Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene by Ar+ Irradiation for Improving Adhesion to other Materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
S. C. Park ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Interfacial Chemical Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
Adhesive Cement

AbstractIon Irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesion to metal and to adhesive cement. Argon ion was irradiated on the polymer, and amount of Ar+ was changed from 1014 ions/cm2 to l×1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. Wetting angle was changed from 100 degree to 70 – 150 degree depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained in a view of surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE and formation of hydrophilic group due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesions were explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reaction between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Enhancing adhesion between metals or epoxy and polytetrafluoroethylene by ion assisted reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Koh ◽  
J. W. Seok ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
H. J. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ptfe Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Argon Ions

Ion irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been carried out to improve adhesions to metals and to adhesive cements. Argon ions were irradiated on the polymer, by varying the amount of Ar+ from 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 at 1 keV, and 4 ml/min of oxygen gas flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation. The wetting angle of water on the PTFE surface was changed from 100° to 70–150°, depending on the ion beam condition. The changes of the wetting angle and effects of Ar+ irradiation in oxygen environment were explained by the changes in surface morphology due to the ion beam irradiation onto PTFE, and formation of a hydrophilic group due to a reaction between the irradiated polymer chain and the blown oxygen. Strongly enhanced adhesion is explained by interlock mechanism, formation of electron acceptor groups on the modified PTFE, and interfacial chemical reactions between the irradiated surface and the deposited materials.

Identification of Hydrophilic Group Formation on Polymer Surface During Ar+ Ion Irradiation in O2 Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Sung-Ryong Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung ◽  
Seok-Keun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas

AbstractAr+ ion irradiation on low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) was performed in an O2 environment in order to improve wettability of polymers to water and to identify the formation of hydrophilic groups originated from chemical reactions on the surface of polymers. Doses of a broad Ar+ ion beam of 1 keV energy were changed from 5 × 1015 to 1 × 1017 /cm2 and the rate of the oxygen gas flowing near the sample surface was varied from 0 to 7 mi/min. The contact angle of polymers was not reduced much by Ar+ ion irradiation without oxygen gas. However, it dropped largely to a minimum of 35 ° and 26 ° for At+ ion irradiation in the presence of flowing oxygen gas on LDPE and PS, respectively. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was observed that hydrophilic groups were formed on the surface of polymers through an ion-assisted chemical reaction between the ion-induced unstable chains and oxygen. The newly formed hydrophilic group was identified as -(C=O)- bond and -(C=O)-O- bond. The contact angle of polymer was greatly dependent on the hydrophilic group formed on the surface.

Ar+ ion irradiation in oxygen environment for improving wettability of polymethylmethacrylate

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Young-Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Surface Changes

Ion irradiation with various oxygen flow rates has been carried out to improve the wettability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to water and to enhance the adhesion between Al and the polymer. Ar+ ion and oxygen ion were irradiated on the polymer, and amounts of ions were changed from 5 × 1014 Ar+/cm2 to 5 × 1016 Ar+/cm2 by a broad ion beam source. Oxygen gas from 0 ml/min to 7 ml/min was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation, and the energy of ions was changed from 500 eV to 1500 eV. The wetting angle was reduced from 68° to 49° with the Ar+ ion irradiation only at 1 keV energy, to 43° with the oxygen ion irradiation, and dropped to 8° with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 ml/min oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Changes of wetting angle with oxygen gas and Ar+ ion irradiation were explained by a two-step chemical reaction among polymer matrix, energetic ions, and oxygen gas. The effects of Ar+ ion and oxygen ion irradiation were explained by considering formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and blown oxygen gas, and enhanced adhesion between Al and PMMA was explained by the formation of electron acceptor groups in polymer and electron donors in metal, and by the chemical reaction in the interface between irradiated polymer surface and deposited metal.

