NITROGEN AND VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF PSEUDOMONAS HYDROPHILA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence R. Tamboline
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Simple Synthetic Medium

Yeast extract and vitamin-free casamino acids were found to be equivalent as sources of nitrogen for the growth of Pseudomonas hydrophila in a glucose – mineral salts medium. The addition of a mixture of thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, biotin, and folic acid to the medium containing vitamin-free casamino acids did not stimulate growth. About 67% as much growth was obtained with a mixture of 20 amino acids and asparagine as with the vitamin-free casamino acids and the mixture could be replaced by any one of asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, and alanine. Of the 11 simple nitrogen compounds tested, including urea, nitrates, and ammonium salts, only ammonium citrate and dibasic ammonium phosphate were utilized appreciably. A simple synthetic medium consisting of ammonium citrate, glucose, and mineral salts was found to give approximately the same amount of growth as the more complex yeast extract – glucose – mineral salts medium.

MICROBIAL PENTOSANASES: II. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF PENTOSANASES BY BACILLUS PUMILUS AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Steep Liquor

A number of carbohydrates and nitrogenous adjuncts were tested for their effect on the constitutive and adaptive pentosanases produced by Bacillus stibtilis and B. pumilus respectively in a medium containing biotin, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. B. subtilis produced more enzyme with sulphite liquor than with any of the other carbohydrate sources tested. Next, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, maltose, ribose, beet molasses, oat hulls, and pectin. Of the nitrogenous adjuncts tested, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gelatin, gelysate, and ammonium lactate doubled the yield of enzyme whereas yeast extract, peptone, urea, and others were less effective. For B. pumilus the better carbohydrate sources, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, water soluble pentosan of wheat flour, xylan, straw holo-cellulose, wheat straw, and sulphite liquor. Of the nitrogen sources, corn steep liquor was outstanding while casein, casitone, phytone, yeast extract, distillers' dried solubles, and soybean meal followed in decreasing order. A medium containing 6% wheat bran (20 mesh), 1% corn steep liquor neutralized with ammonia, 0.05% sodium chloride, and 0.05% calcium carbonate was devised for the production of pentosanase by B. pumilus. With this medium in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks, the enzyme was produced at a high rate between 12 and 40 hr.; thereafter the rate of production decreased. Maximum yields were obtained in 96 hr. A temperature of 26 °C. was more favorable for pentosanase production than higher temperatures.

Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Hiroshi Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Essential Growth Factor

Production of halophilic nuclease by a moderate halophile. Micrococcus varians, ATCC 21971, was maximal at 2.5 to 3.5 M NaCl concentration in a complex medium (CM) composed of 1% casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl. The addition of 81 mM MgSO4 to CM inhibited nuclease production in spite of good growth. Microscopic observation showed that this inhibition was accompanied by complete clumping of the cells. The Sehgal and Gibbons complex medium (SGC) which contained 0.75% vitamin-free casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl, however, supported good production of the nuclease in spite of the presence of 81 mM MgSO4. It seemed that both magnesium sulfate and some substances present in CM might be responsible for this inhibition and clumping.A synthetic medium optimal for enzyme production was developed consisting of 16 amino acids, 4 vitamins, 0.73 mM KH2PO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 20 mM MgSO4, and 2.5 M NaCl. The organism required biotin as an essential growth factor, and thiamine, riboflavin, and choline as stimulating factors. Omission of isoleucine from the medium reduced markedly the growth rate. Glutamic acid, proline, and arginine were consumed completely during cultivation in the synthetic medium.

