scholarly journals Effects of Veneering Ceramic and Methods on Failure Load of Veneered Zirconia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Hattanas Kumchai ◽  
Patrapan Juntavee ◽  
Arthur F. Sun ◽  
Dan Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Load To Failure ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Feldspathic Porcelain ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: A variety of veneering options to zirconia frameworks are now available. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of veneer materials, veneering methods, cement materials, and aging on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. Material and methods: Zirconia bars (20 × 4 × 1 mm) were veneered to 2 mm total thickness (n = 10/group). Veneering method groups included: 1. Hand-layered feldsparthic porcelain (VM = Vita VM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (CR = IPS e.max Ceram, IvoclarVivadent); 2. Pressed feldspathic porcelain (PM = Vita PM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (ZP = IPS e.max ZirPress, IvoclarVivadent); 3. CAD-/CAM-milled feldspathic ceramic (TF = Vitablocs Triluxe Forte, Vident) and lithium-disilicate glass–ceramic (CAD = IPS e.max CAD, IvoclarVivadent). CAD/CAM veneers were either cemented with resin cements (P = Panavia21, KurarayDental), (R = RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE), (M = Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent) or fused with fusion glass–ceramic (C = CrystalConnect, IvoclarVivadent). A three-point bending test (15 mm span, zirconia on tension side) was performed on Instron universal testing machine (ISO 6872) recording load-to-failure (LTF) of first veneer cracks or catastrophic failure. For group VM, PM, TF-M, TF-C, CAD-M, CAD-C, ten more bars were prepared and aged with cyclic loading (100,000 cycles, 50% LTF) and thermocycling (2000 cycles) before testing. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests, and t-test (α = 0.05). Zirconia veneered with IPS e.max CAD by fusing had significantly higher failure load compared with zirconia veneered with other veneering materials. (p ≤ 0.05). For cemented veneers, the cement type had a significant effect on the failure load of the veneer zirconia specimens. Specimens cemented with Panavia 21 had a lower resistance to loading than other cements. The aging experiment revealed a significant difference in failure load between non-aged and aged bars in groups VM and PM, but not in the groups with CAD-/CAM-milled veneers. In conclusion, veneer materials, veneering methods, and cement materials have a significant effect on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. CAD-/CAM-milled veneer zirconia is not susceptible to aging performed in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Glazing on Flexural Strength of Full-Contour Zirconia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattanas Kumchai ◽  
Patrapan Juntavee ◽  
Arthur F. Sun ◽  
Dan Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glazing on flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia materials. Materials and Methods. Specimens of three brands of zirconia bars (Prettau Zirconia, Zirkonzahn; inCoris TZI, Sirona; and Zirlux FC, Pentron Ceramics) were prepared and polished according to manufacturers’ instructions. Final specimen dimensions were 20 × 4 × 2 mm. The specimens from each brand were divided into 3 groups (N = 10): control, heat-treated, and glazed. Heat-treated specimens were fired without the application of the glaze material. The glaze material was applied to the glazed specimens before being fired. A three-point bending test (15 mm span) was performed in an Instron universal testing machine (ISO 6872). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant influence of surface treatments on flexural strength of zirconia materials (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in flexural strength among the different brands of highly translucent zirconia (P≥0.05). Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that specimens in the “glazed” group had significantly lower flexural strength than the control and heat-treated groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of the study, external glazing decreased the flexural strength of highly translucent zirconia.

scholarly journals Comparison of CAD/CAM manufactured implant-supported crowns with different analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Yeğin ◽  
Mustafa Hayati Atala
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Monolithic Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Load To Failure ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Failure Loads ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Present study compared the failure load of CAD/CAM-manufactured implant-supported crowns and the stress distribution on the prosthesis-implant-bone complex with different restoration techniques. Methods The materials were divided into four groups: group L-M: lithium disilicate ceramic (LDS, monolithic), group L-V: LDS ceramic (veneering), group ZL-M: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS, monolithic), group ZL-V: ZLS ceramic (veneering). Crown restorations were subjected to load-to-failure test (0.5 mm/min). Failure loads of each group were statistically analyzed (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey HSD, α = 0.05). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to compare the stress distribution of crown restorations. Results Group L-M had the highest failure load (2891.88 ± 410.12 N) with a significant difference from other groups (p < 0.05). Although there was a significant difference between group ZL-M (1750.28 ± 314.96 N) and ZL-V (2202.55 ± 503.14 N), there was no significant difference from group L-V in both groups (2077.37 ± 356.59 N) (p > 0.05). Conclusions The veneer application had opposite effects on ceramics, increased the failure load of ZLS and reduced it for LDS without a statistically significant difference. Both materials are suitable for implant-supported crowns. Different restorative materials did not influence the stress distribution, but monolithic restorations reduced the stress concentration on the implant and bone.

