Dielectrics on Silicon Thermally Grown or Annealed in a Nitrogen Rich Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barry Harrison ◽  
Andrew Misiura ◽  
Sima Dimitrijev ◽  
Denis Sweatman ◽  
Z. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Thin Dielectrics ◽  
Thermally Grown

ABSTRACTIn this paper we review various methods of improving the properties of extremely thin dielectrics (<20 nm) using a nitrogen rich environment. The three main gases considered being ammonia, and nitrous and nitric oxides. We present original results for nitric oxide exposed silicon and suggest that for ultra thin dielectric (<5 nm) that these layers are generally superior to any others, whilst for thicker layers oxides annealed in nitrous oxides appear to display the best properties.

scholarly journals Depletion of iNOS-derived nitric oxide by prostaglandin H synthase-2 in inflammation-activated J774.2 macrophages through lipohydroperoxidase turnover

2005 ◽  
Vol 385 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. CLARK ◽  
Peter B. ANNING ◽  
Marcus J. COFFEY ◽  
Andrew G. ROBERTS ◽  
Lawrence J. MARNETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Prostaglandin H Synthase ◽  
Prostaglandin H ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

PGHS-2 (prostaglandin H synthase-2) is induced in mammalian cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines in tandem with iNOS [high-output (‘inducible’) nitric oxide synthase], and is co-localized with iNOS and nitrotyrosine in human atheroma macrophages. Herein, murine J774.2 macrophages incubated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ showed induction of PGHS-2 and generated NO using iNOS that could be completely depleted by 12(S)-HPETE [12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 2.4 μM] or hydrogen peroxide (500 μM) (0.42±0.084 and 0.38±0.02 nmol·min−1·106 cells−1 for HPETE and H2O2 respectively). COS-7 cells transiently transfected with human PGHS-2 also showed HPETE- or H2O2-dependent NO decay (0.44±0.016 and 0.20±0.04 nmol·min−1·106 cells−1 for 2.4 μM HPETE and 500 μM H2O2 respectively). Finally, purified PGHS-2 consumed NO in the presence of HPETE or H2O2 (168 and 140 μM·min−1·μM enzyme−1 for HPETE and H2O2 respectively), in a haem-dependent manner, with 20 nM enzyme consuming up to 4 μM NO. Km (app) values for NO and 15(S)-HPETE were 1.7±0.2 and 0.45±0.16 μM respectively. These data indicate that PGHS-2 catalytically consumes NO during peroxidase turnover and that pro-inflammatory cytokines simultaneously upregulate NO synthesis and degradation pathways in murine macrophages. Catalytic NO consumption by PGHS-2 represents a novel interaction between NO and PGHS-2 that may impact on the biological effects of NO in vascular signalling and inflammation.

Influence of Coal Properties on Emissions of Nitrous Oxides and Nitric Oxides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Chang Liu ◽  
Bo-Xiong Shen ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Zhi-Jie Lin ◽  
Ji-Dong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Coal Properties

scholarly journals Effects of nitric oxide annealing of thermally grown silicon dioxide characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-Q. Yao ◽  
H.B. Harrison ◽  
S. Dimitrijev ◽  
Y.T. Yeow
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Thermally Grown

Modelling of Nitric Oxide Formation During Liquid Fuel Combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gil ◽  
Wojciech Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
The Impact

A liquid fuel combustion process, being a source of many environmentally hazardous pollutants (e.g. nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot and sulphur oxides), is a subject of extensive research aimed at reduction of their emissions. A high temperature of the combustion air tends to increase the content of NOX in exhaust gases. Based on the experimental data and literature as well as using the CFD tools, a model of light fuel oil combustion has been developed with an emphasis on nitric oxide formation. The model adequately reflects the impact of geometry changes in the flow of combustion substrates on concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitric oxides in the chamber. The quantitative results obtained are comparable to the experimental data.

The Selective Non-Catalytic Removal (SNCR) of Nitric Oxides From Engine Exhaust Streams: Comparison of Three Processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton ◽  
Zhiyong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Catalytic Removal

Three processes for the selective non-catalytic removal (SNCR) of nitric oxides from engine exhaust gases are compared. The three processes are similar but each uses a different chemical agent: ammonia, urea, or cyanuric acid. A number of operating conditions have been studied. In particular, results for the removal of nitric oxide are significantly different for the three processes as the oxygen concentration varies. Ammonia, urea, and cyanuric acid were found to be most effective at low, intermediate, and high oxygen concentrations, respectively. The implications of these results for a range of engines and engine applications are discussed.

The Research Progress of Nitric Oxides Controlling Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2481-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bo yu ◽  
Li Feng Ding ◽  
Ren Fei Wang ◽  
Liu Lian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Complex Technology ◽  
Chemical Characters

Because of the special physic-chemical characters of the nitric oxides, controlling of the nitric oxides which shaped during combustion is a complex technology. In this paper, the advance in emission controlling technology of nitric oxide has been reviewed.Selective catalytic reaction of the nitric oxide(SCR) and plasma process in denitration of flue gas are emphasized.

The Relative Importance of Char and Volatile Nitrogen on Formation of Nitrous Oxides and Nitric Oxides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Chang Liu ◽  
Zheng-Shun Wu ◽  
Bo-xiong Shen ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Zhi-Jie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Importance ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Nitrous Oxides

Development and Application of a Transported Probability Density Function Method on Unstructured Three-Dimensional Grids for the Prediction of Nitric Oxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fiolitakis ◽  
Peter Ess ◽  
Peter Gerlinger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
German Aerospace

The present work explores the capability of the transported probability density function (PDF) method to predict nitric oxide (NO) formation in turbulent combustion. To this end a hybrid finite-volume/Lagrangian Monte Carlo method is implemented into the THETA code of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). In this hybrid approach the transported PDF method governs the evolution of the thermochemical variables, whereas the flow field evolution is computed with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method. The method is used to compute a turbulent hydrogen-air flame and a methane-air flame and computational results are compared to experimental data. In order to assess the advantages of the transported PDF method, the flame computations are repeated with the “laminar chemistry” approach as well as with an “assumed PDF” method, which are both computationally less expensive. The present study reveals that the transported PDF method provides the highest accuracy in predicting the overall flame structure and nitric oxide formation.

Furnace formation of silicon oxynitride thin dielectrics in nitrous oxide (N2O): The role of nitric oxide (NO)

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Tobin ◽  
Yoshio Okada ◽  
Sergio A. Ajuria ◽  
Vikas Lakhotia ◽  
William A. Feil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Silicon Oxynitride ◽  
Thin Dielectrics
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