Urinary Excretion of Adenosine 3’: 5′-Cyclic Monophosphate in Depressive Illness

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (586) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Naylor ◽  
David A. Stansfield ◽  
Susan F. Whyte ◽  
Frederick Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
Depressive Patients

Changes in the excretion of adenosine 3’:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) have been reported in depressive illness. Abdulla and Hamadah (1970) reported that urinary cyclic AMP excretion was lower than normal during depression and increased with recovery. However, these results were based on single 24-hour urine collections during depression and on recovery, with no creatinine estimations to suggest that the collections were complete. There was no control of diet, drugs or activity. The controls do not appear to have been matched for age. Paul, Ditzion, Pauk and Janowsky (1970) reported that the cyclic AMP excretion in neurotic depression was higher and in psychotic depression was lower than in a control group, but neither difference was statistically significant. However, on enlarging the study by including more psychotic depressives they reported that the cyclic AMP excretion of this group was significantly less than that of the controls (Paul, Cramer and Goodwin, 1971). These workers had controlled the patients' drug and dietary (but not fluid) intake. There appeared to be only minimal control of activity. The results were based on approximately two samples of urine per subject, which were very carefully checked for completeness of collection. Unfortunately the age of the controls (19–22 years) was very different from that of the patients (25–64 years). On two small groups of patients treated with either Laevodopa or lithium carbonate, they reported that changes in affective state were accompanied by changes in the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. However, in serial studies on manic-depressive patients Paul, Cramer and Bunney (1971) failed to show a correlation between mood rating and cyclic AMP excretion in five out of seven patients; but they reported that the cyclic AMP excretion was increased on the day of rapid switch from depression to mania. The above groups of workers had used an enzymatic-isotope displacement technique to estimate the cyclic AMP. Brown, Salway, Albano, Hullin and Ekins (1972), using a saturation method to assay cyclic AMP, found no correlation between mood and cyclic AMP excretion in two short-cycle manic-depressive patients. Jenner, Sampson, Thompson, Somerville, Beard and Smith (1972) wrote: ‘We have measured daily excretion by a number of depressed and manic depressive patients over periods covering several mood changes without being able to establish any consistent correlation between cyclic AMP excretion and mood, … However, in one unusual case we have found a very marked correlation‘. We (Naylor, Dick, Dick, Moody and Stansfield, 1974) were unable to demonstrate any relationship between urinary cyclic AMP excretion and mood in a patient with recurrent psychotic episodes, in which depressive features predominated.

Urinary Cyclic AMP in the Switch Process from Depression to Mania

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (588) ◽  
pp. 457-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
J. G. Salway ◽  
M. N. E. Allsopp ◽  
Janet D. M. Albano ◽  
G. Dawn Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Bipolar Patient ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
Depressive Patients

Various reports have suggested that the urinary excretion of adenosine cyclic 3'5’ monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is increased in mania and decreased in depression. However, our own serial studies from short-cycle bipolar manic-depressive patients showed no correlation between mood and cyclic AMP excretion (2). Jenner et al. (4) confirmed our findings, except in the case of a patient with a regular 48-hour mood cycle who did show a correlation between his mood changes and changes in cyclic AMP excretion. Paul et al. (5) also reported a general lack of correlation between these variables, but found a transient increase of urinary cyclic AMP during the rapid switch from depression to mania. We have investigated the situation in a bipolar patient who shows such a rapid switch in mood but have been unable to demonstrate any increase in cyclic AMP excretion during the switch period.

URINARY CYCLIC AMP IN RELATION TO LITHIUM TREATMENT IN MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS

1976 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAR K. SEN ◽  
AWAD GIRGIS AWAD ◽  
HARVEY C. STANCER ◽  
DAMODAR D. GODSE
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp

Prediction of clinical course of bipolar manic depressive illness treated with lithium

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Johnston ◽  
G. J. Naylor ◽  
E. G. Dick ◽  
S. E. Hopwood ◽  
D. A. T. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

SYNOPSISA group of bipolar manic depressive patients attending a routine lithium clinic were investigated. The results suggest that, when on treatment with lithium, manic depressive patients with a good prognosis tend to have a higher erythrocyte Na-K ATPase and higher plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentrations than those with a poor prognosis. There was no evidence to suggest that the erythrocyte: plasma lithium ratio was useful in predicting clinical response to lithium therapy. There was also a positive correlation between plasma lithium concentration and Na–K ATPase activity, confirming that in manic depressive subjects lithium produces a rise in erythrocyte Na–K ATPase activity.

