Growth of Vibrio costicola and other moderate halophiles in a chemically defined minimal medium

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Rebecca Wallace ◽  
Alan R. Hipkiss ◽  
Donn J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Lag Period

A simple chemically defined minimal medium consisting of sodium glutamate, glucose, vitamins, and salts was devised to support growth of the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola, over as wide a range of NaCl concentrations as the complex medium, proteose peptone + tryptone. The lag period at higher NaCl concentrations was longer in the chemically defined minimal medium than in proteose peptone + tryptone. Chemically defined minimal medium also supported the growth of an unidentified moderate halophile, HX, and of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. The Mg2+ concentration required for good growth changed with the growth temperature for both V. costicola and HX.

Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Hiroshi Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Essential Growth Factor

Production of halophilic nuclease by a moderate halophile. Micrococcus varians, ATCC 21971, was maximal at 2.5 to 3.5 M NaCl concentration in a complex medium (CM) composed of 1% casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl. The addition of 81 mM MgSO4 to CM inhibited nuclease production in spite of good growth. Microscopic observation showed that this inhibition was accompanied by complete clumping of the cells. The Sehgal and Gibbons complex medium (SGC) which contained 0.75% vitamin-free casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl, however, supported good production of the nuclease in spite of the presence of 81 mM MgSO4. It seemed that both magnesium sulfate and some substances present in CM might be responsible for this inhibition and clumping.A synthetic medium optimal for enzyme production was developed consisting of 16 amino acids, 4 vitamins, 0.73 mM KH2PO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 20 mM MgSO4, and 2.5 M NaCl. The organism required biotin as an essential growth factor, and thiamine, riboflavin, and choline as stimulating factors. Omission of isoleucine from the medium reduced markedly the growth rate. Glutamic acid, proline, and arginine were consumed completely during cultivation in the synthetic medium.

Bacteriocin Typing of Vibrio cholerae

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
A. N. Chakrabarty ◽  
Sati Adhya ◽  
Jayantisri Basu ◽  
Sujata G. Dastidar
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Buffer Concentration ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Bacteriocin Typing ◽  
Citrate Phosphate ◽  
Citrate Phosphate Buffer

Bacteriocins of Vibrio cholerae have been demonstrated against enterobacterial and vibrio indicator organisms by conventional techniques. Abundant bacteriocin production took place on casein hydrolysate-yeast extract, tryptic soy, digest broth, proteose-peptone, and neopeptone agars. Essential factors were a citrate-phosphate buffer concentration of 0.5 to 0.7%, at p H 7.5 to 7.6, and cold shock. Thermal treatment of indicator organisms at 45 C for 12 min increased the percentage of typable strains. The bacteriocins of V. cholerae appeared to be powerful diffusible bactericidal agents. By using 8 indicator strains, 11 bacteriocin types have been recognized among 425 strains, of which 87% are typable at present.

Occurrence of Vibrios in Frozen Seafoods and Survival of Psychrotrophic Vibrio cholerae in Broth and Shrimp Homogenate at Low Temperatures

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽  
LI-LI CHEN ◽  
CHUNG-MING YU
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios

Pathogenic vibrios are important etiologic agents in tropical regions and have been frequently recovered from seafoods and aquacultured foods. In this study, commercially frozen seafoods including peeled shrimps and fish and shrimp dumplings were examined. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibria fluvialis were recovered at 36.0%, 15.8%, 14.9% and 13.2%, respectively. A number of psychrotrophic vibrios were selected and their survival in tryptic soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) (TSBS medium) and shrimp homogenate at 4°C and −30°C were studied. Two psychrotrophic non-O1 V. cholerae (laboratory stocks no 128 and 129) survived well at these low temperatures. Counts decreased by about 1 log/ml in TSBS medium at 4°C for 6 days and 3 log/ml at −30°C for 3 days. Shrimp homogenate provided better protection than TSBS medium for psychrotrophic V. cholerae at −30°C. Survival of V. cholerae at low temperatures was further increased by the addition of 0.5% of heated pyrophosphate and metaphosphate, probably by decreasing the lethality of the cold injury to the cells. Measures should be taken to minimize the risk from pathogenic vibrios in frozen seafoods, especially if phosphates are used and psychrotrophic strains are present.

