Parental Characteristics in Relation to Depressive Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

SummaryUsing a reliable and valid measure of reported parental care and overprotection (the Parental Bonding Instrument) patients with two types of depressive disorder were compared with a control group, and the relationships to depressive experience examined in a non-clinical group as well. Bipolar manic-depressive patients scored like controls whereas neurotic depressives reported less parental care and greater maternal overprotection. Depressive experience in the non-clinical group was negatively associated with low parental care and weakly associated with parental overprotection.

Prevalence and Recognition of Depressive Disorders in General Medical Inpatients

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel W. Hengeveld ◽  
Frans A. J. M. Ancion ◽  
Harry G. M. Rooijmans
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Consultant Psychiatrist ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Medical Inpatients ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Depressive Patients

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 220 of 340 patients consecutively admitted to three general medical wards of a University Hospital, whose length of hospital stay was more than five days. At least mild symptoms of depression (BDI ≥ 13) were reported by 70/220 (32%) of the patients. Alternate BDI depressive patients underwent psychiatric consultation. The psychiatric consultant established a DSM-III depressive disorder in 10/33 (30%) of these patients. Only 3/10 (30%) of the DSM-III depressive patients had been referred to the consultant psychiatrist by their physician.

A census study of mental illness in Samsø

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Achton Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisCensus data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957–74; the proportion varied from 85 % for patients with psychoses (100 % for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43 % with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24 %, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.

The Use of Art Therapy in Complex Treatment on the Quality of Remission in Patients with Melancholy in Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s777-s777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kozhyna ◽  
V. Korostiy ◽  
S. Hmain ◽  
V. Mykhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive

IntroductionAccording to studies done in recent years regarding the treatment of patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder, a shift of interest from studies evaluating the effectiveness of therapy to the study of remission is seen. Despite significant progress in the development of pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders, difficulty in achieving rapid reduction in depressive symptoms and stable remission in patients with melancholic depression necessitated the search for new approaches to the treatment of this pathology.AimsEvaluating the effectiveness of art therapy in treatment in patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder on the quality of remission.MethodsThe study involved 135 patients – 60 male and 75 female patients aged from 18 to 30 years old. The main group of patients apart the combined treatment also participated in group art therapy with the use of drawing techniques, while the control group – statutory standard therapy.ResultsThe results of the use of art therapy in complex treatment in patients with major depressive disorder is detected primarily in reducing of the level of anxiety at the early stages of treatment (60% of patients have noticed decreasing of melancholic state), as well as improving the quality of life in remission period.ConclusionThese results support the use of art therapy in treatment in patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder during period of active treatment, and after achieving clinical remission contributes to achieving and maintaining high-quality and stable remission with full restoration of quality of life and social functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

HLA antigens and manic-depressive disorders: further evidence of an association

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Shapiro ◽  
Lars P. Ryder ◽  
Arne Svejgaard ◽  
Ole J. Rafaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Histocompatibility System ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisOne hundred and seven unrelated Danish patients considered to be manic-depressive according to strict diagnostic, symptomatic and course criteria were typed for antigens of the HLA system, the major histocompatibility system in man. Preliminary results from the first 47 patients had previously been reported to suggest a positive association between manic-depressive disorders and HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-Bw16 and a negative association between such disorders and HLA-B8. Results from the extended series provide confirmatory evidence that there is a positive association between manic-depressive disorders and HLA-Bw16 and also strongly suggest a positive association between HLA-B7 and such disorders. HLA typing may prove to be a useful way of identifying sub-groups of manic-depressive patients for other biological studies. The associations described provide a potential lead for formulating hypotheses about the nature of the biological mechanisms which predispose to manic-depressive disorders.

