Minimum levels of inclusion of copper and zinc proteinate amino acid chelates in growing and finishing pig diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hernández ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
D. N. D' Souza ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Finisher Diets

The influence of increasing dietary concentrations of copper (Cu), together with low or high inclusion levels of zinc (Zn), on performance, faecal mineral concentrations and the mineral status of the body was examined in 216 Large White × Landrace pigs (initial weight 27 kg, final weight 107 kg). The base diets were supplemented with combinations of 0, 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg Cu and 40 or 80 mg/kg Zn in the proteinate amino acid chelate form (organic), according to a factorial arrangement of treatments. A control treatment containing levels of Cu and Zn similar to the high organic treatment in the form of sulfate (inorganic) was also included. Blood and faecal samples were collected on Days 21 and 49 of the experiment and tissue samples immediately after slaughter. Across the entire growing and finishing phases, no significant treatment differences (P > 0.05) occurred in pig daily gain or feed intake, although feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of proteinate amino acid chelate. Copper and Zn concentrations in faeces were in direct proportion to their inclusion level in the diet. Blood and tissue mineral concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments. Results showed that reducing Cu and Zn in grower–finisher diets from 50 to 0 mg/kg Cu and from 80 to 40 mg/kg Zn reduced faecal Cu and Zn concentrations by 90 and 40%, respectively, without compromising pig growth. However, when Cu was supplemented at 0 mg/kg, storage of Cu in the liver approached marginal levels, suggesting that some added dietary Cu is needed in grower–finisher diets, especially for pigs reared in commercial conditions.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 3. The effects of amino acid, copper and vitamin B supplements

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Meat Meal

A series of experiments measured the effect of amino acid, copper, and vitamin B supplementation of 80 : 20 wheat--meat meal or wheat-meat and bone meal diets for Large White pigs during the growth phase between 18 and 45 kg liveweight. Diets were fed under a restricted feeding system. The addition of l-lysine to the diet increased nitrogen retention, liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and lean content of the ham in experiment 1, and increased liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency in experiment 2. No response to a lower level of l-lysine was obtained in a third experiment. There was no apparent effect of supplementary dl-methionine, either alone, or in combination with 1-lysine. A 21-fold increase in liver copper levels occurred in pigs supplemented with 250 p.p.m. copper, but no apparent effect on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean in the ham was detected. There was no apparent effect of a supplement containing riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and nicotinic acid on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean content of the ham.

scholarly journals 204 Piglets exhibited similar performance when fed OH-methionine or DL-Methionine during the post-weaning period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
M I Gracia Lorenzo ◽  
Yves Mercier ◽  
O Casabuena Rincon ◽  
Jaime Sanchez Laguna ◽  
Dolores I Batonon-Alavo
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This work aimed to compare piglet’s performance when fed DL-Methionine or Hydroxy-Methionine (OH-Met and OH-MetCa) at the requirements of sulfur amino acids (SAA) or above. 720 piglets (♀ large white*landrace x ♂ pietrain*duroc) were weaned at 28 days old (6.84 ± 1.07 kg) and randomly allocated to the experimental treatments for 42 days. The experiment was a factorial design with three Met sources (DL-Met, liquid OH-Met (acid form) or OH-MetCa under powder form) and two doses of SAA. Treatments were formulated to reach the adequate SID SAA/Lys ratio of 58% or exceeded the Spanish nutrient recommendations in SAA by 25% (0.79% SID SAA/Lys). Each treatment was replicated 12 times (6 pens of males and 6 pens of females). Growth performance was measured and data was analysed by mixed-effects models (R Core Team). The body weight was neither affected by SAA level, nor by the Met sources. The daily weight gain (DWG) was not affected by the dietary treatments from 0 to 21 days; whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P=0.01) improved when the SAA level was increased by 25% (1.272 and 1.184) due to the decreased feed intake (P=0.03). Significant interactions were found between the Sex and the SAA level for DWG (P = 0.04) and FCR (P = 0.03) from 0 to 21 days. From day 21 to 42 and from day 0 to 42, no performance criteria were different in all dietary treatments. For all criteria of performance, the three Met sources exhibited a similar response. These results confirmed that Met sources are equivalent in piglets.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and mineral selenium sources on production performance and selected physiological indicators in swine

