Identification of Hydrophilic Group Formation on Polymer Surface During Ar+ Ion Irradiation in O2 Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Sung-Ryong Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas

AbstractAr+ ion irradiation on low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) was performed in an O2 environment in order to improve wettability of polymers to water and to identify the formation of hydrophilic groups originated from chemical reactions on the surface of polymers. Doses of a broad Ar+ ion beam of 1 keV energy were changed from 5 × 1015 to 1 × 1017 /cm2 and the rate of the oxygen gas flowing near the sample surface was varied from 0 to 7 mi/min. The contact angle of polymers was not reduced much by Ar+ ion irradiation without oxygen gas. However, it dropped largely to a minimum of 35 ° and 26 ° for At+ ion irradiation in the presence of flowing oxygen gas on LDPE and PS, respectively. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was observed that hydrophilic groups were formed on the surface of polymers through an ion-assisted chemical reaction between the ion-induced unstable chains and oxygen. The newly formed hydrophilic group was identified as -(C=O)- bond and -(C=O)-O- bond. The contact angle of polymer was greatly dependent on the hydrophilic group formed on the surface.

Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene by Ar+ Irradiation for Improving Adhesion to other Materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
S. C. Park ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Interfacial Chemical Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
Adhesive Cement

AbstractIon Irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesion to metal and to adhesive cement. Argon ion was irradiated on the polymer, and amount of Ar+ was changed from 1014 ions/cm2 to l×1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. Wetting angle was changed from 100 degree to 70 – 150 degree depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained in a view of surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE and formation of hydrophilic group due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesions were explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reaction between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Enhancing adhesion between metals or epoxy and polytetrafluoroethylene by ion assisted reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
H. J. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ptfe Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ions

Ion irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesions to metals and to adhesive cements. Argon ions were irradiated on the polymer, by varying the amount of Ar+ from 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. The wetting angle of water on the PTFE surface was changed from 100° to 70–150°, depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of the wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained by the changes in surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE, and formation of a hydrophilic group due to a reaction between the irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesion is explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reactions between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Improving Wettability of PoIyMethylMetiiAcrylate by Ar+ ion Irradiation in Oxygen Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

AbstractIon irradiation has been carried out to improve wettability of PMMA to water. The polymer was irradiated by argon and oxygen ions, and amount of ions was changed from 1014 ArVcm2 to 5xl016Ar+/cm2. Ions energies were varied from 0.5 keV to 1.5 keV, and oxygen gas was flowed from 0 seem to 6 scan near the polymer surface during ion irradiation. Wetting angle was reduced from 68 degree to 49 degree with increasing Ar+ ion irradiation, to 43 degree with Ch+ ion irradiation, and dropped to 8 degree with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 seem oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Recovery of wettability in dry air condition, and maintenance of it in dilute HC1 solution were explained in a view of formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and flowing oxygen near the surface. Reactions among polymer matrix, energetic ions and oxygen gas to form hydrophilic group by energetic ions were discussed in terms of a two-step reaction, in which the first step is the creation of an unstable polymer chain by the ion irradiation and the second step is a reaction between the radicals and the oxygen gas.

Ar+ ion irradiation in oxygen environment for improving wettability of polymethylmethacrylate

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Young-Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Surface Changes

Ion irradiation with various oxygen flow rates has been carried out to improve the wettability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to water and to enhance the adhesion between Al and the polymer. Ar+ ion and oxygen ion were irradiated on the polymer, and amounts of ions were changed from 5 × 1014 Ar+/cm2 to 5 × 1016 Ar+/cm2 by a broad ion beam source. Oxygen gas from 0 ml/min to 7 ml/min was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation, and the energy of ions was changed from 500 eV to 1500 eV. The wetting angle was reduced from 68° to 49° with the Ar+ ion irradiation only at 1 keV energy, to 43° with the oxygen ion irradiation, and dropped to 8° with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 ml/min oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Changes of wetting angle with oxygen gas and Ar+ ion irradiation were explained by a two-step chemical reaction among polymer matrix, energetic ions, and oxygen gas. The effects of Ar+ ion and oxygen ion irradiation were explained by considering formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and blown oxygen gas, and enhanced adhesion between Al and PMMA was explained by the formation of electron acceptor groups in polymer and electron donors in metal, and by the chemical reaction in the interface between irradiated polymer surface and deposited metal.

Effect of oxygen gas on polycarbonate surface in keV energy Ar+ ion irradiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Ki Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

Ar+1 ion irradiation on a polycarbonate (PC) surface was carried out in an oxygen environment in order to investigate the effects of surface chemical reaction, surface morphology, and surface energy on wettability of PC. Doses of Ar+ ion were changed from 5 × 1014 to 5 × 1016 at 1 keV ion beam energy by a broad ion beam source. Contact angle of PC was not reduced much by Ar+ ion irradiation without flowing oxygen gas, but decreased significantly as Ar+ ion was irradiated with flowing 4 sccm (ml/min) oxygen gas and showed a minimum of 12° to water and 5° to formamide. A newly formed polar group was observed on the modified PC surface by Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing oxygen gas, and it increased the PC surface energy. On the basis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the formed polar group was identified as a hydrophilic bond (carbonyl group). In atomic force microscopy (AFM) study, the root mean square of surface roughness was changed from 14 Å to 22–27 Å by Ar+ ion irradiation without flowing oxygen gas and 26–30 Å by Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 sccm oxygen gas. It was found that wettability of the modified PC surface was not greatly dependent on the surface morphology, but on an amount of hydrophilic group formed on the surface in the ion beam process.

