scholarly journals AN ESTIMATION OF THE VARIABILITY IN THE COMPOSITION OF ORTS FROM FEEDING TRIALS WITH LACTATING COWS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Forage Mixtures

A total of 320 samples of feed refusals (orts) were obtained from 16 cows fed four different forage mixtures. These samples of orts were analyzed for dry matter, protein, acid detergent fiber and lignin. The observations on amount of orts expressed as kilograms of dry matter or percent of intake and the chemical composition of orts were statistically analyzed to determine differences between cows and rations. Regression analyses were run to determine the influence of amount of weighback on its chemical composition. Analyses of the data indicated that there were differences between rations in the degree of selection that cows exhibited for protein and for acid detergent fiber. These data indicated that there are substantial differences among cows in their ability to select components of a mixed silage ration. The results of this study demonstrated the need to obtain individual weighback samples for each cow on a feeding trial rather than obtaining a composite sample. It was suggested that the feeding of complete feeds to lactating cows may not necessarily result in a uniform consumption of nutrients.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

scholarly journals Use of dried waste of cassava starch extraction for feeding lactating cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANE FERNANDES ◽  
MAXIMILIANE A. ZAMBOM ◽  
DEISE D. CASTAGNARA ◽  
LEILIANE C. SOUZA ◽  
DAIANE O. DAMASCENO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactating Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.

Fiber degradability, chemical composition and conservation characteristics of alfalfa haylage ensiled with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lynch ◽  
D. Prema ◽  
J. D. Van Hamme ◽  
J. S. Church ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ferulic Acid Esterase ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Lynch, J. P., Prema, D., Van Hamme, J. D., Church, J. S. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2014. Fiber degradability, chemical composition and conservation characteristics of alfalfa haylage ensiled with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 697–704. This study investigated the effects of two fibrolytic enzyme products, applied at baling alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the ensilage dynamics, chemical composition and digestibility of alfalfa haylage. Five replicate wrapped bales were produced with one of five treatments, including an untreated control, and one of two fibrolytic enzyme products (EN1 and EN2) applied either alone or in combination with a ferulic-acid producing bacterial additive (FAEI). No effect of treatment was observed on the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P=0.889) or acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P=0.065) concentrations of haylage after ensilage, but haylage produced using fibrolytic enzyme products underwent greater (P<0.018) increases in temperature following exposure to aerobic conditions. Haylages produced with fibrolytic enzyme products had a greater (P<0.001) in vitro NDF degradability (NDFD) than untreated haylage. The use of fibrolytic enzymes applied to alfalfa haylage at ensiling increased the NDFD, despite minimal effects on the chemical composition of the herbage. However, the greater aerobic deterioration of fibrolytic enzyme-treated bales indicates higher dry matter losses during aerobic exposure. The use of FAEI with fibrolytic enzymes did not further enhance the effects of fibrolytic-enzyme treatments.

THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITIVE "SILOGEN" ON THE INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS SILAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
G. C. L. PENNELLS ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Silage Additives

A silage additive (Silogen) consisting of a dried culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus oryzae was tested in a feeding trial with lactating cows and a digestibility trial with sheep, as a means of improving the conservation of nutrients during the ensiling of an orchardgrass-white clover forage. The additive did not influence the composition of the effluent nor the silage with the exception that ADIN/N was 5.4% for the treated compared to 9.0% for the control silage. Lactating cows consumed significantly (P < 0.05) less of the treated silage (10.70 vs. 12.95 kg DM/day) but produced the same amount of milk (25.2 vs. 25.0 kg/day) as the cows fed the control silage, indicative of a greater efficiency of utilization. The silage treated with the additive had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of organic matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen compared to the control silage. It was concluded that the additive was effective in preserving a greater proportion of forage nutrients for utilization by the lactating cow. Key words: Silage additives, intake, digestibility, lactating cows, sheep

THE FEEDING VALUE OF POTATO STEAM PEEL FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. VAN LUNEN ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A.-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
P. R. DEAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Inclusion Level