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 756-763
Author(s):  
Anna Szuba-Trznadel ◽  
Tomasz Hikawczuk ◽  
Adam Ciura ◽  
Bogusław Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted on sows (hybrids of wbp × pbz breeds) and their offspring (until day 75 of life) kept on a farm. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on the production performance of the animals, Se content in their blood, the level of Se in sow’s colostrum, as well as Gpx, haptoglobin and immunoglobulin levels in the serum of sows and their offspring. Experimental feed mixtures for pregnant sows (LP), lactating sows (LK) and piglets (prestarter and starter) in each treatment had an identical basic composition, differing only in the type of selenium forms. Group I received a mineral form of Se in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg; group II received a mixture of a Se amino acid chelate and the mineral form of Se (0.1 mg/kg of each); group III received a Se amino acid chelate (0.2 mg/kg), and group IV received Se-enriched yeasts (0.2 mg/kg). Beneficial effects of the organic forms of Se were evident already in the lactation period. Sows, especially those from group II receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se, had a higher feed intake, which was related to a higher milk production during lactation. As a result, on the weaning day, piglets from this group were significantly heavier than the other piglets. After weaning, as well, the piglets in this group were significantly heavier. These results were confirmed by parameters of blood serum and whey colostrum. Selenium as a chelate was more available than the mineral and enriched yeast forms. For this reason, the animals receiving the chelate were healthier (fewer inflammations were noted). The animals in this group also showed a better feed conversion compared with the others. The Gpx level in sows’ serum varied depending on the treatment. The highest level of this parameter was determined in sows from group III (receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se), and it differed significantly from its value in the control group. The results showed that the Gpx level was related to the Se concentration in blood serum, which was also confirmed by a higher production of selenocysteine (a part of Gpx). Cells of the animals from this group were better protected against free radicals. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of organic Se positively affects the performance of animals, but the recommended level in feed is 0.2 mg/kg of a selenium-containing amino acid....

scholarly journals Extruded soybean in pig feeding in the nursery phase:performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernanda Fonseca Vilela ◽  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Guilherme Resende de Almeida ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by extruded whole soybean in the feeding of pigs in the nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (Landrace x Large White), with 45 days weighing on average 11.36 kg, distributed in arandomized block design, three treatments, six replicates, two animals per repetition were used. The treatments consisted of: control treatment (T1) basal diet, basal diet with 10% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T2), basal diet with 20% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T3). The variables analyzed were: average weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. The levels of ureatic activity, ether extract, crude protein, protein solubility and volatile moisture of extruded soybean were verified. No difference was found (P>0.05) between the inclusion levels of extruded soybean in piglet diets in the nursery phase for the variables studied. The processing of extruded whole soybean did not affect its digestibility. Extrudedsoybeans at a level of up to 20% included in piglet feeding during the nursery phase can be a possible substitute for soybean meal, without compromising the performance of the animals.

Decorticated safflower meal as a protein supplement for sorghum and wheat based pig diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
LJ Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Finisher Diets

Ninety-six Large White pigs were used in four experiments to compare supplements of decorticated safflower meal with soybean meal in either sorghum or wheat based 'grower-finisher' diets. Synthetic lysine, fishmeal and combinations of safflower meal-fishmeal and safflower meal-fishmeal-synthetic lysine were tested as supplements. Decorticated safflower meal was found to be unsatisfactory as the sole supplementary protein source for sorghum and wheat based diets for pigs. The growth response to the safflower meal was increased by the addition of synthetic lysine but the performance of pigs receiving these lysine enriched safflower meal supplements was always inferior to those fed either isonitrogenous soybean meal or fishmeal supplements in both sorghum and wheat based diets. Increasing safflower protein contribution in the safflower mealfishmeal diets resulted in poorer feed conversion ratios and growth rates, particularly when fed to pigs less than 45 kg live weight. The results showed that if safflower meal was to be used in pig diets, it should be used in conjunction with 'lysine rich' protein concentrates and restricted to pigs exceeding 45 kg liveweight.

