scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorazd Fajdiga ◽  
Denis Rajh ◽  
Branko Nečemer ◽  
Srečko Glodež ◽  
Matjaž Šraml
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
International Standard Organisation ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Wood Fibres

The objective of this paper is the computational and experimental study of the fracture behavior of spruce wood under quasi-static loading conditions during a three-point bending test. The experimental tests were performed on the electronic testing machine Zwick Z100 (Zwick-Roell GmbH & Co. KG, Ulm, Germany) with displacement control, according to the standard International Standard Organisation (ISO) 13061-4: 2014. The specimens were made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm in cross-section and 549 mm in length. Six tests were performed for each orientation (radial and tangential) of the wood fibres. Based on the experimental results, the computational model was created and validated by considering the mechanical responses in two different directions due to the orientation of the wood fibres. An orthotropic material model with damage evolution was selected as the computational model. The computational model was validated using the inverse procedure for the determination of the constitutive material parameters, including the damage parameters of three-point bending test specimens. A finite element method (FEM) in the framework of program package ABAQUS was used for the computational simulation, while the open code Optimax was used for the optimization procedure. Comparison between the experimental and computational force vs. the displacement response showed a very good correlation in the results for the spruce wood specimens under three-point bending tests, with Pearson′s correlation coefficient of r = 0.994 for the tangential and r = 0.988 for the radial orientation. Therefore, validation of the proposed computational model was confirmed, and can be used further in numerical simulations of the fatigue behavior of wood specimens.

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Nano Sized Clay/LDH Particle as Hybrid Nano Composite Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
S. Sivasaravanan ◽  
V.K. Bupesh Raja ◽  
S. Prabhu ◽  
S. Dineshkumar ◽  
Gokulaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexural Property ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Sonication Technique

Usage of Hybrid nanocomposite materials provides a greater opportunity to replace the conventional materials due to their properties such as light weight and high strength to based on weight ratio. In this synergitic study, nanosized clay particle and layered double hydroxide particles are used. nanoclay and LDH particles were mixed on the bases of weight percentage (1wt% to 5wt%) by ultra sonication technique. The composite material was fabricated by one of the most common method known as hand lay-up technique. The composite materials was prepared in the form of plate with 4mm of thickness.The characterization of tensile and flexural property of the nanoclay, LDH and combination of both was analysis by tensile test using universal testing machine and three point bending test respectively. The tensile and three point bending test specimens were cut to size as per ASTM standard.The morphology of composite was studied using SEM analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of Veneering Ceramic and Methods on Failure Load of Veneered Zirconia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Hattanas Kumchai ◽  
Patrapan Juntavee ◽  
Arthur F. Sun ◽  
Dan Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Load To Failure ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Feldspathic Porcelain ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: A variety of veneering options to zirconia frameworks are now available. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of veneer materials, veneering methods, cement materials, and aging on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. Material and methods: Zirconia bars (20 × 4 × 1 mm) were veneered to 2 mm total thickness (n = 10/group). Veneering method groups included: 1. Hand-layered feldsparthic porcelain (VM = Vita VM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (CR = IPS e.max Ceram, IvoclarVivadent); 2. Pressed feldspathic porcelain (PM = Vita PM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (ZP = IPS e.max ZirPress, IvoclarVivadent); 3. CAD-/CAM-milled feldspathic ceramic (TF = Vitablocs Triluxe Forte, Vident) and lithium-disilicate glass–ceramic (CAD = IPS e.max CAD, IvoclarVivadent). CAD/CAM veneers were either cemented with resin cements (P = Panavia21, KurarayDental), (R = RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE), (M = Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent) or fused with fusion glass–ceramic (C = CrystalConnect, IvoclarVivadent). A three-point bending test (15 mm span, zirconia on tension side) was performed on Instron universal testing machine (ISO 6872) recording load-to-failure (LTF) of first veneer cracks or catastrophic failure. For group VM, PM, TF-M, TF-C, CAD-M, CAD-C, ten more bars were prepared and aged with cyclic loading (100,000 cycles, 50% LTF) and thermocycling (2000 cycles) before testing. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests, and t-test (α = 0.05). Zirconia veneered with IPS e.max CAD by fusing had significantly higher failure load compared with zirconia veneered with other veneering materials. (p ≤ 0.05). For cemented veneers, the cement type had a significant effect on the failure load of the veneer zirconia specimens. Specimens cemented with Panavia 21 had a lower resistance to loading than other cements. The aging experiment revealed a significant difference in failure load between non-aged and aged bars in groups VM and PM, but not in the groups with CAD-/CAM-milled veneers. In conclusion, veneer materials, veneering methods, and cement materials have a significant effect on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. CAD-/CAM-milled veneer zirconia is not susceptible to aging performed in this study.

