Evaluation of Amino Acid Needs of Large White Male Turkeys on an Age-Adjusted Basis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
P. W. Waldroup . ◽  
J. A. England .
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Male ◽  
Large White

scholarly journals Response of two strains of large white male turkeys to amino acid levels when diets are changed at three- or four-week intervals

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Waldroup ◽  
JA England ◽  
AL Waldroup ◽  
NB Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Male ◽  
Large White ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Minimum levels of inclusion of copper and zinc proteinate amino acid chelates in growing and finishing pig diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hernández ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
D. N. D' Souza ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Finisher Diets

The influence of increasing dietary concentrations of copper (Cu), together with low or high inclusion levels of zinc (Zn), on performance, faecal mineral concentrations and the mineral status of the body was examined in 216 Large White × Landrace pigs (initial weight 27 kg, final weight 107 kg). The base diets were supplemented with combinations of 0, 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg Cu and 40 or 80 mg/kg Zn in the proteinate amino acid chelate form (organic), according to a factorial arrangement of treatments. A control treatment containing levels of Cu and Zn similar to the high organic treatment in the form of sulfate (inorganic) was also included. Blood and faecal samples were collected on Days 21 and 49 of the experiment and tissue samples immediately after slaughter. Across the entire growing and finishing phases, no significant treatment differences (P > 0.05) occurred in pig daily gain or feed intake, although feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of proteinate amino acid chelate. Copper and Zn concentrations in faeces were in direct proportion to their inclusion level in the diet. Blood and tissue mineral concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments. Results showed that reducing Cu and Zn in grower–finisher diets from 50 to 0 mg/kg Cu and from 80 to 40 mg/kg Zn reduced faecal Cu and Zn concentrations by 90 and 40%, respectively, without compromising pig growth. However, when Cu was supplemented at 0 mg/kg, storage of Cu in the liver approached marginal levels, suggesting that some added dietary Cu is needed in grower–finisher diets, especially for pigs reared in commercial conditions.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 3. The effects of amino acid, copper and vitamin B supplements

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Meat Meal

A series of experiments measured the effect of amino acid, copper, and vitamin B supplementation of 80 : 20 wheat--meat meal or wheat-meat and bone meal diets for Large White pigs during the growth phase between 18 and 45 kg liveweight. Diets were fed under a restricted feeding system. The addition of l-lysine to the diet increased nitrogen retention, liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and lean content of the ham in experiment 1, and increased liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency in experiment 2. No response to a lower level of l-lysine was obtained in a third experiment. There was no apparent effect of supplementary dl-methionine, either alone, or in combination with 1-lysine. A 21-fold increase in liver copper levels occurred in pigs supplemented with 250 p.p.m. copper, but no apparent effect on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean in the ham was detected. There was no apparent effect of a supplement containing riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and nicotinic acid on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean content of the ham.

Genotype and fetal size affect maternal­–fetal amino acid status and fetal endocrinology in Large White×Landrace and Meishan pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl J. Ashworth ◽  
Margaret O. Nwagwu ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fetal Size

This study compared maternal plasma amino acid concentrations, placental protein secretion in vitro and fetal body composition and plasma amino acid and hormone concentrations in feto–placental units from the smallest and a normally-sized fetus carried by Large White × Landrace or Meishan gilts on Day 100 of pregnancy. Compared with Large White × Landrace, Meishan placental tissue secreted more protein and Meishan fetuses contained relatively more fat and protein, but less moisture. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, triiodothryonine, thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. In both breeds, fetal cortisol concentrations were inversely related to fetal size, whereas concentrations of IGF-I were higher in average-sized fetuses. Concentrations of 10 amino acids were higher in Large White × Landrace than Meishan gilts, while glutamine concentrations were higher in Meishan gilts. Concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and threonine were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. Average-sized fetuses had higher concentrations of asparagine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine than the smallest fetus. This study revealed novel genotype and fetal size differences in porcine maternal–fetal amino acid status and fetal hormone and metabolite concentrations.

scholarly journals Amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okrouhlá ◽  
R. Stupka ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
M. Šprysl ◽  
E. Kluzáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Meat

The objective of this study was to find out the amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex. In total 80 (40 barrows/40 gilts) finishing pigs of the final hybrid kept in the Czech Republic [(CL &times; CLW) &times; (D &times; PN)] = [(Czech Landrace &times; Czech Large White) &times; (Duroc &times; Pietrain)] were used in this experiment. The pigs were slaughtered at the average age of 168&ndash;171 days after birth, at the average live weight of 112.2 kg. The samples of meat were taken from the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) 24 hours post mortem and subsequently subjected to the chemical analysis. As for the essential and semi-essential amino acids (EAA/SEAA), the highest content was found out in lysine, leucine and arginine. Among the nonessential amino acids (NEAA) glutamic and aspartic acid were present. The highest values of threonine (6.81%), isoleucine (6.13%), leucine (9.21%), lysine (10.54%), arginine (7.88%), serine (6.13%), glutamic acid (15.65%), glycine (6.04%) and alanine (6.25%) were found out in gilts, of valine (6.36%) and proline (5.56%) in the group of barrows with the highest live weight, i.e. 115.1 kg and more. The highest value of phenylalanine (1.34%) was measured in the group with the lowest live weight. The indirect dependence between the content of amino acids and live weight was determined only for valine in gilts. The influence of live weight was found in proline and the influence of sex as statistically significant on the probability level P  0.05 was found in lysine. The highest/lowest values of water content in barrows as well as in gilts were measured in the group of 115.1 kg and more/105.1&ndash;115 kg live weight. A decreasing tendency of the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was recorded with the increasing live weight. The values of water content, IMF and ash content were found to be significant on the probability level P  0.05 and P  0.01. In barrows with the growth of live weight the content of crude proteins also increased. In gilts the content of crude proteins reached the point of inflexion already in the group of 105.1&ndash;115 kg live weight. In the values of crude protein content the influence of live weight was not significant. With the growth of live weight the content of ash also slightly increased. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Porcine perilipin (PLIN) gene: Structure, polymorphism and association study in Large White pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vykoukalová ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
S. Čepica
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Gene Structure ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
I Gene