Self-stigma and quality of life in outpatients with depressive disorder – a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S238-S238
Author(s):  
M. Holubova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
M. Ociskova ◽  
M. Marackova ◽  
A. Grambal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundSelf-stigma is a maladaptive psychosocial phenomenon that may disturb many areas of patient's life and have the negative impact on their quality of life. The present study explored the association between self-stigma, quality of life, demographic data, and the severity of symptoms in patients with depressive disorder.MethodPatients, who met ICD-10 research criteria for depressive disorder, were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. All probands completed these measurements: the Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), demographic questionnaire, and the severity of the disorder measured by objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression severity scales (CGI).ResultsEighty-one depressive patients (with persistent affective disorder – dysthymia, major depressive disorder or recurrent depressive disorder) and 43 healthy controls contributed to the study. Comparing with the healthy control group, there was a lower quality of life in patients with depression. The level of self-stigma correlated positively with total symptom severity score and negatively with the quality of life. Multiple regression analysis discovered that the overall rating of objective symptoms severity and self-stigma were significantly associated with the quality of life.ConclusionsPresent study suggests the lower quality of life in outpatients with depressive disorder in comparison with healthy controls, and the negative impact of self-stigma level on quality of life in patients suffering from depressive disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Responses to Water Deprivation in Lithium-Treated Patients with and without Polyuria

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Morgan ◽  
M. D. Penney ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
T. H. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Renal Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Depressive Patients

1. Urine osmolality and plasma and urine arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured before, during and at the end of 23 h of water deprivation in four groups of subjects. There were eight non-polyuric manic-depressive patients taking lithium (the lithium group), seven manic-depressive patients taking other psychotropic drugs but not lithium (the other drug group), seven healthy subjects (the control group) and three lithium-treated patients with polyuria (the polyuric lithium group). 2. The lithium group had a resistance to the effect of AVP on the renal tubule with a fivefold increase in AVP excretion at a given urine osmolality. However, their water homoeostasis was intact as they lost no more weight during water deprivation than did the control group. 3. The relationship beween urine osmolality and AVP excretion has been defined from these results and the effect of lithium treatment on it has been characterized. The results suggest that lithium competitively inhibits the effect of AVP on the renal concentrating mechanism but does not decrease the ‘theoretical’ maximum urine osmolality. 4. The other drug group had a high basal urine flow which was due to a primary increase in water intake. The responsiveness of the renal concentrating mechanism to AVP was the same in this group as in the control group. 5. The polyuric lithium group had the highest basal urine flow and lost the greatest amount of weight during water deprivation. Neither urine osmolality nor AVP excretion was at a maximum in the basal state, as both increased during water deprivation. These relationships between urine osmolality and AVP excretion indicated a much greater resistance to AVP than in the other lithium-treated patients. 6. We suggest that these patients are polyuric as they become thirsty and drink before their AVP secretion increases to levels high enough to overcome the resistance to AVP. The results suggest, however, that in the basal state their water intake may be more than the minimum determined by the resistance to AVP.

Cytogenetic Investigation in Twins with Manic-Depressive Disorders (22 Monozygotic and 27 Dizygotic Twin Pairs)

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Aksel Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Cytogenetic Investigation ◽  
Made In

SummaryChromosome examination was made in 22 monozygotic and 27 dizygotic twin pairs of whom one or both of each pair suffered or had suffered from manic-depressive disorder. We found a significantly higher frequency of chromosome variations among dizygotic twin pairs than was expected from population studies, but not in monozygotic pairs. There was no association between the chromosome variations and manic-depressive disorders. We found no greater intra-pair correlation in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins as regards hypodiploidy, hyperdiploidy and unstable chromosome aberrations, which indicates that the aetiology of such aberrations is mainly of exogenic nature.

scholarly journals Plasma Total Thiols and Total Thiol/Albumin Ratio in Patients Suffering from Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Meenakshi Sundaram ◽  
Krishnananda Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Plasma Thiols

Introduction: Increased oxidative stress has been reported in patients who suffer from depressive disorders. Albumin acts as a target for plasma protein oxidation during oxidative stress. The plasma thiols act as significant in vivo antioxidants. Major SH-groups are found on the surface of albumin molecules. Since depressive disorders are related to oxidative stress. Only a few studies have been done that correlate plasma total thiols with major depressive disorder. The authors intended to draw a relationship between oxidative stress, thiols and major depressive disorder by estimating total plasma thiols and calculating the ratio of thiol/albumin. The study may throw some light in understanding whether the use of anti-oxidant supplements to counter oxidative stress in depressed patients. Aim: The aims was to estimate plasma thiols, albumin and obtain a plasma thiol/albumin ratio in people suffering from depression and compare the levels with the control group. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted in Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Plasma thiols were estimated using Ellman’s method. Plasma albumin levels were estimated using Bromo-cresol green dye binding method. Mann- Whitney U test was used for analysing the data for total thiols and thiol/albumin ratio. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study group was made up of 43 (22 males and 21 females) patients and the control group was made up of 40 (18 males and 22 females) healthy controls. Plasma thiol levels and the plasma total thiol/albumin ratio were significantly elevated (p-value=0.00036) in cases (depression) as compared to that of the controls. Conclusion: Plasma total thiols can be used as an early marker for understanding the risk for major depressive disorders and also be used as a prognostic indicator in the follow up of patients suffering from major depressive disorder who are under treatment.

