scholarly journals Reflection Losses Analysis from Interspacing between the Cells in a Photovoltaic Module Using Novel Encapsulant Materials and Backsheets

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Shamim ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Adnan Daud Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyolefin

Higher efficiency and output power of a photovoltaic (PV) module can be achieved by minimizing cell-to-module (CTM) power losses. CTM losses are mainly dependent on electrical and optical losses. In this work, reflection losses from interspacing of cells with respect to different encapsulant materials and backsheets are evaluated. Two novel encapsulant materials thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and polybutadiene ionomer are used, in addition to conventionally used ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). Moreover, the effect of using these encapsulant materials separately with Tedlar and Aluminum foil as backsheets is realized. It has been observed that TPO in combination with Tedlar presents minimum reflection losses compared to other encapsulant materials. The reflection losses calculated experimentally with polybutadiene ionomer were 5.4% less than the conventionally used EVA, whereas, the reflection losses calculated experimentally with TPO were 5.9% less than the conventionally used EVA. The experimental results obtained are also validated through simulations.

Determination of the Best Working Conditions for the Recycling of Solar Modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Jiri Vanek ◽  
Petr Maule ◽  
Kristýna Jandová ◽  
Filip Langer
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Pv Module

The work describes experiments conducted on ethylene vinyl acetate layer in samples of photovoltaic module, where it functions as insulation and binder. The degradation was achieved by thermal vacuum oven, in which degradation by heat in common air and nitrogen atmosphere was conducted. The aim of the work was to find the lowest workable temperature and melting conditions for a laminated EVA material and thus to minimize the energy requirements of PV module recycling.

scholarly journals Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2857
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska ◽  
Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Corporate Social

Photovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part of corporate social responsibility to safeguard the environment and to implement a fully material-circulated society without any waste. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer is a thermoplastic containing cross-linkable ethylene vinyl acetate, which is used to encapsulate the photovoltaic cells. The cells are laminated between films of EVA in a vacuum, under compression, and up to 150·°C. The encapsulant’s primary purpose is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of the module together. In the photovoltaic module recycling process, the second important step (after mechanical dismantling of the frame) is EVA lamination removal. In this study, different parameters of the thermal delamination method used during the recycling process were experimentally tested and compared, and the most ecological and economical one is proposed.

The Effect of Booster Reflectors on the Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tabaei ◽  
M. Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Output Power ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

In this work, the experimental results of a designed and installed photovoltaic water pump system with static concentrator are presented. The tests have been conducted in outdoor condition in Kerman (Latitude 30 deg 17′ and longitude 57 deg 50′), Iran. The performance of photovoltaic water pumping system is evaluated for both stainless steel 304 and aluminum foil reflectors. Through this study, it is found that the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system was improved by using these two types of reflectors; but results show that aluminum foil reflector is more efficient than stainless steel 304 reflector. Measurements indicate that output power from the PV panels can be increased in the order of 14% and 8.5% due to the use of aluminum foil and stainless steel 304 reflectors, respectively.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Thermo-Electric Model of the Photovoltaic Module under Outdoor Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Klemen Sredenšek ◽  
Bojan Štumberger ◽  
Miralem Hadžiselimović ◽  
Sebastijan Seme ◽  
Klemen Deželak
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Electric Model ◽  
Pv Module

An operating temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) module greatly affects performance and its lifetime. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate operating temperature of the photovoltaic module in different weather conditions and how it affects its performance. The primary objective of this paper is to present a dynamic thermo-electric model for determining the temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module. The presented model is validated with field measurement at the Institute of Energy Technology, Faculty of Energy Technology, University of Maribor, Slovenia. The presented model was compared with other models in different weather conditions, such as clear, cloudy and overcast. The evaluation was performed for the operating temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module using Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) and Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE). The average RMSE and MAE values are 1.75 °C and 1.14 °C for the thermal part and 20.34 W and 10.97 W for the electrical part.