DETERMINATION OF DELAMINATION SIZE IN HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzyzan Ramly ◽  
Wahyu Kuntjoro ◽  
Wirachman Wisnoe ◽  
Rizal Effendy Mohd Nasir ◽  
Aman Mohd Ihsan Mamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Element Method

This paper describes the determination of a relative delamination size of the skin to the honeycomb core of the honeycomb sandwich panel using the Finite Element Method approach. In the analysis, the honeycomb sandwich panel was modelled in the actual dimension using CATIA. The delamination of two different sizes (10 mm diameter and 30 mm diameter) were modelled to simulate the delamination cases. Using Nastran/Patran, the models underwent a three-point-bending test in order to simulate a result. The results were compared between the case of no delamination, 10 mm delamination, and 30 mm delamination. From the simulation, there was a significant difference of displacement of the skin (facing) between the 10 mm diameter delamination and the 30 mm diameter delamination.  

scholarly journals Effect of Glazing on Flexural Strength of Full-Contour Zirconia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattanas Kumchai ◽  
Patrapan Juntavee ◽  
Arthur F. Sun ◽  
Dan Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glazing on flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia materials. Materials and Methods. Specimens of three brands of zirconia bars (Prettau Zirconia, Zirkonzahn; inCoris TZI, Sirona; and Zirlux FC, Pentron Ceramics) were prepared and polished according to manufacturers’ instructions. Final specimen dimensions were 20 × 4 × 2 mm. The specimens from each brand were divided into 3 groups (N = 10): control, heat-treated, and glazed. Heat-treated specimens were fired without the application of the glaze material. The glaze material was applied to the glazed specimens before being fired. A three-point bending test (15 mm span) was performed in an Instron universal testing machine (ISO 6872). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant influence of surface treatments on flexural strength of zirconia materials (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in flexural strength among the different brands of highly translucent zirconia (P≥0.05). Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that specimens in the “glazed” group had significantly lower flexural strength than the control and heat-treated groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of the study, external glazing decreased the flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia.

Research on Fatigue Behavior of Beam with Corrugated Steel Webs

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Hu ◽  
Lian Fei Tan ◽  
Qing Xuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Corrugated Webs ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Corrugated Steel Web

This paper present that experimental research on the fatigue behavior of beam with Q345c steel corrugated webs. There are four test specimens with different structural feature will be tested in three-point bending to load by Shinmadzu 4890 fatigue testing machine. Moreover, the finite-element analysis will be used to simulate the fatigue behavior of common beam with corrugated steel web. Weld will be our focus on importance object.

Determination of creep parameters from three-point bending test with C-shape specimen

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Yan Zhou ◽  
Fakun Zhuang ◽  
Shan-Tung Tu ◽  
Fu-Zhen Xuan ◽  
Zhengdong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending

Extensive Assessment of the Physical, Mechanical, and Adhesion Behavior of a Low-viscosity Bulk Fill Composite and a Traditional Resin Composite in Tooth Cavities

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. E159-E166 ◽  
Author(s):  
RX Sousa-Lima ◽  
LJA Silva ◽  
LVF Chaves ◽  
S Geraldeli ◽  
RCB Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Shrinkage Stress ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Bottom To Top ◽  
Push Out

SUMMARY Objectives: To compare the degree of conversion (DC), depth of polymerization (DP), shrinkage stress (SS), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), and bond strength (BS) of a low-viscosity bulk fill resin composite and a paste-like traditional composite. Methods: Tetric Evo-Flow Bulk Fill (TBF) and Empress Direct (ED; Ivoclar Vivadent) composites were used. DC (%) and FS/EM (MPa/GPa) were evaluated in bar specimens (7×2×1 mm; n=10) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine (UTM), respectively. For DP and BS tests, conical cavities (n=10) were prepared in bovine dentin and restored with the composites. DP was analyzed by calculating the bottom-to-top surface microhardness ratio (BTHR), and BS (MPa) was determined by push-out testing in the UTM. SS (MPa) was measured for one increment of TBF and two increments of ED in a UTM attached to an extensometer (n=5). Data were analyzed using Student t-test and analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results: TBF presented higher values than ED for DC (85.7±6.6% vs 54.2±4.9%) and BS (0.95±0.70 MPa vs 0.35±0.15 MPa). TBF values were lower than ED values for FS (76.6±16.8 MPa vs 144.9±24.1 MPa) and maximum SS (0.77±0.07 MPa vs 1.07±0.15 MPa). TBF and ED values were similar for BTHR (0.83±0.16 vs 0.84±0.08) and EM (11.5±2.8 GPa vs 12.5±2.6 GPa). Conclusions: The physical and mechanical properties of TBF, a bulk fill resin composite, were similar or superior to those of ED, a conventional composite, with the exception of FS measurements.

scholarly journals The position effect of structural Eucalyptus round timber on the flexural modulus of elasticity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L Christoforo ◽  
Túlio H Panzera ◽  
Fabiano B Batista ◽  
Paulo H. R Borges ◽  
Francisco A. R Lahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Timber Element ◽  
Round Timber

Round timber has great use in civil construction, performing the function of beams, columns, foundations, poles for power distribution among others, with the advantage of not being processed, such as lumber. The structural design of round timber requires determining the elastic properties, mainly the modulus of elasticity. The Brazilian standards responsible for the stiffness and strength determination of round timber are in effect for over twenty years with no technical review. Round timber, for generally present an axis with non-zero curvature according to the position of the element in the bending test, may exhibit different values of modulus of elasticity. This study aims to analyze the position effect of Eucalyptus grandis round timber on the flexural modulus of elasticity. The three-point bending test was evaluated in two different positions based on the longitudinal rotation of the round timber element. The results revealed that at least two different positions of the round timber element are desired to obtain significant modulus of elasticity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document