Overcoming Antagonistic Effects of Na-Bentazon on Sethoxydim Absorption

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunawan Wanamarta ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Spray Solution

The influence of adjuvants, inorganic salts, and herbicide formulations on the antagonistic effect of Na-bentazon on sethoxydim absorption was studied in quackgrass. Adjuvant BCH 815 00, at 2.4 L ha−1alone or at 1.2 L ha−1combined with 1.1 kg ha−1of ammonium sulfate, added to the sethoxydim and Na-bentazon spray mixture overcame the antagonism on14C-sethoxydim absorption in quackgrass. Crop oil concentrate at rates up to 9.6 L ha−1did not overcome the antagonism. Adding ammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate to the spray solution was as effective as adding ammonium sulfate in overcoming the antagonism caused by reduced absorption of sethoxydim even from the combination of Na-bentazon plus Na-acifluorfen. Ammonium salts and NH4-bentazon overcame the antagonism of Na-bentazon by forming readily absorbed NH4-sethoxydim.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantitation of Aflatoxin for the Diagnosis of Aspergillus flavus

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Rajbhandari Shrestha ◽  
Amin Udhin Mridha
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Aflatoxins are the potent mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, which is hepatotoxic causing hepatocellular carcinoma. A. flavus produces sufficient amount of Aflatoxin B1 under favourable environments. Inhalation of spores and use of Aflatoxin B1, contaminated food by Aspergillus spp., could transfuse the toxins in the blood streams. The presence of these toxins in body fluid can be detected by immunological assays and which provides an effective technique for the diagnosis of the disease caused by A. flavus. Aflatoxins producing strain of A. flavus were screened in Aflatoxin Producing Medium. Production of Aflatoxin B1 by A. flavus was studied in different parameters such as incubation periods, temperatures, pH variations, sucrose concentration in Yeast Extract Sucrose medium and different natural media such as par-boiled rice, corn and groundnuts. The detection of toxins was done by TLC using silica gel (Merk) coated plates and confirmative test was done by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. Presence and quantization was done by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Highest amount of Aflatoxin B1 was reported 68.56 ng/ml by ELISA in synthetic medium (Yeast Extract Sucrose) with 2% sucrose, pH 5.5, on 14th days of incubation, at 28±1°C (p-value 0.05). Similarly, highest amount was recorded in groundnuts (121.20ng/g) by ELISA and (500ng/kg) by TLC methods. ELISA is one of the most efficient methods used for detection and diagnosis of human diseases cause due to exposure of Aflatoxin B1 and A. flavus.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 6-9

In vitro growth of wheat and flax rust fungi on complex and chemically defined media

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bose ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Australian Isolate ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Melampsora Lini

Growth from uredospores seeded in axenic culture is described for several races of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Erikss. and Henn.) and race 3 of Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lév. on complex media containing peptone, yeast extract, and bovine serum albumin (BSA); and for an Australian isolate of Puccinia graminis, race 126-ANZ 6,7, and Melampsora lini, race 3, on chemically defined, liquid media.Of six North American isolates of Puccinia graminis only race 38 formed colonies approaching those of race 126-ANZ 6,7 in final size and general morphology on complex media. 5′AMP had no effect on the growth of 126-ANZ 6,7, but cyclic AMP inhibited growth after uredospore germination. Good growth and sporulation were obtained with 126-ANZ 6,7, but not with the other isolates tested, using a new, chemically defined liquid medium, sterilized by millipore filtration, and containing glucose, Czapek's minerals plus micronutrients, Ca2+, glucose and aspartic acid, glutathione, and cysteine. Uredospores produced in culture reinfected exposed mesophyll tissue, but not intact seedling leaves of wheat.Highly reproducible growth and sporulation of Melampsora lini, race 3, were obtained routinely on a solid medium containing Difco-Bacto agar, sucrose, Knop's minerals, micronutrients, yeast extract, peptone, and BSA. Vegetative cultures, capable of reinfecting the cut ends of surface-sterilized flax cotyledons, could be maintained indefinitely by subdivision before sporulation and transfer to the same medium minus BSA. Evidence is presented that BSA stimulated the development of colonies and the formation of uredospores. The mode of action of BSA is unknown, but it could not be replaced by putrescine.A new chemically defined, liquid medium containing sucrose, Knop's mineral salts, micronutrients, aspartic (or glutamic) acid, and cysteine supported the growth of colonies of Melampsora lini in a highly reproducible manner. The formation of uredospores and teliospores by these colonies was controlled by (a) the level of Ca2+ (as Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O), (b) the concentration of aspartic acid, and (c) the number of colonies per flask. At inoculum levels giving 40 to 60 colonies per flask, in media containing 8.5 mM Ca+ and 45 mM aspartic acid, uredospore formation occurred in 60 to 70% of the colonies. A decrease in the Ca2+ level to 4.25 mM, or a decrease in aspartic acid to 22.5 mM, or adjustment of the inoculum level to give about 10 colonies per flask each resulted in only infrequent sporulation. The uredospores produced in vitro infected intact, 1-week-old flax cotyledons in a normal manner.