Improving Wettability of PoIyMethylMetiiAcrylate by Ar+ ion Irradiation in Oxygen Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Keun Koh ◽  
Won-Kook Choi ◽  
Jun-Sik Cho ◽  
Seok-Kyun Song ◽  
Hyung-Jin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Energetic Ions ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

AbstractIon irradiation has been carried out to improve wettability of PMMA to water. The polymer was irradiated by argon and oxygen ions, and amount of ions was changed from 1014 ArVcm2 to 5xl016Ar+/cm2. Ions energies were varied from 0.5 keV to 1.5 keV, and oxygen gas was flowed from 0 seem to 6 scan near the polymer surface during ion irradiation. Wetting angle was reduced from 68 degree to 49 degree with increasing Ar+ ion irradiation, to 43 degree with Ch+ ion irradiation, and dropped to 8 degree with Ar+ ion irradiation with flowing 4 seem oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Recovery of wettability in dry air condition, and maintenance of it in dilute HC1 solution were explained in a view of formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and flowing oxygen near the surface. Reactions among polymer matrix, energetic ions and oxygen gas to form hydrophilic group by energetic ions were discussed in terms of a two-step reaction, in which the first step is the creation of an unstable polymer chain by the ion irradiation and the second step is a reaction between the radicals and the oxygen gas.

Enhancement of Adhesion Between Cu Thin Film and Polyimide Modified by Ion Assisted Reaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Choi ◽  
K. H. Kim ◽  
H-J. Jung ◽  
C. N. Whang ◽  
S. K. Koha
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Cu Thin Film

ABSTRACTPolyimide films are modified by ion assisted reaction method using various ion beams in various gases environments. Amount of ion and blown gases rate were changed from 5 × 1014 to 1 × 1017 and from 0 to 8 sccm, respectively. Wetting angles between water and polyimide films modified by Ar+ ion without oxygen blowing decrease from 67° to 400° and surface free energies increase from 46 to 64 dyne/cm2. Wetting angle of polyimide films modified by Ar+ ion in an oxygen environment decreases to 12° and surface free energy increases to 72 dyne/cm2. The lowest wetting angle was obtained by oxygen ion irradiation in the oxygen gas environment and its value was 7°. In the case of polyimide film modified by Ar+ ions in an oxygen environment, the wetting angle increases up to 65° when it kept in air and that increases up to 46° when it kept in water after 5 day. In the case of polyimide film modified by O2+ ion in oxygen environment, however, the wetting angle of polyimide film dose not increase. X-ray photoelectron analysis shows that the chemical bonds between polyimide components are severed by ion irradiation and hydrophilic groups such as CO and C=O are formed by the reaction between newly formed radicals and blown oxygen. It was found that adhesion between Cu and polyimide modified by ion assisted reaction was improved. The main reason of the enhanced adhesion is due to the reaction between Cu and C-O or C=O groups formed by ion assisted reaction on the polyimide surface.

Growth of Cu-Oxide Protrusion by Ar Ion Irradiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 1359-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Shunichiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Residual Oxygen ◽  
Irradiation Angle ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Cu2O conical micron-scale protrusions have been grown on a preoxidized Cu surface by the Ar ion beam irradiation at 9 kV for 5-20 min in the low vacuum. This Ar ion irradiation is based on the ‘Transcription Method’ which has been originated by B.-S. Xu and S.-I. Tanaka in 1996 to form nanoparticles. Ar ion irradiation induced needle-like nanostructures composed of Cu2O and CuO which were randomly nucleated on Cu surface by the oxidation at 623 K for 10 min in the air. The obtained Cu2O conical protrusions have a controllable length of up to 14.6 μm with diameter in the range of 0.8 μm by changing the Ar ion irradiation angle to the surface. The mechanism of the formation of the conical protrusions is proposed that Cu atoms on the Cu surface activated and sputtered by the Ar ion irradiation diffuse on the surface of needle-like oxide as nuclei along the Ar ion track and react with residual oxygen atoms to grow the conical Cu2O protrusions.

