Lithium Accumulation in Erythrocytes of Manic-Depressive Patients: An in vivo Twin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Paul Linkowski ◽  
Jean Wilmotte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Discordant Twins

SummaryGenetic factors play an important role in drug metabolism and drug response. In order to investigate genetic variables in lithium prophylaxis and lithium distribution across the erythrocyte in manic-depression, we have examined forty-two pairs of twins monozygotic (n = 25) and dizygotic (n = 17) with manic-depression. Concordant twins as a group show better lithium prophylaxis than do discordant twins. These results are consistent with previously published family studies of affective illness suggesting a positive relationship between genetic background and success of lithium prophylaxis.Lithium distribution across the red blood cell (RBC) was assessed by estimating lithium RBC/plasma ratios. The lithium ratio's intrapair differences in both groups of twins were minimal with a high heritability index suggesting that genetic factors play a role in lithium ion distribution. A high linear correlation was found between lithium ratio and plasma lithium and there was no difference in lithium ratios according to sex, affective state and response to lithium. The distribution of lithium ratios was homogenous in the lithium responders' population but this was not the case in the non-responders, suggesting biological heterogeneity of lithium distribution in lithium failures. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to the genetic determinates of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive illness.These results indicate that lithium ratios are of limited value in lithium maintenance therapy. Our lithium kinetic data, however, are consistent with the concept of a lithium extrusion mechanism from red blood cells.

Lithium fluxes in human erythrocytes

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. C102-C110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ehrlich ◽  
J. M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Manic Depressive

The contribution of four transport pathways to Li+ influx and efflux in human erythrocytes was determined quantitatively, using Li+ concentrations comparable to those found in vivo when Li+ is used as treatment for manic-depressive illness. All pathways were measured simultaneously on each subject's blood sample to avoid possible temporal variations in transport parameters. We found that Li+ efflux is 75% via countertransport and 25% via a leak. The bicarbonate-sensitive pathway accounts for 30% of influx while the remaining 70% is via a leak. The Na+-K+ pump makes no significant contribution to Li+ influx or efflux under physiological conditions. Li+ efflux for a given [Li+]i is 3–5 times the Li+ influx for the same [Li+]o. However, due to interindividual variations in Na+-Li+ counter-transport, Li+ efflux but not influx varies considerably among individuals.

Brain mechanisms in manic depression

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Activity Information

Abstract Manic depressive illness (bipolar disorder) is the mood disorder classically considered to have a strong biological basis. During manic depressive cycles, patients show dramatic fluctuations of mood, energy, activity, information processing, and behaviors. Theories of brain function and mood disorders must deal with the case of bipolar disorder, not simply unipolar depression. Shifts in the nosologic concepts of how manic depression is related to other mood disorders are discussed in this overview, and the renewed adoption of the Kraepelinian "spectrum" concept is recommended. The variable clinical presentations of manic depressive illness are emphasized. New genetic mechanisms that must be considered as candidate factors in relation to this phenotypic heterogeneity are discussed. Finally, the correlation of clinical symptom clusters with brain systems is considered in the context of a three-component model of manic depression.

Erythrocyte membrane cation carrier, relapse rate of manic-depressive illness and response to lithium

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Naylor ◽  
D. A. T. Dick ◽  
E. G. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Before And After

SynopsisBiochemical studies of manic-depressive psychosis usually correlate biochemical findings with current affective state and hence any significant findings could be secondary to mood change. The present study attempts to correlate measures of the erythrocyte membrane cation carrier with clinical events, remote in time from the biochemical assay.Erythrocyte sodium concentration, ouabain-sensitive potassium influx and Na-K ATPase were estimated in 11 patients before and after the cross-over point in a 2-year double blind clinical trial of lithium. Patients with the lowest erythrocyte Na-K ATPase and the highest flux sodium ATPase ratio tended to suffer most episodes of affective illness in the 2 years. Patients who had a low initial Na-K ATPase or a high initial flux sodium ATPase ratio, or in whom this ratio fell most with lithium or whose Na-K ATPase rose most with lithium, clinically responded best to lithium.

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide metabolism, lithium and manic depressive illness

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Aysegul Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Phosphoinositide Metabolism ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

Physiology underlying manic depressive illness and treating effects of its most commonly used remedy – “lithium” is yet to be elucidated. Recent years of psychopharmacology research witnessed sparkling developments in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lithium’s mood stabilizing effects. Recent data on molecular biology andin vivomagnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest that some of the initial actions of lithium may occur through the inhibition of the enzyme inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and reduction ofmyo–inositol, which in turn initiate a cascade of events at different levels of signal transduction process and gene expression in brain; such as the effects on protein kinase C, myristoylated alenine rich C kinase substrate protein, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, B cell lymphoma–2 protein, and activator protein–I. It is likely that the enzyme IMPase other that being the key point in initiating lithium’s therapeutic effects, may also play a critical role in the physiology underlying manic depressive illness.

The poetics of bipolar disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Goss
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Normal Language

This article explores the role of affect in the disorganized language and thought that can manifest itself in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, or as it was previously known, manic-depressive illness, can produce psychotic language and thought in its more extreme forms. During the production of discourse in bipolar disorder, there is a strong correlation between the underlying affective state, i.e., depression, euthymia, hypomania, and mania, and linguistic and cognitive performance. A psycholinguistic model of the dynamics between language, thought, and affect in bipolar disorder based on McNeill’s (1992, 2000) concept of a “Growth Point” is proposed. In particular, the poetic structural phases of discourse production in bipolar disorder, which vary according to the underlying affective state, provide a phenomenological bridge between the psychotic discourse of mania and normal language production.

Antonia White and Manic-Depressive Illness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Moran
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Identity Narratives ◽  
Autobiographical Fiction ◽  
Emotional Conflicts

Misdiagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia instead of what was bipolar or manic-depressive illness, Antonia White turned repeatedly to psychoanalysis and Catholicism to resolve the emotional conflicts that she believed were the cause of her tumultuous moods, her inexplicable behaviour and her writer’s block. This study rereads White’s writing within the context of manic-depressive illness to show how the misdiagnosis of her illness shaped the identity narratives White constructed in her life-writing and then used as the basis of her strongly autobiographical fiction. White’s self-narratives have skewed critical interpretations of her work; at the same time, her fiction has not been studied as expressive of affective disorder. By contextualising White’s work within the contexts of manic-depression and narrative identity, this study proposes a new model for reading White; documents the complex interplay of biological, psychological and environmental factors involved in affective disorder; and historicises the diagnosis and treatment of White’s illness in medical, psychoanalytic and Catholic contexts.

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