scholarly journals Effect of Partial and Total Replacement of Raw and Germinated Red Sorghum Instead of Yellow Corn in The Diets on Growth Performance of Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
H. A. Al-Mashhadani ◽  
N. S. Al-Rubaie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Engineering Sciences

Abstract This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm of Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 11/22/2020 to 2/1/2021, to demonstrate the effect of partial and complete replacement of raw and germinated red sorghum instead of yellow corn in the diets on productive performance of broilers. A total of 225 one day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were naturalized in the farm and randomly distributed to five treatments, each treatment divided to 3 replicates and each replicate content 15 chicks (10 males and 5 females). The initial weight of the chicks was from (42 to 44 g). Chicks were fed on the starter diet from 1 _ 10 day of age and grower diet from 11 _ 24 days of age and finisher diet from 25 _ 42 days of age. The raw and germinated red sorghum was partial and total replaced with yellow corn by (24 and 48%) respectively. The data of growth performance were taken at the end of each period. The birds were fed on the one of the following diets: T1: control treatment (content 48% yellow corn); T2: (48% raw red sorghum + 0.0% yellow corn); T3: (48% germinated red sorghum + 0.0% yellow corn); T4: (24% raw red sorghum + 24% yellow corn); and T5: (24% germinated red sorghum + 24% yellow corn). The growth performance data represented by body weight, weight gain rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were taken. The results were showed no significant differences between all transactions in growth performance during the first age period (0-10 days). In the second period (11-24 days), a significant superiority of the T1 and T2 treatments as compared with T3 and T4 treatments for the body weight and weight gain..For the last period (25 - 42 days), no significant differences were observed between all treatments.

High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig. IV. A comparison at two slaughter weights (120 and 200 lb) of diets containing high levels of maize, sorghum, wheat and barley

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large White ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
High Level ◽  
Finisher Diets

Summary:Seventy-two (thirty-six hogs and thirty-six gilts) Large White type weaner pigs were individually and restrictedly fed four diets (as wet mashes) containing high levels (85% in the starter diets and 90% in the finisher diets) of either maize, sorghum, wheat or barley. Thirty-six pigs (nine per treatment) were slaughtered at 120 lb (54 kg approximately) live weight at the end of the period in which the starter diets were fed and the remaining thirty-six at 200 lb (90 kg approximately) live weight at the end of the period in which the finisher diets were fed.In the starter period the growth rates and food conversion efficiencies of the pigs fed the barley- and wheat-based diets were similar but taken together were slightly superior to those of the pigs fed the maize- and sorghum-based diets. Based on determined digestible energy values the caloric efficiency of live-weight growth was significantly better for the barley-based diet than for all other diets. At a slaughter weight of 120 lb the killing out percentage of the pigs fed the maize diet was significantly higher than that of the pigs fed the barley and wheat diets. Iodine numbers of inner and outer backfats were significantly higher in pigs fed maize than in those fed sorghum and wheat and in those fed barley compared with those fed wheat. There were no other differences in carcass measurements or in the percentages of lean, fat and bone dissected from the carcasses. However, the pigs fed barley had (1) significantly smaller middle regions and (2) as percentages of the total tissue within the body, significantly less fat in the middle region but significantly more fat in the shoulder region, than did any of the other pigs.In the finisher period the pigs fed the barley- and wheat-based diets grew significantly faster and converted their food and digestible energy of that food significantly more efficiently than did the pigs fed maize and sorghum. The caloric efficiency of live-weight gain was also significantly greater for the barley-fed pigs compared with those fed wheat. When slaughtered at 200 lb live weight, with the exception of backfat iodine numbers, where identical differences to those recorded at 120 lb were found, there were no significant differences in carcass measurements. On dissection the barley-fed pigs had significantly more lean and significantly less fat in the carcass than did any of the other pigs.

