scholarly journals Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2857
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska ◽  
Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Corporate Social

Photovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part of corporate social responsibility to safeguard the environment and to implement a fully material-circulated society without any waste. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer is a thermoplastic containing cross-linkable ethylene vinyl acetate, which is used to encapsulate the photovoltaic cells. The cells are laminated between films of EVA in a vacuum, under compression, and up to 150·°C. The encapsulant’s primary purpose is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of the module together. In the photovoltaic module recycling process, the second important step (after mechanical dismantling of the frame) is EVA lamination removal. In this study, different parameters of the thermal delamination method used during the recycling process were experimentally tested and compared, and the most ecological and economical one is proposed.

scholarly journals Long-term survival of salivary streptococci on dental devices made of ethylene vinyl acetate

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiji Ogawa ◽  
Sayaka Yamasaki ◽  
Mariko Honda ◽  
Yutaka Terao ◽  
Shigetada Kawabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Recyclable amitraz-ethylene vinyl acetate strips used for beehives treatment against Varroa destructor

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Karp ◽  
Julio A Luna ◽  
Luciano N Mengatto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Pollination

In this work, a new recyclable ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based strip impregnated with amitraz (AMZ) was prepared, characterized, and evaluated for the treatment of Apis mellifera against Varroa destructor. Bees are important for natural pollination, honey, and related goods production. Varroa destructor is currently considered one of the major pests and important efforts around the world are focused on methods for varroasis treatment. The procedure of strips preparation presented in this work consisted of two steps: impregnation and molding of impregnated pellets. Differential scanning calorimetry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that AMZ molecule resisted the impregnation and molding conditions. The strips were sufficiently strong to resist destruction by the bees. The final infestation was lower in the hives treated with AMZ/EVA strips than in those treated with commercial strips. In order to check the possibility of recycling, strips were cut into little pieces and were subjected to total AMZ extraction. Finally, the fragments were exposed to re-impregnation and molding. The strips prepared after the recycling process presented the same shape and AMZ load than fresh strips.

scholarly journals Contact-free Determination of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Crosslinking in PV Modules with Fluorescence Emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Morlier ◽  
Marc Köntges ◽  
Susanne Blankemeyer ◽  
Iris Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Contact Free

Non-destructive monitoring of ethylene vinyl acetate crosslinking in PV-modules by luminescence spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Caspar Schlothauer ◽  
Clea Peter ◽  
Christina Hirschl ◽  
Gernot Oreski ◽  
Beate Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals An Accurate Thermoviscoelastic Rheological Model for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Based on Fractional Calculus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Paggi ◽  
Alberto Sapora
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Relaxation Data ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Two Parameter

The thermoviscoelastic rheological properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) used to embed solar cells have to be accurately described to assess the deformation and the stress state of photovoltaic (PV) modules and their durability. In the present work, considering the stress as dependent on a noninteger derivative of the strain, a two-parameter model is proposed to approximate the power-law relation between the relaxation modulus and time for a given temperature level. Experimental validation with EVA uniaxial relaxation data at different constant temperatures proves the great advantage of the proposed approach over classical rheological models based on exponential solutions.

Monitoring crosslinking inhomogeneities in ethylene vinyl acetate photovoltaic encapsulants using Raman microscopy

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (113) ◽  
pp. 93522-93529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Sanoria ◽  
Daniel Ulbricht ◽  
Tobias Schuster ◽  
Robert Brüll
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Pv Modules

Raman microscopy has been used to develop a method to analyze and spatially profile the variation in crosslinking in EVA used for encapsulation of PV modules.

Consolidating Adhesive Project

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (33-34) ◽  
pp. 1731-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ploeger ◽  
C. Del Grosso ◽  
J. A. Poulis ◽  
D. Cimino ◽  
T. Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
New Product ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Recent Formulation ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Initial Focus

ABSTRACTThe consolidating adhesive project is an international collaboration which aims to develop a new adhesive with well characterized physical, optical, and ageing characteristics specific for the consolidation of painted layers. Since starting in 2010, many findings have been made, and new useful polymer-tackifier, and polymer-tackifier-wax blends have been tested. The concept of component miscibility and the effect it has on the final properties of the adhesive is complex, but fundamental to the development of a new product. To quantify the properties conservators most need, the initial focus was on understanding BEVA® 371, a widely used poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) based heat-seal adhesive. It was originally developed as a lining adhesive for paintings, and has been adapted by conservators for a variety of consolidating applications; however, its ideal consolidation performance properties are starting to be out-weighed by concerns regarding its long-term stability, as well as recent formulation changes. There is a need for a new adhesive tailored to the requirements of the conservation field. This paper will discuss the results obtained thus far, and the goals for the future. The project is entering a new phase, where we hope to continue to explore new blends, and have conservator testing on painting mock-ups.

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