THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITIVE "SILOGEN" ON THE INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS SILAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
G. C. L. PENNELLS ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Silage Additives

A silage additive (Silogen) consisting of a dried culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus oryzae was tested in a feeding trial with lactating cows and a digestibility trial with sheep, as a means of improving the conservation of nutrients during the ensiling of an orchardgrass-white clover forage. The additive did not influence the composition of the effluent nor the silage with the exception that ADIN/N was 5.4% for the treated compared to 9.0% for the control silage. Lactating cows consumed significantly (P < 0.05) less of the treated silage (10.70 vs. 12.95 kg DM/day) but produced the same amount of milk (25.2 vs. 25.0 kg/day) as the cows fed the control silage, indicative of a greater efficiency of utilization. The silage treated with the additive had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of organic matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen compared to the control silage. It was concluded that the additive was effective in preserving a greater proportion of forage nutrients for utilization by the lactating cow. Key words: Silage additives, intake, digestibility, lactating cows, sheep

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

scholarly journals AN ESTIMATION OF THE VARIABILITY IN THE COMPOSITION OF ORTS FROM FEEDING TRIALS WITH LACTATING COWS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Forage Mixtures

A total of 320 samples of feed refusals (orts) were obtained from 16 cows fed four different forage mixtures. These samples of orts were analyzed for dry matter, protein, acid detergent fiber and lignin. The observations on amount of orts expressed as kilograms of dry matter or percent of intake and the chemical composition of orts were statistically analyzed to determine differences between cows and rations. Regression analyses were run to determine the influence of amount of weighback on its chemical composition. Analyses of the data indicated that there were differences between rations in the degree of selection that cows exhibited for protein and for acid detergent fiber. These data indicated that there are substantial differences among cows in their ability to select components of a mixed silage ration. The results of this study demonstrated the need to obtain individual weighback samples for each cow on a feeding trial rather than obtaining a composite sample. It was suggested that the feeding of complete feeds to lactating cows may not necessarily result in a uniform consumption of nutrients.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

EFFECT OF DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES ON THE APPARENT ABSORPTION OF MAGNESIUM BY WETHER LAMBS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
J. K. THOMPSON ◽  
A. L. GELMAN ◽  
C. S. JESSIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Forage Diets

The apparent absorption of magnesium was found to increase with increasing intakes of digestible organic matter in young wether lambs fed on a variety of forage diets. The addition of corn starch to either grass or grass silage diets did not, however, give a consistent increase in magnesium absorption. Key words: Sheep, Magnesium, energy

IN VITRO DIGESTION OF WHEAT STRAW BY DIFFERENT RUMEN ANAEROBIC FUNGI

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. R. GORDON ◽  
J. R. ASHES
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Digestion

Two types of anaerobic fungi were isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed wheat straw. The fungus producing a mycelium in culture digested significantly more organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose from straw than the type producing a sporangium from "spherical bodies." Key words: Rumen, fungi, straw, fiber digestion

Carrot/grass silage as cattle feed

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Carrots and grass hay were ensiled together, stored in vertical silos, and compared to a bromegrass/alfalfa silage in a feeding trial using 20 weaned cattle. The carrot/grass silage ensiled well and was accepted by the steers. Growth performance was similar for both silages and the cattle responded to barley supplementation. Key words: Cattle, carrots, silage, feed

INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN, RYE AND SORGHUM-SUDAN GRASS SILAGES BY LACTATING COWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Eighteen lactating Holsteins were utilized in a 3 × 3 Latin square (49 d treatment−1) for a comparative estimation of the intake and digestibility of corn, rye and sorghum-sudan grass silages. The dry matter (DM), protein and acid detergent fiber contents were 32.5, 8.0, 27.0; 25.2, 8.7, 45.6 and 22.4, 10.6, 40.7 percent for corn, rye, and sorghum-sudan silages, respectively. Dry matter intake of the silage and milk yield were less (P < 0.05) for cows fed rye silage compared to those fed corn and sorghum-sudan grass silage. Cows lost body weight when fed rye silage but gained weight when fed either corn or sorghum-sudan grass silage. The feeding of rye silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in milk protein percent compared to the feeding of corn or sorghum-sudan silage and in the percentage of milk lactose compared to the feeding of sorghum-sudan grass silage. Molar proportions of rumen acetate were higher (P < 0.05) when cows were fed either rye or sorghum-sudan silage compared to corn silage. Cows fed rye silage had higher molar proportions of rumen propionate and valerate and lower levels of butyrate (P < 0.05) compared to cows consuming sorghum-sudan silage. The digestibility of total ration DM was lower (P < 0.05) when either rye or sorghum-sudan silage was the forage portion of the ration compared to corn. It was concluded from this trial that sorghum-sudan silage provided a suitable source of forage for lactating dairy cows. However, the DM intake and milk yield of cows fed rye silage was less than satisfactory. Key words: Dairy cattle, rye, sorghum-sudan, silage, intake, digestibility

SITES OF ORGANIC MATTER AND PROTEIN DIGESTION IN LACTATING COWS FED FRESH GRASS FROM SPRING TO AUTUMN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. VERITE ◽  
M. JOURNET ◽  
B. REMOND
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Protein Degradability

Broad seasonal variations in duodenal NAN flow were observed with lactating cows fed fresh ryegrass. Lower values were observed during summer when rumen ammonia might have been limiting and during autumn when protein degradability was likely high. Key words: Protein digestion, fresh grass, dairy cows, seasonal variations

Milk production from silage and concentrates containing varying proportions of dried grass and cereals

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Groundnut Meal

SummaryTwenty-eight lactating cows were used in an experiment of changeover design with four periods to evaluate concentrates containing 0, 16, 32, 49, 65, 81 and 97% dried grass. The dry matter of the dried grass was 63% digestible. The concentrates also contained barley, together with groundnut meal to equalize their protein content at approximately 16-5% of dry matter. All animals had grass silage ad libitum and all concentrates were given at the rate of 0·4 kg/kg milk. Milk yield, milk composition and liveweight change were not affected by including dried grass in the concentrate. No significant effect of concentrate on silage intake was obtained. Ration digestibility and nitrogen utilization were measured with four animals per treatment. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen was not reduced by increasing the proportion of dried grass in the concentrate. The efficiency of utilization of apparently digested nitrogen for total productive purposes (body retention and milk nitrogen) was also not affected by the proportion of dried grass.

scholarly journals Assessment of Reference Values for Copper and Zinc in Blood Serum of First and Second Lactating Dairy Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Spolders ◽  
Martin Höltershinken ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
Jürgen Rehage ◽  
Gerhard Flachowsky
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The influence of different copper and zinc contents in rations on blood serum concentrations in dependence on feeding (Groups A and B) and lactation (Lactation 1 and 2) was tested in a feeding trial with 60 German Holstein cows. All animals received a diet based on maize and grass silage ad libitum. 30 cows received a concentrate supplemented with copper and zinc as recommended (Group A), whereas the other 30 animals were offered a concentrate with roughly double the amount of copper and zinc (Group B). Blood samples were taken several times during the lactation to analyse serum concentrations of copper and zinc. Copper serum concentration was influenced neither by the different feeding (11.7 mol/L in Group A and 12.3 mol/L in Group B) nor by the lactation (12.0 mol/L in Lactation 1 and 12.1 mol/L in Lactation 2). Zinc serum concentration was significantly influenced as well as by feeding (14.1 mol/L in Group B and 12.5 mol/L in Group A) and lactation (14.2 mol/L in the second lactation and 12.8 mol/L for first lactating cows). For an exact diagnosis of trace element supply, blood serum is a not qualified indicator; other sources (feedstuffs, liver, hair) must also be investigated.

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