Improving Wettability of PoIyMethylMetiiAcrylate by Ar+ ion Irradiation in Oxygen Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

AbstractIon irradiation has been carried out to improve wettability of PMMA to water. The polymer was irradiated by argon and oxygen ions, and amount of ions was changed from 1014 ArVcm2 to 5xl016Ar+/cm2. Ions energies were varied from 0.5 keV to 1.5 keV, and oxygen gas was flowed from 0 seem to 6 scan near the polymer surface during ion irradiation. Wetting angle was reduced from 68 degree to 49 degree with increasing Ar+ ion irradiation, to 43 degree with Ch+ ion irradiation, and dropped to 8 degree with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 seem oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Recovery of wettability in dry air condition, and maintenance of it in dilute HC1 solution were explained in a view of formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and flowing oxygen near the surface. Reactions among polymer matrix, energetic ions and oxygen gas to form hydrophilic group by energetic ions were discussed in terms of a two-step reaction, in which the first step is the creation of an unstable polymer chain by the ion irradiation and the second step is a reaction between the radicals and the oxygen gas.

Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene by Ar+ Irradiation for Improving Adhesion to other Materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
S. C. Park ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Interfacial Chemical Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
Adhesive Cement

AbstractIon Irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesion to metal and to adhesive cement. Argon ion was irradiated on the polymer, and amount of Ar+ was changed from 1014 ions/cm2 to l×1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. Wetting angle was changed from 100 degree to 70 – 150 degree depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained in a view of surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE and formation of hydrophilic group due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesions were explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reaction between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Enhancing adhesion between metals or epoxy and polytetrafluoroethylene by ion assisted reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
H. J. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ptfe Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ions

Ion irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesions to metals and to adhesive cements. Argon ions were irradiated on the polymer, by varying the amount of Ar+ from 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. The wetting angle of water on the PTFE surface was changed from 100° to 70–150°, depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of the wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained by the changes in surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE, and formation of a hydrophilic group due to a reaction between the irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesion is explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reactions between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Identification of Hydrophilic Group Formation on Polymer Surface During Ar+ Ion Irradiation in O2 Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Sung-Ryong Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas

AbstractAr+ ion irradiation on low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) was performed in an O2 environment in order to improve wettability of polymers to water and to identify the formation of hydrophilic groups originated from chemical reactions on the surface of polymers. Doses of a broad Ar+ ion beam of 1 keV energy were changed from 5 × 1015 to 1 × 1017 /cm2 and the rate of the oxygen gas flowing near the sample surface was varied from 0 to 7 mi/min. The contact angle of polymers was not reduced much by Ar+ ion irradiation without oxygen gas. However, it dropped largely to a minimum of 35 ° and 26 ° for At+ ion irradiation in the presence of flowing oxygen gas on LDPE and PS, respectively. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was observed that hydrophilic groups were formed on the surface of polymers through an ion-assisted chemical reaction between the ion-induced unstable chains and oxygen. The newly formed hydrophilic group was identified as -(C=O)- bond and -(C=O)-O- bond. The contact angle of polymer was greatly dependent on the hydrophilic group formed on the surface.

Ar+ ion irradiation in oxygen environment for improving wettability of polymethylmethacrylate

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Young-Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Surface Changes

Ion irradiation with various oxygen flow rates has been carried out to improve the wettability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to water and to enhance the adhesion between Al and the polymer. Ar+ ion and oxygen ion were irradiated on the polymer, and amounts of ions were changed from 5 × 1014 Ar+/cm2 to 5 × 1016 Ar+/cm2 by a broad ion beam source. Oxygen gas from 0 ml/min to 7 ml/min was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation, and the energy of ions was changed from 500 eV to 1500 eV. The wetting angle was reduced from 68° to 49° with the Ar+ ion irradiation only at 1 keV energy, to 43° with the oxygen ion irradiation, and dropped to 8° with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 ml/min oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Changes of wetting angle with oxygen gas and Ar+ ion irradiation were explained by a two-step chemical reaction among polymer matrix, energetic ions, and oxygen gas. The effects of Ar+ ion and oxygen ion irradiation were explained by considering formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and blown oxygen gas, and enhanced adhesion between Al and PMMA was explained by the formation of electron acceptor groups in polymer and electron donors in metal, and by the chemical reaction in the interface between irradiated polymer surface and deposited metal.

Improving wettability of polycarbonate and adhesion with aluminum by Ar+ ion irradiation

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2390-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Sung-Nam Han
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Surface Chemical Reaction ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oxygen Gas

Improving wettability of the polycarbonate (PC) surface to triple distilled water has been carried out by Ar+ ion irradiation with blowing oxygen gas. The amount of Ar+ was changed from 1014 to 5 × 1016 ions/cm2 at 1 keV energy by a Kaufman-type ion source. Contact angle of the water to PC has been reduced from 78°to 50°with Ar+ irradiation, and to 12°with Ar+ irradiation in various vacuum pressures adjusted by oxygen gas flow rate (0-4 sccm). Strong O-H stretching vibration peaks at about 3370 cm−1 on FT-IR spectra of the polymer appeared after the surface treatments, and the wetting angle of the treated PC was returned to its value (78°) when the PC was exposed in air environment. The minimum contact angles were maintained with the same value when the irradiated polymers were kept in dilute HCl solution. The improved wettability and surface chemical reaction by Ar+ ion irradiation with oxygen was explained by the formation of a hydrophilic functional group. Enhanced adhesion between aluminum and PC was confirmed by the scotch tape test, and was discussed with relation between the hydrophilic group on the polymer surface and the deposited metal.