Spontaneous formation of nanometer-scale self-organized structures in Ag-Cu alloys under irradiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl A. Enrique ◽  
Pascal Bellon
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Temperature ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The One

AbstractIon-beam irradiation can be used as a processing tool to synthesize metastable materials. A particular case is the preparation of solid solutions from immiscible alloys, which have been achieved for a whole range of systems. In this process, enhanced solute concentration is obtained through the local mixing induced by each irradiation event, which if occurring at a high enough frequency, can outweigh demixing by thermal diffusion. The resulting microstructure forms in far from equilibrium conditions, and theoretical results for these kind of driven alloys have shown that novel microstructures exhibiting self-organization can develop. To test these predictions, we prepare Ag-Cu multilayered thin films that we subject to 1 MeV Kr+-ion irradiation at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 225 °C, and characterize the specimens by x-ray diffraction, TEM and STEM. We observe two different phenomena occurring at different length scales: On the one hand, regardless of the irradiation temperature, grains grow under irradiation until reaching a size limited by film thickness (~200 nm). On the other hand, the distribution of species inside the grains is greatly affected by the irradiation temperature. At intermediate temperatures, a semi-coherent decomposition is observed at a nanometer scale. This nanometer-scale decomposition phenomenon appears as an evidence of patterning, and thus confirms on the possibility of using ion-beam irradiation as a route to synthesize nanostructured materials with novel magnetic and optical properties.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanopore in MoS2-Graphene vdW Heterostructure by Ion Beam Irradiation and the Mechanical Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Ruxue Yang ◽  
Xiyue Chen ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Stacking Order ◽  
Vdw Heterostructure ◽  
Nanopore Structure

Nanopore structure presents great application potential especially in the area of biosensing. The two-dimensional (2D) vdW heterostructure nanopore shows unique features, while research around its fabrication is very limited. This paper proposes for the first time the use of ion beam irradiation for creating nanopore structure in 2D vdW graphene-MoS2 heterostructures. The formation process of the heterostructure nanopore is discussed first. Then, the influence of ion irradiation parameters (ion energy and ion dose) is illustrated, based on which the optimal irradiation parameters are derived. In particular, the effect of stacking order of the heterostructure 2D layers on the induced phenomena and optimal parameters are taken into consideration. Finally, uniaxial tensile tests are conducted by taking the effect of irradiation parameters, nanopore size and stacking order into account to demonstrate the mechanical performance of the heterostructure for use under a loading condition. The results would be meaningful for expanding the applications of heterostructure nanopore structure, and can arouse more research interest in this area.

Amortization and Recrystallization of 6H-SiC by ion Beam Irradiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Heera ◽  
R. Kögler ◽  
W. Skorupa ◽  
J. Stoemenos
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Amorphous Sic

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the damage in the near surface region of single crystalline 6H-SiC generated by 200 keV Ge+ ion implantation at room temperature (RT) was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/chanelling (RBS/C). The threshold dose for amorphization was found to be about 3 · 1014 cm-2, Amorphous surface layers produced with Ge+ ion doses above the threshold were partly annealed by 300 keV Si+ ion beam induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) at a relatively low temperature of 480°C For comparison, temperatures of at least 1450°C are necessary to recrystallize amorphous SiC layers without assisting ion irradiation. The structure and quality of both the amorphous and recrystallized layers were characterized by cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Density changes of SiC due to amorphization were measured by step height measurements.

Photoluminescence enhancement and high accuracy patterning of lead halide perovskite single crystals by MeV ion beam irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 9923-9930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Palei ◽  
M. Motapothula ◽  
Aniruddha Ray ◽  
Ahmed L. Abdelhady ◽  
Luca Lanzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Photoluminescence Enhancement ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Using MeV ion irradiation, a PL enhancement effect of MAPbBr3 single crystals is demonstrated.

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