms and whether the combined effect of these dysregulations could progressively lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE (-/-) mice. Methods: Experiments were performed in male ApoE (-/-) mice (8 weeks 25 ± 3g; n=60), which were randomly placed into four (4) groups according to body weight and administered cadmium (CdCl2) 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively in drinking water consecutively for 4 months. After treatment, changes in body weight were evaluated and mice plasma was analyzed for LDL, HDL, TCHO, TG, insulin and glucose levels. The collected samples were sent for histological examination in the 4th month and two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results Levels of plasma LDL increased in all treatment groups but was statistically significant in the 4th month across all treatment groups when compared both with the blank control group and the first month mice. Plasma HDL levels were lowered in all treatment groups in the 2nd and 4th months when compared with the 1st month mice. Statistically significant decreases in plasma HDL levels were also observed in the 2nd month in the group receiving CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) when compared with the blank control. TCHO and TG levels increased but was statistically significant in the former in the 1st, 2nd and 4th month at CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and in the latter at the same dose only in the 4th month. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were elevated and lowered, respectively. Histological examination of aortal root also showed a dose-dependent increase in plaque formation, being most visible in the treatment group receiving CdCl2 (200mg/L). Conclusion: In line with our hypothesis, sub-chronic oral exposure of ApoE (-/-) mice to cadmium dysregulated their glucose and lipid profiles and the combined effect of this may be a contributory molecular event in the development of atherosclerosis. Keywords: Cadmium. Atherosclerosis. Glucose dysfunction. ApoE (-/-) mice. Lipid dysfunction. Atherosclerotic plaques

scholarly journals Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
D. Couri ◽  
R. J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
All Treatment

Chlorine dioxide (CIO2) is currently being considered as an alternate to chlorine as a disinfectant for public water supplies. Studies were conducted to determine the toxicity of CIO2 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L) and its metabolites, CIO-2 and CIO-3 (10, 100 mg/L) in drinking water in rats. After 9 months treatment the osmotic fragility of the red blood cells was decreased in all treatment groups, while a decreased blood glutathione was only observed in the metabolite groups. At 2, 4, and 6 months no significant hematologic changes were noted in treated rats compared to control. However, after 9 months RBC counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were decreased in all treatment groups. CIO2, CIO-2, and CIO-3 administered chronically in drinking water for 3 months inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclei of rat testes. This inhibition was observed in the liver of CIO-2 groups and in the kidney of 100 mg/L CIO2 treatment. The incorporation in small intestinal nuclei was increased in both 10 and 100 mg/L CIO2 and in 10 mg/L CIO-2. The treatment with CI compounds decreased rat body weight in all groups after 10 and 11 months treatment.

The effects of cross-fostering on growth rate and post-weaning behavior of segregated early-weaned piglets

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giroux ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
G.-P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Cross Fostering ◽  
All Treatment

Cross-fostering involving piglets older than 2 d of age is often used in segregated early weaning (SEW) units to increase piglets' body weight homogeneity. This study was conducted to document the effects of such cross-fostering on weight gain, skin lesions, and post-weaning behavior of SEW piglets. Cross-fostering was done at 6 ± 1 d of age, in half of the 32 litters studied, by exchanging two piglets between pairs of litters. Piglets (n = 256) were weighed at birth, fostering, weaning (day 18 ± 1), and every week during the next month. The behavior of piglets was video-recorded during 3 h after weaning, and during 1 h on days 19, 20, 22, 24, 31, 38 and 45. Adopted piglets gained only 76% of the weight of non-adopted piglets between fostering and weaning (P < 0.001) and this difference persisted until day 45 (P < 0.05). Piglets from fostered litters fought less than control piglets during their first 2 d in nursery pens (P < 0.01) and skin lesions tended to be less frequent (P < 0.1). In all treatment groups, eating frequency was low on days 18 and 19 and increased abruptly on day 20. In conclusion, fostering impaired growth of piglets, but also facilitated their adaptation to unacquainted piglets after weaning. Key words: Pig, fostering, behavior, growth, welfare, segregated early weaning

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF BEEF STEERS FED GRASS SILAGE WITH OR WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTS OF SOYBEAN MEAL, FISH MEAL AND BARLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
J. G. PROULX ◽  
J. R. SEOANE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Protein

Forty crossbred beef steers were used in a 112-d experiment to study the effect of fish meal (FM, 300 g d−1), soybean meal (SBM, 320 g d−1), barley (B, 2 kg d−1) and B plus FM (2 kg + 300 g d−1) supplementation of grass silage on the performance of growing cattle. The growth rate of steers fed silage was 0.83 kg d−1 and this was increased by 0.15, 0.12, 0.27 and 0.36 kg d−1 by supplements of FM, SBM, B and B + FM. Silage dry matter (DM) intake averaged 2.13% of body weight. Protein supplementation had no effect on silage intake. B and B + FM supplementation increased total DM intake (P < 0.01), but decreased silage consumption by 14% (P < 0.05). Key words: Cattle, grass silage, soybean meal, barley, growth, fish meal

RESPONSES IN MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLSTEIN–FRIESIAN MALES TO CASTRATION AND DIET

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. NTUNDE ◽  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
All Treatment

The carcass characteristics of Holstein–Friesian males (bulls, unimplanted steers, and steers implanted with zearanol) as affected by castration and forms of shelled corn diet (dry, whole acid-treated high moisture, and rolled acid-treated high moisture) and their 2 × 2 interactions were studied. The animals averaged 84 kg body weight at the start of the experiment and were slaughtered at a pen average backfat thickness of 0.76 cm measured ultrasonically between the 11th and 12th ribs. Interaction effects were significant in the percent trimmed loin, flank, hindquarter, shank and total cuts. All carcasses had acceptable lean color, texture, firmness and marbling. The different forms of corn were similar in their effects. Similarly, implantation of steers with zearanol did not produce significant differences. The carcasses of all treatment groups in this study averaged Canada A grade and were essentially of the same quality characteristics. Compared to the steers, however, the bulls required slightly longer on feed but yielded significantly more carcass weight, a greater percent lean, a greater percent trimmed chuck and forequarter cuts, less carcass fat and had a higher lean:fat ratio. The steers yielded a higher percent trimmed loin and also more tender meat as determined by shear tests, but this latter case was not supported by the taste panel. No other differences were observed.

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