scholarly journals Effect of Preheating on the Mechanical Properties of Resin Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Betül Uctasli ◽  
Hacer Deniz Arisu ◽  
Lippo VJ Lasilla ◽  
Pekka K Valittu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Commercial Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength and modulus of two commercial resin composites, at room temperature and 40, 45 and 50�C prior to light polymerization with standard and step-cure protocols.Methods: One nanohybrid (Grandio, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), and microhybrid compositeresin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were used. The materials were inserted into rectangular moulds at room temperature or preheated to a temperature of 40, 45 or 50°C and cured with standard or step-cure protocols with high intensity halogen (Elipar Highlight, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Ten specimens were prepared for each preheating and light curing protocol. A three-point bending test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P<.05) to examine the effect of curing protocol and preheating. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the correlation between tested mechanical properties and preheating.Results: There were no statistically significant difference between tested mechanical properties of the materials, curing protocols and temperature of the materials. No significant correlation was found between preheating and tested mechanical properties.Conclusions: The mechanical properties of the tested materials did not changed by preheating so the tested materials could be preheated because of the other potential clinical advantages like more adaptation to the cavity walls. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:263-268)

scholarly journals PENGARUH POSISI SERAT KACA (FIBERGLASS) YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KEKUATAN FLEKSURAL FIBER REINFORCED ACRYLIC RESIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Aprilia Dian Fatimina ◽  
Benni Benyamin ◽  
Helmi Fathurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: One of factor that increases the flexural strenght of fiberreinforced acrylic resin is a fiberglass position . Fiberglass is one of type that can be used in dentistry. The aim of this was to determine the influence of position of fiberglass to the flexural strenght of fiber reinforced acrylic resin.Method: This study was in vitro laboratory experimental. Samples was 16plate spesimens (65x10x2.5mm). The study group was divided into 4 group : 3 groups of fiber reinforced acrylic resin were given fiberglass at the upper, middle, and bottom side and 1 control group of resin acrylic without fiberglass. All of groups would be in the flexural strenght test with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine.Result: Based on One Way ANOVA test showed that there were significantvalue 0.000 (p<0.05), it concluded that there were significant influencebetween all the groups. Based on the LSD Post Hoc test showed that therewere significant value between all of groups with fiberglass reinforced andcontrol group without fiberglass reinforced. Comparisson between the group that given fiberglass in a upper and middle side with the group that given in bottom side showed value of significant difference (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The result of study was concluded that there was an influenceon the position of fiberglass to flexural strenght of fiber reinforced acrylic resin

scholarly journals Surface Properties of Polymer Resins Fabricated with Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Amal S. Al-Qahtani ◽  
Huda I. Tulbah ◽  
Mashael Binhasan ◽  
Maria S. Abbasi ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This study aimed to compare the surface roughness, hardness, and flexure strength of interim indirect resin restorations fabricated with CAD-CAM (CC), 3D printing (3D), and conventional techniques (CV). Twenty disk (3 mm × Ø10 mm) and ten bar specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were fabricated for the CC, 3D, and CV groups, to be used for surface roughness, micro-hardness, and flexural strength testing using standardized protocol. Three indentations for Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) were performed on each disk and an average was identified for each specimen. Surface micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated in micrometers (μm) using a 3D optical non-contact surface microscope. A three-point bending test with a universal testing machine was utilized for assessing flexural strength. The load was applied at a crosshead speed of 3 mm/min over a distance of 25 mm until fracture. Means and standard deviations were compared using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey–Kramer tests, and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ra was significantly different among the study groups (p < 0.05). Surface roughness among the CC and CV groups was statistically comparable (p > 0.05). However, 3D showed significantly higher Ra compared to CC and CV samples (p < 0.05). Micro-hardness was significantly higher in 3D samples (p < 0.05) compared to CC and CV specimens. In addition, CC and CV showed comparable micro-hardness (p > 0.05). A significant difference in flexural strength was observed among the study groups (p < 0.05). CC and 3D showed comparable strength outcomes (p > 0.05), although CV specimens showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) strength compared to CC and 3D samples. The 3D-printed provisional restorative resins showed flexural strength and micro-hardness comparable to CAD-CAM fabricated specimens, and surface micro-roughness for printed specimens was considerably higher compared to CAD-CAM and conventional fabrication techniques.

