SITES OF ORGANIC MATTER AND PROTEIN DIGESTION IN LACTATING COWS FED FRESH GRASS FROM SPRING TO AUTUMN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. VERITE ◽  
M. JOURNET ◽  
B. REMOND
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Protein Degradability

Broad seasonal variations in duodenal NAN flow were observed with lactating cows fed fresh ryegrass. Lower values were observed during summer when rumen ammonia might have been limiting and during autumn when protein degradability was likely high. Key words: Protein digestion, fresh grass, dairy cows, seasonal variations

THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITIVE "SILOGEN" ON THE INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS SILAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
G. C. L. PENNELLS ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Silage Additives

A silage additive (Silogen) consisting of a dried culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus oryzae was tested in a feeding trial with lactating cows and a digestibility trial with sheep, as a means of improving the conservation of nutrients during the ensiling of an orchardgrass-white clover forage. The additive did not influence the composition of the effluent nor the silage with the exception that ADIN/N was 5.4% for the treated compared to 9.0% for the control silage. Lactating cows consumed significantly (P < 0.05) less of the treated silage (10.70 vs. 12.95 kg DM/day) but produced the same amount of milk (25.2 vs. 25.0 kg/day) as the cows fed the control silage, indicative of a greater efficiency of utilization. The silage treated with the additive had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of organic matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen compared to the control silage. It was concluded that the additive was effective in preserving a greater proportion of forage nutrients for utilization by the lactating cow. Key words: Silage additives, intake, digestibility, lactating cows, sheep

MEASUREMENT OF DUODENAL FLOW IN DAIRY COWS BY EITHER TOTAL COLLECTION OR SPOT SAMPLING, USING A SPECIAL CANNULA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ROHR ◽  
M. BRANDT ◽  
P. LEBZIEN ◽  
H. SCHAFFT
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Special Cannula ◽  
Friesian Cows

Duodenal flow as derived from total collection and spot sampling was compared in three Friesian cows, using a re-entrant cannula without transecting the intestine. Cr2O3 was used as a single marker. Small differences in flow of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen indicate that the spot sampling procedure may render valid results. The mean recovery of Cr2O3 was 96.7%. Key words: Cattle, duodenal flow, sampling technique, marker

Nycterohemeral variations of concentration of serum folates in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
M. Bernier-Cardou
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nycterohemeral variations of serum folates were observed under two different management practices in 11 dairy cows. Serum folates were lower (P = 0.0018) during the nonlactating period (9.68 ± 0.65 ng mL−1) than during the lactating period (13.29 ± 0.65 ng mL−1). During the nonlactating period, nycterohemeral variations of serum folates could not be distinguished from experimental error. During the lactating period, expected serum folates did not vary by more than 1 ng mL−1 around their mean. Key words: Serum folates, nycterohemeral variations, lactating cows, nonlactating cows

A new cactus variety for dairy cows in areas infested with Dactylopius opuntiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. F. Monteiro ◽  
M. A. Ferreira ◽  
A. S. C. Véras ◽  
S. I. Guido ◽  
M. P. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Lactating Cows

Spineless cactus is an important part of dairy cow diet in the semiarid Brazilia. Severe infestation of cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell) destroyed a vast area of the most common species of cactus planted in the region; Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. resistant varieties with superior agronomic performance were recently selected, but they still need to be tested with dairy cows. We evaluated the use of a resistant variety, ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM, Opuntia spp.), in dairy cow diet. We tested its effect on intake, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein, blood parameters and performance of lactating cows. Ten cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day were assigned to an experiment using a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. The experimental diets consisted of five replacement levels of Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cv. (‘Miúda’) by ‘OEM’ (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on a dry-matter (DM) basis) and were formulated considering the ingredient composition. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 70:30 on a DM basis. The replacement of ‘Miúda’ by OEM did not change the intake (kg/day) of DM (18.0), organic matter (16.3), crude protein (CP, 2.8), total digestible nutrients (11.6), non-fibre carbohydrates (7.6) and neutral detergent fibre (5.7), or the apparent digestibility (g/kg) of DM (655), organic matter (694), CP (739) and non-fibre carbohydrates (950), whereas apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre increased linearly. Microbial protein production (1.5 g/day), microbial protein efficiency (129.2 g CP/kg total digestible nutrients), plasma urea nitrogen (21.4 mg/dL), nitrogen balance (123 g/day), feed efficiency (1.1), nitrogen efficiency (0.2), milk production (20.0 kg/day), fat-corrected milk production (20.1 kg/day) and milk composition were not influenced by the replacement. Therefore, we recommend the use of OEM in the diet of lactating cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day.

The effect of cereal concentrate supplementation on the digestibility of herbage-based diets for lactating dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Arriaga-Jordan ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Indicators

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted, one with seven and the other with eight lactating cows, to measure the effect of supplementation with a cereal concentrate on the digestibility of fresh herbage and to provide equations relating digestibility of herbage to faecal indicators. Cattle were housed with free access to fresh herbage from individual Calan–Broadbent gates for recording feed intake, and faecal output was estimated by the use of chromic oxide. In both experiments a cereal supplement depressed herbage organic matter digestibility by 8 g/kg for each kg of fresh concentrate provided within the range 1–6 kg. The depression was associated with reduced digestibility of cellulose. Herbage digestibility was significantly related to faecal nitrogen and faecal cellulose. Herbage intake was depressed by concentrate supplementation and the response in milk yield to supplementation was small.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

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