Effect of oxygen gas on polycarbonate surface in keV energy Ar+ ion irradiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Ki Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

Ar+1 ion irradiation on a polycarbonate (PC) surface was carried out in an oxygen environment in order to investigate the effects of surface chemical reaction, surface morphology, and surface energy on wettability of PC. Doses of Ar+ ion were changed from 5 × 1014 to 5 × 1016 at 1 keV ion beam energy by a broad ion beam source. Contact angle of PC was not reduced much by Ar+ ion irradiation without flowing oxygen gas, but decreased significantly as Ar+ ion was irradiated with flowing 4 sccm (ml/min) oxygen gas and showed a minimum of 12° to water and 5° to formamide. A newly formed polar group was observed on the modified PC surface by Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing oxygen gas, and it increased the PC surface energy. On the basis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the formed polar group was identified as a hydrophilic bond (carbonyl group). In atomic force microscopy (AFM) study, the root mean square of surface roughness was changed from 14 Å to 22–27 Å by Ar+ ion irradiation without flowing oxygen gas and 26–30 Å by Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 sccm oxygen gas. It was found that wettability of the modified PC surface was not greatly dependent on the surface morphology, but on an amount of hydrophilic group formed on the surface in the ion beam process.

Changes of Wettability and Surface Energy of Polymer by keV Ar+ Ion Irradiation

1995 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Ki Hyun Yoon ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas

AbstractSurface modification of polycarbonate(PC) was performed to improve the wettability by Ar+ ion irradiation with 1 keV energy in oxygen environment. The ion dose ranged from 5 x 1014 to 5 x 1016 ions/cm2 and oxygen flow rate was also varied from 0 to 6 sccm(ml/min.). Contact angle was not much decreased from 78° to 48° for water and from 63° to 32° for formamide by Ar+ ion irradiation without oxygen gas, but largely reduced to 12° for water and to 8° for formamide as Ar+ ion irradiation with 4 seem oxygen gas. Surface energy of modified PC surface which was irradiated with oxygen gas was more increased than that of PC surface irradiated without oxygen gas. It is evident that the increase of surface energy for PC modified with oxygen gas is due to hydrophilic group which result from the chemical reaction between PC surface and oxygen gas. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis, the newly formed hydrophilic group is identified as hydrophilic C=0 bond, and atomic force microscope(AFM), it is found that the root mean square of surface roughness is changed from 14 Å to 22 ∼ 26 Å for Ar+ ion irradiation only and 26 ∼ 30 Å for Ar+ ion irradiation with 4 seem oxygen gas. Therefore wettability of PC surface is much more affected by newly formed hydrophilic group than surface roughness in keV energy Ar+ ion irradiation.

Enhancement of Adhesion Between Cu Thin Film and Polyimide Modified by Ion Assisted Reaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Choi ◽  
K. H. Kim ◽  
H-J. Jung ◽  
C. N. Whang ◽  
S. K. Koha
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Cu Thin Film

ABSTRACTPolyimide films are modified by ion assisted reaction method using various ion beams in various gases environments. Amount of ion and blown gases rate were changed from 5 × 1014 to 1 × 1017 and from 0 to 8 sccm, respectively. Wetting angles between water and polyimide films modified by Ar+ ion without oxygen blowing decrease from 67° to 400° and surface free energies increase from 46 to 64 dyne/cm2. Wetting angle of polyimide films modified by Ar+ ion in an oxygen environment decreases to 12° and surface free energy increases to 72 dyne/cm2. The lowest wetting angle was obtained by oxygen ion irradiation in the oxygen gas environment and its value was 7°. In the case of polyimide film modified by Ar+ ions in an oxygen environment, the wetting angle increases up to 65° when it kept in air and that increases up to 46° when it kept in water after 5 day. In the case of polyimide film modified by O2+ ion in oxygen environment, however, the wetting angle of polyimide film dose not increase. X-ray photoelectron analysis shows that the chemical bonds between polyimide components are severed by ion irradiation and hydrophilic groups such as CO and C=O are formed by the reaction between newly formed radicals and blown oxygen. It was found that adhesion between Cu and polyimide modified by ion assisted reaction was improved. The main reason of the enhanced adhesion is due to the reaction between Cu and C-O or C=O groups formed by ion assisted reaction on the polyimide surface.

Effects of the Subsequent Ion Irradiation on the Formation Process of β-SiC from Si-C Mixtures Fabricated on Si by Ion Implantation

1987 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadamasa Kimura ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigemi Yugo ◽  
Yoshio Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Post Implantation

ABSTRACTThe β-SiC formation process through post-implantation annealing of Si-C mixtures fabricated on Si by C-ion implantation at room temperature is studied by means of infrared absorption spectroscopy. It is shown that the formation of B-SiC from the Si-C mixtures is greatly enhanced by the subsequent irradiation of other energetic ions prior to the thermal annealing. The continuous amorphization of the Si-C mixed layers is considered to be the dominant cause for the enhancement of the B-SiC formation. The activation energy of the β-SiC formation process which is 5.3 eV without irradiation is reduced to 4.0 eV by the irradiation of 150 keV, 1 × 1017/cm2 Ar ions.

Radiolysis of N2-rich astrophysical ice by swift oxygen ions: implication for space weathering of outer solar system bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (35) ◽  
pp. 24154-24165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Vasconcelos ◽  
S. Pilling ◽  
W. R. M. Rocha ◽  
H. Rothard ◽  
P. Boduch
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Space Weathering ◽  
Outer Solar System ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Solar System Bodies

We reported results for ion irradiation of N2-rich ices with implications for space weathering of outer solar bodies.

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