scholarly journals Flexural Strength of Composite Based Provisional Crown Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Osama Qutub ◽  
Salman Khalid Bashnani ◽  
Faisal Khalid Bashnaini
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: One of the important aspects of provisional restorations, especially in case of long-span edentulous situations, short-height pontics, extended treatment time and in patients with para-functional habits is their flexural strength. Maintaining the integrity of the provisional restorations throughout the course of treatments is highly valuable and important to have a predictable outcome. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the flexural strength of composite based provisional materials. Materials and Methods: Materials: Group 1, conventional bisacryl composite material (Protemp 4, 3M). Group 2, Computer Assisted Designing - Computer Assisted Milling (CAD-CAM) composite provisional material (CAD Temp). Method: Twenty identical specimens sized 25×2×2-mm were prepared from each material. A standard three-point bending test was conducted on the specimens with a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed, and the flexural strength values were calculated (MPa) for each specimen. The flexural strength data were statistically analyzed using T-Test. Results: The measured mean flexural strength values (MPa) were as follow: group1 = 99.38 in comparison to group 2 = 92.06. There were statistically significant differences among the flexural strengths of tested materials (P < 0.05), The conventional group had significantly higher flexural strength than the CAD/CAM group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the bisacryl composite resin (Protemp 4) provisional material has superior flexural strength than CAD/CAM composite material. Although many authors recommended the use of CAD/CAM provisional materials, this study prove that the material composition is as important as the material method of fabrication.

scholarly journals Influence of Alumina Air-Abrasion on Flexural and Shear Bond Strengths of CAD/CAM Composite

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Pirat Karntiang ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Yuki Nagamatsu ◽  
Hiroshi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Bond Strengths

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of alumina air-abrasion on flexural and bond strengths of CAD/CAM composites. The flexural strength (FS) of two brands of commercial CAD/CAM composites was investigated by the three-point bending test using two specimen designs: the single-bar according to the ISO standard and the bonded-double-bar fabricated by bonding two bars with a resin cement. The bond strength between the composites and the resin cement was measured by a conventional shear bond strength (SBS) test. The FS of single-bar specimens was significantly decreased by the air-abrasion. For the FS of the bonded-double-bar specimen, on the other hand, there was no significant difference between the specimens with/without air-abrasion. The SBS for the composites was significantly increased by air-abrasion. The results suggest that alumina air-abrasion improves the SBS of the composites while weakening its FS. Contrarily, the FS of the air-abraded composite did not decrease when the composites were bonded with the resin cement.

scholarly journals Fracture Load of Metal, Zirconia and Polyetheretherketone Posterior CAD-CAM Milled Fixed Partial Denture Frameworks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Verónica Rodríguez ◽  
Celia Tobar ◽  
Carlos López-Suárez ◽  
Jesús Peláez ◽  
María J. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Weibull Statistics ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to investigate the load to fracture and fracture pattern of prosthetic frameworks for tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated with different subtractive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. Materials and Methods: Thirty standardized specimens with two abutments were fabricated to receive three-unit posterior FDP frameworks with an intermediate pontic. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) according to the material: group 1 (MM)—milled metal; group 2 (L)—zirconia; and group 3 (P)—Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The specimens were thermo-cycled and subjected to a three-point bending test until fracture using a universal testing machine (cross-head speed: 1 mm/min). Axial compressive loads were applied at the central fossa of the pontics. Data analysis was made using one-way analysis of variance, Tamhane post hoc test, and Weibull statistics (α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed among the groups for the fracture load (p < 0.0001). MM frameworks showed the highest fracture load values. The PEEK group registered higher fracture load values than zirconia samples. The Weibull statistics corroborated these results. The fracture pattern was different among the groups. Conclusions: Milled metal provided the highest fracture load values, followed by PEEK, and zirconia. However, all tested groups demonstrated clinically acceptable fracture load values higher than 1000 N. PEEK might be considered a promising alternative for posterior FPDs.

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Nano Sized Clay/LDH Particle as Hybrid Nano Composite Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
S. Sivasaravanan ◽  
V.K. Bupesh Raja ◽  
S. Prabhu ◽  
S. Dineshkumar ◽  
Gokulaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexural Property ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Sonication Technique

Usage of Hybrid nanocomposite materials provides a greater opportunity to replace the conventional materials due to their properties such as light weight and high strength to based on weight ratio. In this synergitic study, nanosized clay particle and layered double hydroxide particles are used. nanoclay and LDH particles were mixed on the bases of weight percentage (1wt% to 5wt%) by ultra sonication technique. The composite material was fabricated by one of the most common method known as hand lay-up technique. The composite materials was prepared in the form of plate with 4mm of thickness.The characterization of tensile and flexural property of the nanoclay, LDH and combination of both was analysis by tensile test using universal testing machine and three point bending test respectively. The tensile and three point bending test specimens were cut to size as per ASTM standard.The morphology of composite was studied using SEM analysis.

scholarly journals LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Nemesio de Barros Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Silami de Magalhães ◽  
Bruno Daleprane ◽  
Rogéli Tibúrcio Ribeiro da Cunha Peixoto ◽  
Raquel da Conceição Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Thickness

The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.

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