scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Thermo-Electric Model of the Photovoltaic Module under Outdoor Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Klemen Sredenšek ◽  
Bojan Štumberger ◽  
Miralem Hadžiselimović ◽  
Sebastijan Seme ◽  
Klemen Deželak
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Electric Model ◽  
Pv Module

An operating temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) module greatly affects performance and its lifetime. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate operating temperature of the photovoltaic module in different weather conditions and how it affects its performance. The primary objective of this paper is to present a dynamic thermo-electric model for determining the temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module. The presented model is validated with field measurement at the Institute of Energy Technology, Faculty of Energy Technology, University of Maribor, Slovenia. The presented model was compared with other models in different weather conditions, such as clear, cloudy and overcast. The evaluation was performed for the operating temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module using Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) and Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE). The average RMSE and MAE values are 1.75 °C and 1.14 °C for the thermal part and 20.34 W and 10.97 W for the electrical part.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Module with Different Passive Cooling Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif bin Azahari ◽  
Chua Yaw Long ◽  
Koh Yit Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems ◽  
Cotton Wick

Abstract This paper analyses the difference in terms of performance of passive cooling systems for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The objective of this paper is to identify which passive cooling systems offers the best results in reducing the operating temperature and improving the generation of output power. The performance of photovoltaic (PV) module will gradually decrease as the operating temperature increases. The energy from the sun’s photons are not enough to knock out the electrons from the atom to generate more electricity. That being the case, two passive cooling systems is developed which is the cotton wick structures with water and aluminium fins were attached to the back side of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The cotton wick structures with water utilises the capillary action of the water to extract excess heat from the module while the aluminium fins act as a heat sink that can remove heat from module to the adjacent air. Results showed that the cooling systems managed to enhance the output power by an average of 3.94% for the module with cotton wick structures with water while an average of 2.67% increment for the module under aluminium fin mounted as the cooling system.

Efficiency Improvement of a Photovoltaic Module Using Front Surface Cooling Method in Summer and Winter Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sainthiya ◽  
Narendra S. Beniwal ◽  
Navneet Garg
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Cooling Method

Photovoltaic (PV) cells exhibit long-term degradation, when its temperature exceeds a certain limit. On the other hand, decreasing the temperature results in lower PV cell efficiency. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the improvements in the output power and efficiency of PV modules using a cooling system based on flowing water on the front surface. Front surface cooling method with the help of a water pumping system is one of the most promising methods for cooling the PV cells. With poly-crystalline PV cells, different water flow rates are experimented, and the output power and the efficiency are computed for different weather conditions. These experiments yield that the cell efficiency is improved by approximately 27.3% in winter conditions and 27.6% in summer conditions.

scholarly journals An Experimental and Comparative Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Khan ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Aqsa Shabir ◽  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Pv Module

The majority of incident solar irradiance causes thermalization in photovoltaic (PV) cells, attenuating their efficiency. In order to use solar energy on a large scale and reduce carbon emissions, their efficiency must be enhanced. Effective thermal management can be utilized to generate additional electrical power while simultaneously improving photovoltaic efficiency. In this work, an experimental model of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generation (PV-TEG) system is developed. Ten bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric modules are attached to the rear side of a 10 W polycrystalline silicon-based photovoltaic module in order to recover and transform waste thermal energy to usable electrical energy, ultimately cooling the PV cells. The experiment was then carried out for 10 days in Lahore, Pakistan, on both a simple PV module and a hybrid PV-TEG system. The findings revealed that a hybrid system has boosted PV module output power and conversion efficiency. The operating temperature of the PV module in the hybrid system is reduced by 5.5%, from 55°C to 52°C. Due to a drop in temperature and the addition of some recovered energy by thermoelectric modules, the total output power and conversion efficiency of the system increased. The hybrid system’s cumulative output power increased by 19% from 8.78 to 10.84 W, compared to the simple PV system. Also, the efficiency of the hybrid PV-TEG system increased from 11.6 to 14%, which is an increase of 17% overall. The results of this research could provide consideration for designing commercial hybrid PV-TEG systems.

scholarly journals Efficient Photovoltaic Module Intergrated with Automatic Cooling System using Arduino

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5521-5526
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module

Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) is an integrated system that produces both electrical and thermal energy simultaneously consist of PV module with heat extracting media for example water or air. The performance of the photovoltaic (PV) module depends upon the operating temperature of the PV module. The problem of non-uniform cooling of PV module can be solved by controlling the operating temperature of PV module systematically therefore, an automatic cooling system using Arduino integrated with PV module has been proposed. A theoretical model in term of heat transfer process analysis and simulation was developed to predict overall thermal-electrical conversion performances of Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) water system. The experimental validation of the used thermal and electrical model has been carried out by measured data. The result shows there is a good agreement between experimental and simulated results. This paper presents the electrical and thermal performance evaluation of Photovoltaic Module Integrated with Automatic Cooling System Using Arduino and comparing its performance with conventional solar PV system.