Functional characterization of VC1929 of Vibrio cholerae El Tor: role in mannose-sensitive haemagglutination, virulence and utilization of sialic acid

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (11) ◽  
pp. 3180-3186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Sharma ◽  
The Su Moe ◽  
Ranjana Srivastava ◽  
Deepak Chandra ◽  
Brahm S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
El Tor

The nonadhesive mutant CD11 of Vibrio cholerae El Tor, defective in expression of mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin, lacks a protein when compared with its parent strain. Determination of the amino acid sequence revealed the identity of the protein as the product of VC1929, which is annotated to encode a protein, DctP, involved in the transport of C4-dicarboxylates. We cloned the dctP gene in pUC19 vector and expressed it in mutant CD11. Expression of DctP in the resulting complemented strain restored virulence, adhesive and colonizing capabilities, mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA) and ability to grow in medium containing sialic acid as a sole carbon source. The mutation in CD11 was caused by insertion of an adenine nucleotide in the reading frame of dctP. Recombinant purified DctP protein showed MSHA of human red blood cells, and protected rabbits against infection by V. cholerae. The protein was localized in membrane and cell wall fractions. The mutant, recombinant CD11 expressing DctP and parent strains were grown in M9 minimal medium in the presence of various carbohydrates (glucose, malate, fumarate, succinate or N-acetylneuraminic acid). The mutant was unable to grow in minimal medium containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) as the sole carbon source whereas the recombinant and parent strains utilized all the sugars tested. It is concluded that DctP is a mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin and a virulence factor and is involved in the utilization of sialic acid.

Effects of iron and manganese availability on growth and production of superoxide dismutase byStreptococcus suis

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F Niven ◽  
Andrew Ekins ◽  
Aws A-W Al-Samaurai
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Activity Staining ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Manganese Availability

A complex medium supported good growth of the type strain of Streptococcus suis irrespective of the presence or absence of a high concentration (1 mM) of the iron chelating agent, ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Good growth was also obtained using a complex medium that had been treated with Chelex-100 to reduce the iron content, but only if this medium was supplemented with manganese; supplementation with iron had little effect. Collectively, these results indicate that S. suis requires manganese, but not iron, for growth. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell extracts followed by activity staining revealed the presence of a single manganese-cofactored superoxide dismutase; activity staining and enzyme assays revealed that manganese availability during growth affected the activity of the superoxide dismutase in cell extracts. The results are discussed with respect to the capacity of S. suis to avoid damage by reactive oxygen species.Key words: Streptococcus suis, iron, manganese, superoxide dismutase.

A medium for commercial production of the halophilic Micrococcus nuclease

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Hiroshi Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Simple Synthetic Medium

A simple synthetic medium (glutamate–sucrose medium) was devised for production, during growth in shaken flasks, of extracellular halophilic nuclease (nuclease H) by a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians subsp. halophilus. A simple medium consisting of 0.7% ammonium sulfate, 1.0% glucose, minerals, three vitamins, and 2 M NaCl gave good growth and excellent production of nuclease H in a jar fermentor when the pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.0 during cultivation.

scholarly journals Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kolvin ◽  
Diane Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Lag Period

SUMMARYThe growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical was studied in a range of cooked foods, shellfish and raw vegetables, incubated at 22°, 30° and 37°C. Both biotypes grew in all cooked foods but growth was not demonstrated on raw shellfish. The organism multiplied on some vegetables to levels of the order of 105/g. The classical biotypes of V. cholerae showed a longer lag period than the eltor biotypes in some foods particularly when incubated at 22°C. The eltor biotypes reached a higher level in the stationary phase than the classical biotypes.

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