Urinary Cyclic AMP in ‘Endogenous' and ‘Neurotic’ Depression

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sinanan ◽  
A. M. B. Keatinge ◽  
P. G. S. Beckett ◽  
W. Clayton Love
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Amp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
The Brain

Since the discovery of adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) by Sutherland and Rall (1958), the concept has evolved that this nucleotide acts as the second messenger substance for many neurotransmitter and hormone-induced responses (Sutherland, Robison and Butcher, 1968). Cyclic AMP occurs in high concentration in the brain. Cyclic AMP is functionally closely related, and possibly fundamental, to the action of catecholamines and serotonin, both of which have been implicated in the amine hypothesis of depression (Granville-Grossman, 1971). Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP by the action of an enzyme adenyl cyclase, and it is degraded by the enzyme cyclic-AMP-phosphodiesterase (Lancet, Editorial, 1970) both of which occur in brain.

Manic-Depressive Psychosis and Urinary Excretion of Cyclic AMP

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (561) ◽  
pp. 236-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Jenner ◽  
Gwyneth A. Sampson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Thompson ◽  
A. R. Somerville ◽  
Nicol A. Beard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive

Did Manic–Depressive Patients Who Committed Suicide Receive Prophylactic or Continuation Treatment at the Time?

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schou ◽  
A. Weeke
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Ongoing Treatment ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Continuation Treatment ◽  
Adequate Dosage ◽  
Depressive Patients

Ninety-two Danish manic–depressive patients with a first psychiatric admission between 1969 and 1983, who committed suicide before 1 July 1986, were considered. Information on any prophylactic or continuation treatment at the time of the suicide was obtained. In 64 of the patients, every precaution seems to have been taken: 28 patients committed suicide during ongoing treatment; 10 while not receiving prophylactic treatment (not indicated); 7 while not in prophylactic treatment because the patients refused or did not tolerate such; and 19 while in prophylactic treatment with antidepressants (10), or lithium (6), or both (3), in usually adequate dosage. In 28 of the patients, suicide might have been obviated. Guidelines for improvement of suicide prevention in manic–depressive illness are presented.

Urinary Adenosine 3’,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate: Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy

1976 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Moyes ◽  
Isabel C. A. Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp

SummarySerial studies of urinary cyclic AMP in in-patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been carried out. No consistent pattern of change following ECT could be demonstrated. The results do not support earlier reports of large rises in urinary cAMP directly after administration of ECT.

Lithium Accumulation in Erythrocytes of Manic-Depressive Patients: An in vivo Twin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Paul Linkowski ◽  
Jean Wilmotte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Discordant Twins

SummaryGenetic factors play an important role in drug metabolism and drug response. In order to investigate genetic variables in lithium prophylaxis and lithium distribution across the erythrocyte in manic-depression, we have examined forty-two pairs of twins monozygotic (n = 25) and dizygotic (n = 17) with manic-depression. Concordant twins as a group show better lithium prophylaxis than do discordant twins. These results are consistent with previously published family studies of affective illness suggesting a positive relationship between genetic background and success of lithium prophylaxis.Lithium distribution across the red blood cell (RBC) was assessed by estimating lithium RBC/plasma ratios. The lithium ratio's intrapair differences in both groups of twins were minimal with a high heritability index suggesting that genetic factors play a role in lithium ion distribution. A high linear correlation was found between lithium ratio and plasma lithium and there was no difference in lithium ratios according to sex, affective state and response to lithium. The distribution of lithium ratios was homogenous in the lithium responders' population but this was not the case in the non-responders, suggesting biological heterogeneity of lithium distribution in lithium failures. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to the genetic determinates of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive illness.These results indicate that lithium ratios are of limited value in lithium maintenance therapy. Our lithium kinetic data, however, are consistent with the concept of a lithium extrusion mechanism from red blood cells.

Parental Characteristics in Relation to Depressive Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

SummaryUsing a reliable and valid measure of reported parental care and overprotection (the Parental Bonding Instrument) patients with two types of depressive disorder were compared with a control group, and the relationships to depressive experience examined in a non-clinical group as well. Bipolar manic-depressive patients scored like controls whereas neurotic depressives reported less parental care and greater maternal overprotection. Depressive experience in the non-clinical group was negatively associated with low parental care and weakly associated with parental overprotection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document