Changes of Wettability and Surface Energy of Polymer by keV Ar+ Ion Irradiation

1995 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Ki Hyun Yoon ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas

AbstractSurface modification of polycarbonate(PC) was performed to improve the wettability by Ar+ ion irradiation with 1 keV energy in oxygen environment. The ion dose ranged from 5 x 1014 to 5 x 1016 ions/cm2 and oxygen flow rate was also varied from 0 to 6 sccm(ml/min.). Contact angle was not much decreased from 78° to 48° for water and from 63° to 32° for formamide by Ar+ ion irradiation without oxygen gas, but largely reduced to 12° for water and to 8° for formamide as Ar+ ion irradiation with 4 seem oxygen gas. Surface energy of modified PC surface which was irradiated with oxygen gas was more increased than that of PC surface irradiated without oxygen gas. It is evident that the increase of surface energy for PC modified with oxygen gas is due to hydrophilic group which result from the chemical reaction between PC surface and oxygen gas. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis, the newly formed hydrophilic group is identified as hydrophilic C=0 bond, and atomic force microscope(AFM), it is found that the root mean square of surface roughness is changed from 14 Å to 22 ∼ 26 Å for Ar+ ion irradiation only and 26 ∼ 30 Å for Ar+ ion irradiation with 4 seem oxygen gas. Therefore wettability of PC surface is much more affected by newly formed hydrophilic group than surface roughness in keV energy Ar+ ion irradiation.

Surface Modification of Polycarbonateurethane by Grafting Phosphorylcholine Glyceraldehydes for Improving Hemocompatibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yakai Feng ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Jintang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTPhosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde (PCGA) was used as a phosphorylcholine (PC) group containing compound to graft onto the surface of polycarbonateurethane (PCU) film using 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA) or α,ω-diamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, Mn = 200) as a spacer, in order to introduce biomimetic structure onto the polymer surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that PCGA has been covalently linked to the PCU surface. Water contact angle test suggests that the surface hydrophilicity has been improved after PCGA is grafted onto the surface of PCU film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the modified PCU films after contacting with plasma-rich plasma demonstrates that platelets rarely adhere but a large number of platelets adhere to the original PCU surface. The hemocompatibility of the PC modified PCU film has been improved obviously after grafting with PCGA with PEG spacer.

Modification of Wetting Property of Polycarbonate by Means of Ion Beam Implantation and Storage in Different Gas Environments

1997 ◽  
Vol 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Poirier ◽  
G. G. Ross ◽  
P. Bertrand ◽  
V. Wiertz
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Thin Film Adhesion ◽  
Wetting Property ◽  
And Storage

AbstracrThe wetting property of polymers is very important in different applications such as biomaterials, textiles, aerospace (fluid management and materials processing in microgravity), and thin film adhesion. Therefore, there is a strong interest in the development of a new technology for the modification at will of this property. The use of low energy ion beams allows the modification of the first surface atomic layers. Nitrogen ions of 500 eV/at. were used to bombard the surface of polycarbonate (PC) samples to a fluence of 5×1016 at/cm2. Five different environments (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, dry air and vacuum) were used to store the samples for some hours (1 to 24 hours) after the implantation. Aging studies of the contact angle (advancing and receding) have shown that the environment gas influences the long term value of the contact angle and helps to maintain the stability of the treated surfaces with the passage of time. XPS and ToF-SIMS have been used to study the chemical effects of both N2+ ion irradiation and storage gas surrounding the samples. The results show faster aging in the case of the samples stored in vacuum, a harmful effect of nitrogen gas on the treatment and the formation of new chemical species for all treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of ion irradiation on structural state and mechanical properties of naturally-aged hot-pressed D16 (Al-Cu-Mg) alloy profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
N V Gushchina ◽  
V V Ovchinnikov ◽  
L I Kaigorodova ◽  
D Y Rasposienko ◽  
D I Vichuzhanin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Subgrain Structure

Abstract The effect of irradiation with 20 keV argon ions on the mechanical properties, structure, and phase composition of quenched and then naturally aged, hot-pressed profiles (6 mm thick) from the D16 alloy of the Al-Cu-Mg system has been studied. It was found that short-term irradiation with Ar+ ions (E = 20 keV, j = 200 μA/cm2, F = 1×1016 cm-2, irradiation time 8 s) leads to transformation of the microstructure and phase composition of the alloy. The coarsening of the initial subgrain structure occurs near the sample surface. Both in the surface layer and at a distance of ∼ 150 μm from it, partial dissolution and fragmentation of complex intermetallic compounds of crystallization origin located along grain boundaries are observed, as well as a decrease in the size and change in the morphology of Al6(Fe, Mn) intermetallic compounds of crystallization origin are observed too: the distribution density of lamellar precipitations decreases, and equiaxial precipitations disappear. Under the influence of irradiation, the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution is activated with the formation of a more stable phase S’. As a result of ion-beam treatment in this mode, the plasticity of the alloy increases while maintaining the strength properties.

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