scholarly journals Intracellular symbiosis and vitamin requirements of two insects, Lasioderma serricorne and Sitodrepa panicea

1944 ◽  
Vol 132 (867) ◽  
pp. 212-221 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Better Than

Normal larvae of two beetles, Lasioderma serricorne and Sitodrepa panicea , and larvae freed from their intracellular symbionts have been grown on various diets. On white flour, a food deficient in vitamins of the B group, normal larvae grow very much better than sterilized larvae, while no such difference in the growth rate occurs on a diet rich in vitamins of the B group, e. g. wholemeal flour plus yeast. On an artificial diet which contains the vitamins of the B complex in pure substances, the normal Lasioderma larva grows well or fairly well in the absence of either thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxin or pantothenic acid, and the normal Sitodrepa larva in the absence of any of these vitamins except thiamin. The sterilized larvae of both species fail to grow in the absence of any of these five vitamins. It is concluded that the intracellular symbionts of Lasioderma and Sitodrepa supply vitamins of the B group.

A MINIMAL SYNTHETIC MEDIUM SUPPORTING GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nutritional requirements of a Micrococcus species (M. freudenreichii, A.T.C.C. No. 407) were studied. The organism required glutamic acid, thiamine, biotin, magnesium, iron, and potassium for growth. Cells from such a synthetic medium were shown to contain methionine indicating that inorganic sulphur was used. Glutamic acid could not be replaced with glutamine (unheated), aspartic acid, asparagine, nor ammonium salts. The relationship of nutritional requirements of micrococci and staphylococci to classification is discussed.

Effects of Yeast Extract on Poly-ε-Lysine Production in Batch Culture of Streptomyces Albulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Chen ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yong Ze Wang ◽  
Fa Tang Jiang ◽  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Dry Cell

Yeast extract (YE) is a sole organic nitrogen source in a commonly medium 3G for Streptomyces albulus to produce poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL). In this study, five YEs from five commercial suppliers were used to evaluate their effects on the growth of Streptomyces albulus 213 and ε-PL production. YE from bakers’ yeast with the highest total nitrogen content (TN), α-amino nitrogen content (AN) or the ratio of AN/TN produced the highest yield of ε-PL, while YE from brewers’ yeast with the highest RNA content got the most dry cell weight (DCW). However, there was little correlation between TN, AN or AN/TN in YE and the yield of ε-PL. There was also weak correlation between RNA in YE and DCW. When 60% baker YE was mixed with 40% brewer YE, the yield of ε-PL reached 1.89 g/l and increased by 16% and 37% than those of baker YE and brewer YE, respectively. Furthermore, five kinds of vitamins and nine kinds of amino acids were screened to supplement baker YE. When 6 mg/l biotin, 5mg/l pantothenic acid, 0.7 g/l L-glutamine and 0.5 g/l L-arginine were mixed with baker YE in M3G, ε-PL reached maximum production respondent to 3.05 g/l that was 61.4% higher than control.

INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PSEUDOMONAS DENITRIFICANS BY AMINO ACIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace J. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Pseudomonas Denitrificans ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

A large number of amino acids failed to support growth of Pseudomonas denitrificans in a basal medium composed of glucose, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. Inability of an amino acid to support growth correlated well with its inhibitory action in a complete medium made up by adding L-glutamic acid to the basal medium. D-Amino acids were more toxic than the corresponding L-forms, and neutral amino acids were more toxic than acidic amino acids. Basic amino acids which were least toxic supported the best growth. The danger of the indiscriminate use of amino acid mixtures for culture studies is discussed.

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