The effects of cross-fostering on growth rate and post-weaning behavior of segregated early-weaned piglets

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giroux ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
G.-P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Cross Fostering ◽  
All Treatment

Cross-fostering involving piglets older than 2 d of age is often used in segregated early weaning (SEW) units to increase piglets' body weight homogeneity. This study was conducted to document the effects of such cross-fostering on weight gain, skin lesions, and post-weaning behavior of SEW piglets. Cross-fostering was done at 6 ± 1 d of age, in half of the 32 litters studied, by exchanging two piglets between pairs of litters. Piglets (n = 256) were weighed at birth, fostering, weaning (day 18 ± 1), and every week during the next month. The behavior of piglets was video-recorded during 3 h after weaning, and during 1 h on days 19, 20, 22, 24, 31, 38 and 45. Adopted piglets gained only 76% of the weight of non-adopted piglets between fostering and weaning (P < 0.001) and this difference persisted until day 45 (P < 0.05). Piglets from fostered litters fought less than control piglets during their first 2 d in nursery pens (P < 0.01) and skin lesions tended to be less frequent (P < 0.1). In all treatment groups, eating frequency was low on days 18 and 19 and increased abruptly on day 20. In conclusion, fostering impaired growth of piglets, but also facilitated their adaptation to unacquainted piglets after weaning. Key words: Pig, fostering, behavior, growth, welfare, segregated early weaning

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists to Improve the Productivity and Health of Early-Weaned Pigs: What Is the Best Method of Delivery?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Hailey Wooten ◽  
Hwanhee Kim ◽  
Amanda R. Rakhshandeh ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
All Treatment

The purpose of the current study was to determine the best method of delivery for glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GRA) treatment. A total of 167 Pig Improvement Company (PIC) piglets (body weight (BW) 7.35 ± 1.24 kg) were weaned at 25.0 ± 0.81 days of age and randomly assigned to 14 treatment groups based on a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement with sex (gilts vs. barrows), in-feed antibiotic (ANT; 110 mg/kg in-feed tylosin), repeated intramuscular (I.M.) injection of GRA (two injections, 0.2 mg/kg BW dexamethasone (DEX)), low dose in-feed GRA (LF, 2.5 mg/kg diet DEX ), high dose in-feed GRA (HF, 5 mg/kg diet DEX), low dose in-water GRA (LW, 0.8 mg/L DEX ), high dose in-water GRA (HW, 1.6 mg/L DEX ), and no treatment control (CON) as the main factors. Body weight and feed intake were measured daily from days 0 to 7 and weekly from days 7 to 28 post-weaning. The interaction effect for average daily gain (ADG) was significant with gilts performing better in the I.M., ANT, and LF groups (p = 0.05). All treatment groups, with the exception of the HW group, had a higher ADG than the CON group. Gilts in the I.M., LF, and HF groups had the highest ADG compared to other treatment groups (p ≤ 0.05). Sex and the interaction between sex and treatments had no effect on the gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; p ≥ 0.21). All treatment groups had a higher G:F than the CON group (p ≥ 0.04). These results suggest that the low-dose, in-feed GRA treatment is the best GRA delivery method and is a suitable alternative to in-feed sub-therapeutic antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Fructo-, Galacto-, and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Do Not Protect against 5-Fluorouracil–Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2164-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Ruth J Lindsay ◽  
Mark S Geier ◽  
Ross N Butler ◽  
Gordon S Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Background Prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, and have been investigated in human and animal studies for their capacity to improve intestinal health. Objective We investigated the prebiotics fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) for their potential to alleviate intestinal damage in rats. Methods Female Dark Agouti rats (6–8 wk old, 110–150 g) were allocated to 1 of the following treatment groups (n = 8/group): saline/water, saline/FOS, saline/GOS, saline/MOS, 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/water, 5FU/FOS, 5FU/GOS, and 5FU/MOS. Rats were pretreated with either 5% GOS, MOS, or FOS or vehicle (water) from day −12 to day 0. On day 0, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or 5FU. Metabolic data were recorded daily and all rats were killed on day 3. Histopathology was quantified in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Intestinal sucrase and myeloperoxidase activity were quantified by biochemical assay. Fecal SCFAs—acetic, propionic, and butyric acid—were also measured. Statistical analysis was by repeated-measures, 2-factor ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Body weight was significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no change in body weight observed in any prebiotic treatment group. Total food intake was lower by ≥7% in the GOS treatment group pre-5FU than in all other groups (P < 0.05). Ileal villus height was 18% higher in GOS-treated rats pre-5FU than in respective water controls (P < 0.05). Jejunal and ileal villus height and crypt depth were significantly decreased in all treatment groups after 5FU injection, with no prebiotic effect observed. SCFAs were differentially increased in prebiotic treatment groups compared with water-only controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions FOS, GOS, and MOS have differential effects in modifying small intestinal pathology and SCFA profiles in rats with healthy and damaged small intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Clindamycin and Atovaquone in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2240-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgica Djurković-Djaković ◽  
Tatjana Nikolić ◽  
Florence Robert-Gangneux ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT The effect of clindamycin (CLI) combined with autovaquone (ATO) was examined in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. Swiss Webster mice intraperitoneally infected with 102 or 104tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were perorally treated with either drug alone (for ATO, 5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of body weight/day; for CLI, 25, 50, or 400 mg/kg/day) or both combined (for ATO plus CLI, respectively, 5 plus 25, 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, 50 plus 50, or 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) starting with day 1 for 14 days. Survival was monitored during 7 weeks. Residual infection was assessed by a bioassay of representative 4-week survivors and by parasite DNA detection by PCR for representative 7-week survivors. An effect of treatment was shown in all treatment groups compared to untreated control mice (P = 0.0000). Among mice infected with 102parasites, ATO and CLI at any dose combination protected significantly more animals than ATO alone (P = 0.0000), but compared to CLI alone, given its good effect, the combined drugs were no more effective (P > 0.05). For mice infected with 104 parasites, the drugs combined at the lowest and highest doses (5 plus 25 and 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) were, similarly, more effective than ATO alone (P = 0.035 and 0.000, respectively) but not than CLI alone (P > 0.05). However, treatment with ATO plus CLI at 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, and 50 plus 50 mg/kg/day protected 20, 33, and 78% of mice, respectively, compared to virtually no survivals among those treated with either drug alone (P < 0.0005), thus demonstrating a significant synergistic effect of ATO and CLI against T. gondii. Furthermore, the dose of ATO at a given dose of CLI was shown to be critical to the effect. Moreover, the absence of residual infection in some survivors shows the potential of this drug combination to eliminate the parasite.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS ON COLLAGEN METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GOPINATH ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Collagen Turnover ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HYPRO) was used to monitor collagen metabolism 28, 42, 56 and 63 days after treatment of growing steers with implants containing zeranol, DES or Synovex-S. Whereas body weight increased progressively HYPRO excretion decreased in all treatment groups and untreated controls. Treatment with DES increased HYPRO excretion over that of other treatments. These results suggest changes in collagen turnover of steers during growth to maturity. Key words: Hydroxyproline, collagen metabolism, anabolic compounds, steers