Ultra-violet irradiation of fattening pigs

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker-Love ◽  
R. Laird ◽  
J. M. Thomson ◽  
K. W. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Virus Pneumonia ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Vitamin D Requirements

1. Ninety-six Large White fattening pigs, 8-10 weeks old at the beginning of the trial were used to study the effects of ultra-violet irradiation (22½ hours daily) with and without oxytetracycline supplements of the diet. All meal fed was fortified with vitamin D.2. Under the conditions of this trial ultra-violet irradiation was without effect. Oxytetracycline supplementation resulted in significantly higher live-weight increases, lower age at slaughter and improved feed conversion.3. No significant treatment differences were recorded for any of the carcass measurements.4. Ultra-violet irradiation did not reduce the number of ‘thumping’ pigs nor the degree of lung damage by virus pneumonia, whereas ‘thumping’ was significantly less on the oxytetracycline treatments.5. The results are discussed in relation to vitamin D requirements and the presence of virus pneumonia.

The use of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard when rearing of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. Gamko ◽  
T. Tarinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Meat

It is known that necessary to replace the components of organic acids, which are part of acidifiers when drinking water to poultry in order to prevent the adaptation of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the poultry industry organic acids are widely used, which are used as acidifiers to preserve the properties of water consumed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of broiler meat production when using acidifying agents of drinking water Aquasafe and Veleguard. The experimental part of the work has been performed in JSC “Kurinoe Tsarstvo-Bryansk” broiler area “Roshcha” in the Pochepsky district. The object of research was the livestock of broiler chickens cross Cobb 500 at floor housing. The effect of water acidifiers on meat productivity has been studied. Groups of chickens have been formed on the principle of pairs-analogues. Broiler chickens of experimental groups have been separated from the main livestock by a grid in the corner of the room for 100 heads in each group. It has been found by a result of research to be optimal dose usage of acidifying agents water Aquasafe and Veleguard to drink to broiler chickens. The positive effect of these acidifiers on the digestion of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, contributing to the effective use of nitrogen, which led to an increase in the intensity of growth, young animals’ livability and improved feed conversion. Slaughter yield in the control group was 55,1 %, and in the experimental group 57,2 and 58,4 %, which was by 2,1 and 3,3 % higher with the same level of metabolic energy and nutrients. In chickens that consumed acidifi ers more intensively used nutrients feed for deposition in the body of the components of the carcass, which affected the production. A positive impact of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard on meat quality in broiler chickens has been found.

scholarly journals Role of Chiral Configuration in the Photoinduced Interaction of D- and L-Tryptophan with Optical Isomers of Ketoprofen in Linked Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6198
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Ageeva ◽  
Ilya M. Magin ◽  
Alexander B. Doktorov ◽  
Victor F. Plyusnin ◽  
Polina S. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Amino Acid Properties ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

The study of the L- and D-amino acid properties in proteins and peptides has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as the replacement of even one L-amino acid by its D-analogue due to aging of the body is resulted in a number of pathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A recent trend is using short model systems to study the peculiarities of proteins with D-amino acids. In this report, the comparison of the excited states quenching of L- and D-tryptophan (Trp) in a model donor–acceptor dyad with (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen (KP-Trp) was carried out by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching of the Trp excited states, which occurs via two mechanisms: prevailing resonance energy transfer (RET) and electron transfer (ET), indeed demonstrates some peculiarities for all three studied configurations of the dyad: (R,S)-, (S,R)-, and (S,S)-. Thus, the ET efficiency is identical for (S,R)- and (R,S)-enantiomers, while RET differs by 1.6 times. For (S,S)-, the CIDNP coefficient is almost an order of magnitude greater than for (R,S)- and (S,R)-. To understand the source of this difference, hyperpolarization of (S,S)-and (R,S)- has been calculated using theory involving the electron dipole–dipole interaction in the secular equation.

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