Crack Self-Healing Properties of Concrete with Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1880-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yu Cao ◽  
Ting Yu Hao ◽  
Bo Su
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Repair Efficiency ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Strength And Toughness

An experimental program was carried out to investigate whether EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) heat-melt adhesive can potentially act as a self-healing agent in cement-based material. The effects of incorporation of EVA and heating on the properties of mortar were studied. Experimental results show that the interface between EVA and cement matrix was well improved after heating, which allows a significant improvement in flexural strength and toughness of specimen; Pre-damaged specimens in various degrees (30%, 50% and 70%) were effectively repaired by EVA and the repair efficiency all exceeded 100%. Keywords:crack; heat-melt adhesive; self-repairing

scholarly journals An Experimental and Comparative Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Khan ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Aqsa Shabir ◽  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Pv Module

The majority of incident solar irradiance causes thermalization in photovoltaic (PV) cells, attenuating their efficiency. In order to use solar energy on a large scale and reduce carbon emissions, their efficiency must be enhanced. Effective thermal management can be utilized to generate additional electrical power while simultaneously improving photovoltaic efficiency. In this work, an experimental model of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generation (PV-TEG) system is developed. Ten bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric modules are attached to the rear side of a 10 W polycrystalline silicon-based photovoltaic module in order to recover and transform waste thermal energy to usable electrical energy, ultimately cooling the PV cells. The experiment was then carried out for 10 days in Lahore, Pakistan, on both a simple PV module and a hybrid PV-TEG system. The findings revealed that a hybrid system has boosted PV module output power and conversion efficiency. The operating temperature of the PV module in the hybrid system is reduced by 5.5%, from 55°C to 52°C. Due to a drop in temperature and the addition of some recovered energy by thermoelectric modules, the total output power and conversion efficiency of the system increased. The hybrid system’s cumulative output power increased by 19% from 8.78 to 10.84 W, compared to the simple PV system. Also, the efficiency of the hybrid PV-TEG system increased from 11.6 to 14%, which is an increase of 17% overall. The results of this research could provide consideration for designing commercial hybrid PV-TEG systems.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Module with Different Passive Cooling Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif bin Azahari ◽  
Chua Yaw Long ◽  
Koh Yit Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems ◽  
Cotton Wick

Abstract This paper analyses the difference in terms of performance of passive cooling systems for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The objective of this paper is to identify which passive cooling systems offers the best results in reducing the operating temperature and improving the generation of output power. The performance of photovoltaic (PV) module will gradually decrease as the operating temperature increases. The energy from the sun’s photons are not enough to knock out the electrons from the atom to generate more electricity. That being the case, two passive cooling systems is developed which is the cotton wick structures with water and aluminium fins were attached to the back side of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The cotton wick structures with water utilises the capillary action of the water to extract excess heat from the module while the aluminium fins act as a heat sink that can remove heat from module to the adjacent air. Results showed that the cooling systems managed to enhance the output power by an average of 3.94% for the module with cotton wick structures with water while an average of 2.67% increment for the module under aluminium fin mounted as the cooling system.

scholarly journals Effect of viscoelasticity of ethylene vinyl acetate encapsulants on photovoltaic module solder joint degradation due to thermomechanical fatigue

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (8S3) ◽  
pp. 08RG03
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Michael Owen-Bellini ◽  
Daniel Montiel-Chicharro ◽  
Thomas R. Betts ◽  
Ralph Gottschalg
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joint ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Thermomechanical Fatigue ◽  
Photovoltaic Module

Influence of Package Construction on Stability of Potato Chips Exposed to Fluorescent Lighting

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. KUBIAK ◽  
J. A. AUSTIN ◽  
R. C. LINDSAY
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Potato Chips ◽  
High Density ◽  
Light Barrier ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

Potato chips packaged in oriented polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/polyvinylidine chloride, high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate plus a UV-light-absorbing compound, or high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate plus a titanium dioxide light-barrier constructions developed distinct oxidized flavors within 7 d when stored at 21°C, 55% relative humidity, and under 140–230 ft candles of continuous fluorescent lighting. Potato chips stored under the same conditions that were packaged in a high-density polyethylene plus titanium dioxide and a brown light-absorbing pigment construction or an aluminum foil/polyethylene construction were stable throughout 10 weeks of storage. Oxygen-barrier film characteristics did not influence the oxidative stability of the air-packaged potato chips.

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