scholarly journals Effect of Non-Conventional and Conventional Fodder on Growth Performance of Goats in Farmers Field Condition

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
M. R. Tiwari ◽  
N. L. Tamrakar ◽  
H. R. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Daily Gain

The present experiment was carried out on farmers’ goats in their sheds in Rayale village of Kavre district for 150 days. Eighteen khari goats (both male and female), 8-12 months old and having similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups comprising of six individuals in each group. Three types of rations were formulated for the experimental goats. Feed intake by experimental goats in terms of green and dry matter was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) between the treatment groups. Growth rate of the goats fed with top dressed maize stover (treatment 2) was higher than the treatment 3 (seasonal fodder adlib + 200 g concentrate mixture) and treatment 1 (1/2 maize stover silage + seasonal fodder adlib + 200 g concentrate mixture). The lowest average daily gain (ADG) was found in treatment 3 where goats were fed conventional fodder and grasses supplemented with concentrate (18.4 g) followed by treatment 1 (24.6 g). <i> Nepal Journal of Science and Technology </i> Vol. 7 2006

Effect of age, retinol, and cholecalciferol on carcass fat and adipocyte number and size in growing lambs

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Payne ◽  
S. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Effect Of Age

To determine whether hyperplasia occurs in young growing meat lambs when fat is laid down we measured the changes in fat parameters with age in Coopworth × Dorset lambs and, in parallel, ran groups treated with retinol and cholecalciferol (reported inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation in vitro), which were slaughtered at 33–34 weeks of age. The lambs were fed a pelleted ration at 30 g/kg body weight from 16 weeks of age and serially slaughtered for age effects in groups of 4, whereas the treatment groups contained 6 lambs. Some lambs developed urethral blockage from pellet feeding so the experiment was terminated early at 33–34 weeks. The lambs showed a steady growth rate and an increase in the proportion of fat in the carcass, total carcass fat, and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter at 25–29 weeks of age. The total number of adipocytes in the carcass derived from diameter measurements on subcutaneous adipocytes and the total carcass fat showed no significant changes. Retinol and cholecalciferol caused significant reductions in cell diameter and increases in total adipocytes but little change in total fat.

scholarly journals Sophorolipid protects against early-weaning syndrome by improving the gut microenvironment in early-weaned piglets

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jin Kwak ◽  
Sun-Woo Choi ◽  
Yong-Soon Choi ◽  
Hanbae Lee ◽  
Kwang-Youn Whang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Mucin Layer