Perilipin, encoded by the <I>PLIN</I> gene, is a lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that functions as a key regulator of triacylglycerol storage and hydrolysis in adipocytes. In this study, structure and variability of the porcine <I>PLIN</I> gene were characterised. PCR fragments encompassing exons 1 to 9 and interspersed introns were sequenced and the obtained sequence was deposited in EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases (AM931171). Seven silent polymorphisms and one nonsynonymous polymorphism were detected in the coding sequence. The nonsynonymous polymorphism g.627G>A causing an amino acid substitution p.Val3Ile was found only in Meishan and Meishan × Piétrain cross. Associations were studied between loci g.4119A>G and g.7966T>C, and average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT) or lean meat content (LMC) in 166 gilts from two herds. Due to supposed complete linkage disequilibrium between loci g.4119A>G and g.7966T>C only genotype combinations <I>AA-TT, AG-TC</I> and <I>GG-CC</I> were detected. A significant difference (<I>P</I> = 0.0290) between <I>GG-CC</I> and <I>AG-TC</I> genotype combinations for BFT in herd 2 and a suggestive difference (<I>P</I> = 0.0516) between <I>GG-CC</I> and <I>AA-TT</I> genotypes for ADG in herd 1 were detected.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PERIOD OF BOILING FULL-FAT SOYA BEANS ON ITS AMINO ACID PROFILE AND ON PERFORMANCE OF PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
T. F. BALOGUN ◽  
F. G. KAANKUKA ◽  
G. S. BAWA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Amino acid analysis and 2 growth studies were carried out to determine the effect of period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans on their nutritive value for weanling and growing pigs. Soyabeans were boiled in water for 15, 20, 25 or 30 minutes in Experiment 1 and 25, 30, 35 or 40 minutes in Experiment 2. Forty cross-bred (Large White x Hampshire) pigs were used in each of the experiments. Period of boiling had no effect on amino acid analysis of full-fat soyabeans. Weanling pigs had the best growth performance when soyabeans were boiled for 30 minutes ad this was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the soyabean meal control diet. Period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the performance of the heavier pigs, although improvfement was observed up to 30 minutes of boiling.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Combined with Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Associated with Cardiovascular Instability and Neurotoxicity in a Piglet Model of Perinatal Asphyxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Ezzati ◽  
Go Kawano ◽  
Eridan Rocha-Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Alonso-Alconada ◽  
Jane K. Hassell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
White Male ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Effective Adjunct ◽  
Fentanyl Group

The selective α2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine has shown neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sympatholytic properties that may be beneficial in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). As therapeutic hypothermia is only partially effective, adjunct therapies are needed to optimize outcomes. The aim was to assess whether hypothermia + dexmedetomidine treatment augments neuroprotection compared to routine treatment (hypothermia + fentanyl sedation) in a piglet model of NE using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers, which predict outcomes in babies with NE, and immunohistochemistry. After hypoxia-ischaemia (HI), 20 large White male piglets were randomized to: (i) hypothermia + fentanyl with cooling to 33.5°C from 2 to 26 h, or (ii) hypothermia + dexmedetomidine (a loading dose of 2 μg/kg at 10 min followed by 0.028 μg/kg/h for 48 h). Whole-brain phosphorus-31 and regional proton MRS biomarkers were assessed at baseline, 24, and 48 h after HI. At 48 h, cell death was evaluated over 7 brain regions by means of transferase-mediated d-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Dexmedetomidine plasma levels were mainly within the target sedative range of 1 μg/L. In the hypothermia + dexmedetomidine group, there were 6 cardiac arrests (3 fatal) versus 2 (non-fatal) in the hypothermia + fentanyl group. The hypothermia + dexmedetomidine group required more saline (p = 0.005) to maintain blood pressure. Thalamic and white-matter lactate/N-acetylaspartate did not differ between groups (p = 0.66 and p = 0.21, respectively); the whole-brain nucleotide triphosphate/exchangeable phosphate pool was similar (p = 0.73) over 48 h. Cell death (TUNEL-positive cells/mm2) was higher in the hypothermia + dexmedetomidine group than in the hypothermia + fentanyl group (mean 5.1 vs. 2.3, difference 2.8 [95% CI 0.6-4.9], p = 0.036). Hypothermia + dexmedetomidine treatment was associated with adverse cardiovascular events, even within the recommended clinical sedative plasma level; these may have been exacerbated by an interaction with either isoflurane or low body temperature. Hypothermia + dexmedetomidine treatment was neurotoxic following HI in our piglet NE model, suggesting that caution is vital if dexmedetomidine is combined with cooling following NE.

Onset of Spermatogenesis in Meishan and Large White Male Piglets

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Hochereau-de Reviers ◽  
C Perreau ◽  
V Rahal-Perola ◽  
D Royere
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Large White

scholarly journals Feed Access Effects on Serum Metabolites of Hybrid Large White Male Turkeys

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1348-1351
Author(s):  
J.J. CASON ◽  
R.G. TEETER
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites
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