A medium for commercial production of the halophilic Micrococcus nuclease

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Hiroshi Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Simple Synthetic Medium

A simple synthetic medium (glutamate–sucrose medium) was devised for production, during growth in shaken flasks, of extracellular halophilic nuclease (nuclease H) by a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians subsp. halophilus. A simple medium consisting of 0.7% ammonium sulfate, 1.0% glucose, minerals, three vitamins, and 2 M NaCl gave good growth and excellent production of nuclease H in a jar fermentor when the pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.0 during cultivation.

Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Hiroshi Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Essential Growth Factor

Production of halophilic nuclease by a moderate halophile. Micrococcus varians, ATCC 21971, was maximal at 2.5 to 3.5 M NaCl concentration in a complex medium (CM) composed of 1% casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl. The addition of 81 mM MgSO4 to CM inhibited nuclease production in spite of good growth. Microscopic observation showed that this inhibition was accompanied by complete clumping of the cells. The Sehgal and Gibbons complex medium (SGC) which contained 0.75% vitamin-free casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl, however, supported good production of the nuclease in spite of the presence of 81 mM MgSO4. It seemed that both magnesium sulfate and some substances present in CM might be responsible for this inhibition and clumping.A synthetic medium optimal for enzyme production was developed consisting of 16 amino acids, 4 vitamins, 0.73 mM KH2PO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 20 mM MgSO4, and 2.5 M NaCl. The organism required biotin as an essential growth factor, and thiamine, riboflavin, and choline as stimulating factors. Omission of isoleucine from the medium reduced markedly the growth rate. Glutamic acid, proline, and arginine were consumed completely during cultivation in the synthetic medium.

COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF TWO SAPROPHYTIC AND TWO PLANT PARASITIC SOIL FUNGI TO TEMPERATURE, HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION, AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
A. W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Ph Values

The behavior of two soil saprophytes, Trichoderma viride and Trichocladium asperum, and two root-infecting fungi, Ophiobolus graminis and Fomes annosus, was compared under various conditions in laboratory culture.On an agar-solidified organic medium optimum temperatures for growth were approximately: T. viride 25–30 °C, T. asperum 20–25 °C, O. graminis 20–25 °C, F. annosus 25 °C. T. viride rapidly outgrew the other fungi in the optimum range but this relationship changed at lower temperatures, its growth rate being equalled by that of O. graminis at 10 °C. T. viride was the only fungus to grow at 35 °C. In a synthetic liquid medium adjusted to pH values from 3.0–7.0 with a citrate–phosphate buffer, growth of O. graminis and F. annosus was sharply reduced at pH values below 5.0. T. viride made good growth at pH 3.1 and reduction in growth of T. asperum occurred only below pH 4.0. Both parasites required thiamine for growth in a synthetic medium and O. graminis also required biotin; in addition they showed a preference for organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen sources. T. viride and T. asperum grew well with KNO3 as nitrogen source and neither required vitamins. D-Glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose were readily utilized, and D-arabinose poorly utilized, by all four fungi. Utilization of other hexoses, pentoses, disaccharides, and polysaccharides varied considerably between the fungi.The relationship of the results obtained to the observations of others on the ecology of soil fungi is discussed and the possibility that combinations of physical and nutritional factors may favor specific fungi in the soil is considered.

scholarly journals METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF CELLS ISOLATED FROM ADULT MOUSE LIVER

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Cellular Permeability ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Soluble Enzymes ◽  
Adult Mouse Liver

Suspensions of isolated cells were prepared from mouse livers that had been perfused via the portal vein with a buffered medium containing sucrose. The demonstration of metabolic activities in these cells was found to be critically dependent on the composition of the suspending medium. The cells showed considerable metabolic activity in a simple medium containing 0.06 to 0.20 M sucrose, but did not respire in 0.30 M sucrose medium. Endogenous respiration was greatest when the sucrose concentration of the medium was 0.10 M or lower and was associated with the formation of acetoacetate. The cells oxidized citric acid cycle intermediates, glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, ß-hydroxybutyrate, α-glycerophosphate, and fatty acids and synthesized urea from ammonium chloride, but carbohydrate substrates did not stimulate oxygen uptake. Cells incubated in Krebs' phosphate-saline did not respire. The lack of respiration in this medium is thought to be related to increased permeability of the cell membrane with penetration of calcium ions and orthophosphate into the cells causing mitochondrial swelling and destruction. Further evidence for the loss of cellular permeability barriers is provided by the demonstration of leakage of certain soluble enzymes into the preparative media.