Abstract Background In animals, weaning stress is the first and most critical stress. Weaning can negatively affect the growth performance of animals physically, psychologically, and pathologically. Our previous studies on the HT-29 cell line and early-weaned rats demonstrated that adequate sophorolipid (SPL) supplementation in feed could enhance the mucin-producing and wound healing capacities of the gut defense system by modulating gut microbiota. Methods We conducted an experiment with one hundred forty 21-day-old early weaned piglets (L x Y x D). They were allocated into 4 treatment and 7 replications (4 pigs per pen) according to their initial body weight. Body weight and feed intake were measured biweekly during experimental period. After 6 weeks, 28 pigs were randomly selected and sacrificed to collect plasma, jejunum, and cecal content samples. Results Dietary SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg quadratically increased the average daily gain during the experimental period in the treatment groups when compared with the control group. The albumin levels of piglets fed with the SPL supplemented diet were downregulated to the normal range. Moreover, in feed, SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg improved jejunal histological indices and gene expression levels related to mucin secretion and local inflammation markers. Consistent with these results, adequate SPL supplementation (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the population of Prevotella, a beneficial bacterium, and its short-chain fatty acid production in the ceca of piglets. Conclusions The occurrence of diarrhea after weaning in piglets could be reduced by feeding a 10 ppm of SPL supplemented diet which improves the gut defense system by improving the microbial population and enhancing mucin layer integrity.

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Drinking Water Dysregulates Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in Apoe (-/-) Mice: Molecular Insights Into the Etiology of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edozie Samuel OKPARA ◽  
Wan Yu ◽  
Haibin Huang ◽  
Song Jia ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Abstract Background: Exogenous exposure to cadmium is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but experimental evidence elucidating the molecular events involved is still unclear, hence this study. We investigated whether sub-chronic cadmium exposure alone could cause a disruption in lipid and glucose metabolisms and whether the combined effect of these dysregulations could progressively lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE (-/-) mice. Methods: Experiments were performed in male ApoE (-/-) mice (8 weeks 25 ± 3g; n=60), which were randomly placed into four (4) groups according to body weight and administered cadmium (CdCl2) 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively in drinking water consecutively for 4 months. After treatment, changes in body weight were evaluated and mice plasma was analyzed for LDL, HDL, TCHO, TG, insulin and glucose levels. The collected samples were sent for histological examination in the 4th month and two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results Levels of plasma LDL increased in all treatment groups but was statistically significant in the 4th month across all treatment groups when compared both with the blank control group and the first month mice. Plasma HDL levels were lowered in all treatment groups in the 2nd and 4th months when compared with the 1st month mice. Statistically significant decreases in plasma HDL levels were also observed in the 2nd month in the group receiving CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) when compared with the blank control. TCHO and TG levels increased but was statistically significant in the former in the 1st, 2nd and 4th month at CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and in the latter at the same dose only in the 4th month. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were elevated and lowered, respectively. Histological examination of aortal root also showed a dose-dependent increase in plaque formation, being most visible in the treatment group receiving CdCl2 (200mg/L). Conclusion: In line with our hypothesis, sub-chronic oral exposure of ApoE (-/-) mice to cadmium dysregulated their glucose and lipid profiles and the combined effect of this may be a contributory molecular event in the development of atherosclerosis. Keywords: Cadmium. Atherosclerosis. Glucose dysfunction. ApoE (-/-) mice. Lipid dysfunction. Atherosclerotic plaques

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Sargassum sp. dan Inositol dalam Pakan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Daya Tahan Juvenil Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestari ◽  
E. L. Widiastuti ◽  
N. Nurcahyani ◽  
G. N. Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Commercial Feed

Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) as one of the freshwater fishes, are easily to be cultured but slow in growth rate. One of the ways to enhance their growth rate is by feeding them with high nutritious food. Sargassum sp. and inositol are known compound able to stimulate the growth of some fishes. The study was conducted to determine the effect of Sargassum sp and inositol on commercial feed to the growth rate and survival of juvenile gouramy. The study was conducted from January to April 2015 in Aquatic Laboratory of Biology Department - University of Lampung. Completely randomized designed was used with 4 treatment groups and 5 replications. Anova and Tukey at 5% levels were applied to this study. The result indicated that addition of inositol and Sargassum sp on commercial food significantly affected the gourami growth parameters such as the body weight, body length, body width as well as juvenile gouramy spesific growth rate and their survival rate.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
D. Couri ◽  
R. J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
All Treatment

Chlorine dioxide (CIO2) is currently being considered as an alternate to chlorine as a disinfectant for public water supplies. Studies were conducted to determine the toxicity of CIO2 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L) and its metabolites, CIO-2 and CIO-3 (10, 100 mg/L) in drinking water in rats. After 9 months treatment the osmotic fragility of the red blood cells was decreased in all treatment groups, while a decreased blood glutathione was only observed in the metabolite groups. At 2, 4, and 6 months no significant hematologic changes were noted in treated rats compared to control. However, after 9 months RBC counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were decreased in all treatment groups. CIO2, CIO-2, and CIO-3 administered chronically in drinking water for 3 months inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclei of rat testes. This inhibition was observed in the liver of CIO-2 groups and in the kidney of 100 mg/L CIO2 treatment. The incorporation in small intestinal nuclei was increased in both 10 and 100 mg/L CIO2 and in 10 mg/L CIO-2. The treatment with CI compounds decreased rat body weight in all groups after 10 and 11 months treatment.

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