Improving the Efficiency of Poly-Crystalline Photovoltaic Module Using Special Transparent Glass Covers

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 618-622
Author(s):  
Y. Baradey ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Alam Hawlader ◽  
M. Idres ◽  
S.I. Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Transparent Glass ◽  
Pv Systems

Photovoltaic systems have become recently the most attractive and promising technology compared with other solar energy conversion devices. Solar energy reaches the earth’s surface in wavelengths between 0.300 and 2.50 μm. Silicon based photovoltaic systems convert only the wavelength between 0.35 to 0.82 μm of solar energy to electricity. The rest of incident solar radiation will be converted to heat, which will increase the operating temperature of the device and decrease the output power and efficiency. Maintaining the operating temperature of the PV systems at low and desired value was the main emphasis of different researches through the last decades. In this research, a special transparent glass cover (STGC) was used in order to cool down the photovoltaic module and, therefore, increase the output power and the efficiency of the module. The result showed that STGC led to 2.75% improvement in open circuit voltage, 9.6% increase in short circuit current, 26.4% increase in the output power, and 3% increase in the efficiency of the module.

scholarly journals A Fault Diagnosis Mechanism with Power Generation Improvement for a Photovoltaic Module Array

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Kuei-Hsiang Chao ◽  
Pei-Lun Lai
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Power Operation

This paper aims to develop an online diagnostic mechanism, doubling as a maximum power point tracking scheme, for a photovoltaic (PV) module array. In case of malfunction or shadow event occurring to a PV module, the presented diagnostic mechanism is enabled, automatically and immediately, to reconfigure a PV module array for maximum output power operation under arbitrary working conditions. Meanwhile, the malfunctioning or shaded PV module can be located instantly by this diagnostic mechanism according to the array configuration, and a PV module replacement process is made more efficient than ever before for the maintenance crew. In this manner, the intended maximum output power operation can be resumed as soon as possible in consideration of a minimum business loss. Using a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm, the PV module array is reconfigured by means of switch manipulations between modules, such that a load is supplied with the maximum amount of output power. For compactness, the PSO-based online diagnostic algorithm is implemented herein using a TMS320F2808 digital signal processor (DSP) and is experimentally validated as successful to identify a malfunctioning PV module at the end of this work.

scholarly journals Reflection Losses Analysis from Interspacing between the Cells in a Photovoltaic Module Using Novel Encapsulant Materials and Backsheets

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Shamim ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Adnan Daud Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyolefin

Higher efficiency and output power of a photovoltaic (PV) module can be achieved by minimizing cell-to-module (CTM) power losses. CTM losses are mainly dependent on electrical and optical losses. In this work, reflection losses from interspacing of cells with respect to different encapsulant materials and backsheets are evaluated. Two novel encapsulant materials thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and polybutadiene ionomer are used, in addition to conventionally used ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). Moreover, the effect of using these encapsulant materials separately with Tedlar and Aluminum foil as backsheets is realized. It has been observed that TPO in combination with Tedlar presents minimum reflection losses compared to other encapsulant materials. The reflection losses calculated experimentally with polybutadiene ionomer were 5.4% less than the conventionally used EVA, whereas, the reflection losses calculated experimentally with TPO were 5.9% less than the conventionally used EVA. The experimental results obtained are also validated through simulations.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Design of Power Controller of Two-Axis Solar Tracking by PID and FL for a Photovoltaic Module

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel J. Ontiveros ◽  
Carlos D. Ávalos ◽  
Faustino Loza ◽  
Néstor D. Galán ◽  
Guillermo J. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Solar Tracker

Solar trackers represent an essential tool to increase the energy production of photovoltaic modules compared to fixed systems. Unlike previous technologies where the aim is to keep the solar rays perpendicular to the surface of the module and obtain a constant output power, this paper proposes the design and evaluation of two controllers for a two-axis solar tracker, which maintains the power that is produced by photovoltaic modules at their nominal value. To achieve this, mathematical models of the dynamics of the sun, the solar energy obtained on the Earth’s surface, the two-axis tracking system in its electrical and mechanical parts, and the solar cell are developed and simulated. Two controllers are designed to be evaluated in the solar tracking system, one Proportional-Integral-Derivative and the other by Fuzzy Logic. The evaluation of the simulations shows a better performance of the controller by Fuzzy Logic; this is because it presents a shorter stabilization time, a transient of smaller amplitude, and a lower percentage of error in steady-state. The principle of operation of the solar tracking system is to promote the orientation conditions of the photovoltaic module to generate the maximum available power until reaching the nominal one. This is possible because it has a gyroscope on the surface of the module that determines its position with respect to the hour angle and altitude of the sun; a data acquisition card is developed to implement voltage and current sensors, which measure the output power it produces from the photovoltaic module throughout the day and under any weather conditions. The results of the implementation demonstrate that a Fuzzy Logic control for a two-axis solar tracker maintains the output power of the photovoltaic module at its nominal parameters during peak sun hours.

scholarly journals Proposed Models to Improve Predicting the Operating Temperature of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies under Various Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7064
Author(s):  
Dang Phuc Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Kristiaan Neyts ◽  
Johan Lauwaert
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Silicon Thin Film ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

The operating temperature is an essential parameter determining the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module. Moreover, the estimation of the temperature in the absence of measurements is very complex, especially for outdoor conditions. Fortunately, several models with and without wind speed have been proposed to predict the outdoor operating temperature of a PV module. However, a problem for these models is that their accuracy decreases when the sampling interval is smaller due to the thermal inertia of the PV modules. In this paper, two models, one with wind speed and the other without wind speed, are proposed to improve the precision of estimating the operating temperature of outdoor PV modules. The innovative aspect of this study is two novel thermal models that consider the variation of solar irradiation over time and the thermal inertia of the PV module. The calculation is applied to different types of PV modules, including crystalline silicon, thin film as well as tandem technology at different locations. The models are compared to models that are described in the literature. The results obtained in different time steps show that our proposed models achieve better performance and can be applied to different PV technologies.

Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaluddin . ◽  
Baharuddin Mire
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module. 

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