A chemically defined medium for the production of staphylococcal beta hemolysin

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma S. Sharma ◽  
Riaz-ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Toxin Formation

A synthetic medium, containing L-proline, glycine, L-arginine, L-cystine, L-glutamine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, nicotinamide, thiamine, glucose, sodium citrate, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4∙7H2O, FeSO4∙7H2O, and CaCl2∙2H2O, was developed. It supported growth and beta hemolysin production by the 681C strain of Staphylococcus aureus when the culture was incubated under carbon dioxide. L-Threonine, L-tyrosine, i-inositol, folic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxal HCl, choline Cl, and D-Ca pantothenate were added for obtaining good growth and toxin formation under air. L-Proline, L-glutamine, and L-cystine were the absolute requirements for the production of beta hemolysin under carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide stimulated the production of beta hemolysin, but invariably resulted in lower cell yield.

scholarly journals An improved assay method for neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fazekas de St Groth ◽  
J. Withell ◽  
K. J. Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Techniques Of Neutralization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Simple Synthetic Medium ◽  
Plastic Trays

1. A method has been developed for the assay of antisera against influenza viruses.2. Surviving bits of allantois-on-shell serve as host tissue, eighty to one hundred units being provided by a single egg. The test is set up in plastic trays, and uses a simple synthetic medium.3. The method has worked equally well with the ten representative strains of influenza virus tested. It surpasses the orthodox techniques of neutralization in mice or whole eggs as regards sensitivity, accuracy and economy.

Growth of Vibrio costicola and other moderate halophiles in a chemically defined minimal medium

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Rebecca Wallace ◽  
Alan R. Hipkiss ◽  
Donn J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Lag Period

A simple chemically defined minimal medium consisting of sodium glutamate, glucose, vitamins, and salts was devised to support growth of the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola, over as wide a range of NaCl concentrations as the complex medium, proteose peptone + tryptone. The lag period at higher NaCl concentrations was longer in the chemically defined minimal medium than in proteose peptone + tryptone. Chemically defined minimal medium also supported the growth of an unidentified moderate halophile, HX, and of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. The Mg2+ concentration required for good growth changed with the growth temperature for both V. costicola and HX.

ISOLATION AND INVESTIGATION OF INDUCED ASPOROGENIC MUTANTS

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Lundgren ◽  
G. Beskid
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Casein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Weight Protein

A simple chemically defined (minimal) medium was developed which supported good growth and sporulation of B. cereus var. lacticola. Normal growth and sporulation habits in the medium were determined employing an active growth-culture technique. Induced asporogenic mutants were isolated employing ultraviolet light as the mutagen. Mutants differed in their sporulation habits from the normal culture when grown at 37 °C under the standardized conditions in a minimal synthetic medium. Three mutant cultures appeared to be temperature-sensitive mutants as regards sporulation, that is, in the minimal medium mutant cultures were able to sporulate when grown at 28 °C but were non-sporulating at 37 °C. Sporulation blocks were partially reversed when casein hydrolyzate and some low molecular weight protein building blocks were added to the synthetic medium. The pH changes of the medium during growth and sporulation of normal and mutant cultures were compared.

INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENTS ON PERITHECIAL PRODUCTION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT.

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ross ◽  
S. A. Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ascospore Formation

Nitrates, urea, and amino acids were suitable sources of nitrogen, within a narrow range of concentrations, for perithecial development of Venturia inaequalis in a synthetic medium. Ammonium sulfate was not. The concentration of amino acid nitrogen required to inhibit the formation of perithecia varied with the amino acid. Zinc appeared to stimulate perithecial production. Amino acids differed in the nitrogen concentrations required to inhibit formation of perithecia. Perithecia developed in low concentrations of arabinose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose but did not develop in xylose, ribose, fructose, mannose, or galactose. The disaccharides were particularly suitable. Thiamine appeared to be necessary for ascospore formation.

NITROGEN AND VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF PSEUDOMONAS HYDROPHILA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence R. Tamboline
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Simple Synthetic Medium

Yeast extract and vitamin-free casamino acids were found to be equivalent as sources of nitrogen for the growth of Pseudomonas hydrophila in a glucose – mineral salts medium. The addition of a mixture of thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, biotin, and folic acid to the medium containing vitamin-free casamino acids did not stimulate growth. About 67% as much growth was obtained with a mixture of 20 amino acids and asparagine as with the vitamin-free casamino acids and the mixture could be replaced by any one of asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, and alanine. Of the 11 simple nitrogen compounds tested, including urea, nitrates, and ammonium salts, only ammonium citrate and dibasic ammonium phosphate were utilized appreciably. A simple synthetic medium consisting of ammonium citrate, glucose, and mineral salts was found to give approximately the same amount of growth as the more complex yeast extract – glucose – mineral salts medium.

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