Potato steam peel (SP) is a by-product of potato processing where the peel is removed after steaming. It typically contains 15 ± 3% dry matter, 16 ± 1% crude protein, 0.55 ±.05% lysine, 0% methionine/cystine and 6% ash (dry matter basis). Steaming effectively deactivates the proteolytic enzyme inhibitors and partially denatures the starch. SP was evaluated in a digestibility trial and at levels from 0 to 30% DM in two feeding trials. The digestibility (%) of SP by pigs was found to be 88.4 (DM), 80.1 (CP) and 86.1 (DE). In the first feeding trial diets containing levels of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% SP supplemented with methionine resulted in similar growth performance and carcass characteristics. In the second feeding trial, a comparison was made between a constant level of inclusion and an increase in inclusion level with age. Results showed no difference in growth performance or feed consumption among treatments. It is concluded that SP can be incorporated in diets for growing-finishing pigs at levels up to 30% DM. No change in performance resulted from increasing level of inclusion with age. Key words: Potato, steam peel, pigs, digestibility

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF STEAM-TREATED ASPEN AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN SILAGE IN THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Fifteen lactating Holsteins were used to test processed aspen added to corn silage at the levels of 0, 10 and 20% (dry matter basis). The experiment was designed as a latin square with three experimental periods each 42 days in length. The forage mixtures were fed free choice to the cows, which were housed in a free-stall barn, and their individual feed intakes were recorded by using electronic doors. The processed aspen contained 45.4% dry matter, 73.7% acid detergent fiber and 0.54% protein. There was no evidence of heating or mold growth in the aspen during the 5 mo of the trial. Silage dry matter intake and milk yield were 11.8, 13.4 and 13.4 and 25.7, 27.0 and 26.8 kg per day, respectively, for the silage mixtures containing 0, 10 and 20% processed aspen. Fat test was decreased slightly and milk protein content significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by the addition of 20% processed aspen chips to the corn silage. Efficiency of milk yield was not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of aspen chips in the silage. Neither the molar proportion of acetic acid nor the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid was changed when the cows were fed silage containing processed aspen chips. The apparent digestibilities of total ration dry matter and protein were lowered significantly by the addition of 10% aspen chips to the forage mixture. It was concluded from the results of this trial that steam-processed aspen chips had little nutritive value when fed to lactating cows as a partial substitute for corn silage.

Predicting the digestibility of winter deer browse from its proximate composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Mautz ◽  
Helenette Silver ◽  
Haven H. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

Digestion data obtained from feeding trials with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were analyzed for their relationship to concentration of protein, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and gross energy. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant relationship between digestible dry matter, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible ether extract, digestible nitrogen-free extract, and different combinations of the above-mentioned proximate components. Predictive equations are presented for each of these variables. The multiple regression of digestible energy had a standard error representing ± 9% of the estimated mean, while this value for metabolizable energy was ± 12%. The between-animal variation determined during actual Feeding trials was about ± 15% for deer consuming the same browse. The equation for predicting metabolizable energy should have practical use in providing an estimate of winter browse nutritional quality.

The digestibility and acceptability to sheep of chopped or milled barley straw soaked or sprayed with alkali

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez Carmona ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe main objective of the experiments described was to compare the effects of milling straw and/or soaking or spraying it with sodium hydroxide on its digestibility and acceptability to sheep. Some preliminary trials were made in the laboratory to compare different alkali treatments with respect to losses of organic matter, chemical composition and digestibility in vitro.In a feeding trial of Latin-square design, involving six sheep, the following treatments of barley straw were compared: C, chopped; M, coarsely-milled; OIL, chopped and soaked in 1·5% NaOH (9 g NaOH/100 g straw); CIH, chopped and soaked in 3·0% NaOH (18 g/100 g straw); CS, chopped and sprayed with 16 % NaOH (8 g/100 g straw); MS, milled and sprayed with 16 % NaOH. After treatments OIL and CIH the straw was washed; this caused losses of organic matter of 28 and 32%, respectively. For CS and CM the excess NaOH was neutralized by addition of 7·4 ml propionic acid/100 g straw.The straws were given with supplements of purified soya protein, minerals and vitamins. The digestibility of energy for the straw was (%): C, 40·4; M, 39·1; CIL, 65·0; CIH, 64·4; CS, 57·3; MS, 60·2. Dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75 per day) was: C, 26·7; M, 36·2; CIL, 37·1; CIH, 44·2; CS, 48·4; MS 53·6.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

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