Urinary Excretion of Adenosine 3’: 5′-Cyclic Monophosphate in Depressive Illness

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (586) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Naylor ◽  
David A. Stansfield ◽  
Susan F. Whyte ◽  
Frederick Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
Depressive Patients

Changes in the excretion of adenosine 3’:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) have been reported in depressive illness. Abdulla and Hamadah (1970) reported that urinary cyclic AMP excretion was lower than normal during depression and increased with recovery. However, these results were based on single 24-hour urine collections during depression and on recovery, with no creatinine estimations to suggest that the collections were complete. There was no control of diet, drugs or activity. The controls do not appear to have been matched for age. Paul, Ditzion, Pauk and Janowsky (1970) reported that the cyclic AMP excretion in neurotic depression was higher and in psychotic depression was lower than in a control group, but neither difference was statistically significant. However, on enlarging the study by including more psychotic depressives they reported that the cyclic AMP excretion of this group was significantly less than that of the controls (Paul, Cramer and Goodwin, 1971). These workers had controlled the patients' drug and dietary (but not fluid) intake. There appeared to be only minimal control of activity. The results were based on approximately two samples of urine per subject, which were very carefully checked for completeness of collection. Unfortunately the age of the controls (19–22 years) was very different from that of the patients (25–64 years). On two small groups of patients treated with either Laevodopa or lithium carbonate, they reported that changes in affective state were accompanied by changes in the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. However, in serial studies on manic-depressive patients Paul, Cramer and Bunney (1971) failed to show a correlation between mood rating and cyclic AMP excretion in five out of seven patients; but they reported that the cyclic AMP excretion was increased on the day of rapid switch from depression to mania. The above groups of workers had used an enzymatic-isotope displacement technique to estimate the cyclic AMP. Brown, Salway, Albano, Hullin and Ekins (1972), using a saturation method to assay cyclic AMP, found no correlation between mood and cyclic AMP excretion in two short-cycle manic-depressive patients. Jenner, Sampson, Thompson, Somerville, Beard and Smith (1972) wrote: ‘We have measured daily excretion by a number of depressed and manic depressive patients over periods covering several mood changes without being able to establish any consistent correlation between cyclic AMP excretion and mood, … However, in one unusual case we have found a very marked correlation‘. We (Naylor, Dick, Dick, Moody and Stansfield, 1974) were unable to demonstrate any relationship between urinary cyclic AMP excretion and mood in a patient with recurrent psychotic episodes, in which depressive features predominated.

Frequency of Blood Types in a Homogeneous Group of Manic-Depressive Patients

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (450) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Parker ◽  
Alberta Theilie ◽  
Charles D. Spielberger
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Blood Characteristics ◽  
Depressive Patients

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of selected blood types in a homogeneously diagnosed group of manic-depressive patients as compared to the incidence of these blood types in a control group and in reported figures for the general population. This interest in the blood characteristics of manic-depressive subjects was stimulated by the finding of a relatively high incidence of active duodenal ulcer or medically and roentgenographically confirmed duodenal ulcer histories in manic-depressive patients (16 per cent.) (12) as contrasted with the reported incidence of duodenal ulcer in the general population (5-10 per cent.) (4). The specific association of duodenal ulcer with O-type blood has been reported by several investigators (1, 2). Although the reported relationships between blood type and specific disease entities have been critically questioned in a recent review, the reviewer concluded that the evidence “tends to suggest that a relationship between duodenal ulcer and group O blood actually exists” (10). The known and suspected relationships of blood types with various disease processes have been summarized by established investigators in the field of blood grouping and classification (14).

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