Lipid composition of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonja Song ◽  
Neil Tattrie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Total fatty acids of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures for 8 days were determined. Triglycerides, diglycerides, mono- and di-galactosyl-diglycerides were isolated and their constituent fatty acids were analyzed. Sterols and sterol esters as well as the major phospholipids were quantitatively isolated and analyzed at various stages of growth. Palmitic and linolenic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all the isolated compounds until the 5th day of growth when the linolenic acid rapidly decreased and the oleic acid increased until the end of the growth period. Stearic acid remained at about 5% during the entire growth period. Linoleic acid increased from 12 to 20% between 6 and 30 h, then decreased to the original value of the inoculum. The free sterols, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol (72:18:10) changed very little during the 8-day growth period. The three main phospholipids (phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-glycerol) increased rapidly between 12 and 48 h of growth but changed very little during the next 6 days.

Ultrastructure and lipid changes in Pyrenochaeta terrestris during aging

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunasekaran ◽  
W. M. Hess ◽  
D. J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Dense Substance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris

Pyrenochaeta terrestris, the onion pink root fungus, was grown on a reciprocal shaker in a synthetic medium which contained cellulose as the only carbon source. The mycelium was processed for lipid analysis and ultrastructural investigations after 8, 16, 24, and 32-day growth intervals.Hyphal cells contained membrane complexes. An electron-dense substance was present in large quantities on hyphal cell walls until after the 24-day period. As the cultures aged, organelles in some hyphal cells disintegrated and viable hyphal cells grew inside senescent cells in some cases. It was not possible to correlate positively lipid content observed at the ultrastructural level with the biochemical lipid analysis as a result of the relatively small amount of lipid observed in hyphal cells at the ultrastructural level.The lipid analysis indicated that the lipid content and mycelial weight reached a maximum at the 16-day period. The major fatty acids present were: C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. As aging occurred, the amount of unsaturation increased in the free fatty acids, the total fatty acids, and the fatty acids of the diglycerides and triglycerides. Only the fatty acids of the monoglycerides failed to increase in unsaturation. The sterol content increased slightly over the total growth period.

Lipidic compounds from the extract of the springtail Tetrodontophora bielanensis (WAGA)

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Stránský ◽  
Antonín Trka ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský ◽  
Milan Streibl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols

Surface and internal lipidic compounds from the springtail Tetrodontophora bielanensis (WAGA) were investigated. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods the following compounds were detected: n-alkanes (C15 - C35), lycopane (C40H82), olefin C40H80, seven groups of esters (including sterol esters), secondary alcohol C40H82O, triacyl glycerols, free saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (C12 - C22) and free sterols (cholesterol and desmosterol).

Lipid composition and polyene antibiotic resistance of Candida albicans mutants

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Pierce ◽  
H. D. Pierce Jr. ◽  
A. M. Unrau ◽  
A. C. Oehlschlager
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Major Sterol ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
The Individual

Four polyene-resistant mutants (C7, E4, C4, D10) of Candida albicans were derived by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine followed by isolation on nystatin-containing medium. The mutants were cross resistant to amphotericin B, lucensomycin, and candicidin and showed the same order of increasing resistance to the four polyenes tested, i.e., C7 < E4 < C4 < D10. Free sterols, sterol esters, and phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed in the mutants and sensitive parent strain. The lipids of C7 were the same as those of the sensitive parent strain. Mutant E4 contained lichesterol and other Δ8-sterols indicating a block at the Δ8→ Δ7 isomerase, and most of the sterol ester fraction consisted of 4,14-desmethyl sterols. The most resistant mutants C4 and D10 had reduced growth rates, alterations in phospholipid fatty acids, and the absence of 4,14-desmethyl sterols. Mutants C4 and D10 had similar lipid compositions with 24-methylenelanosterol as the major sterol and lesser amounts of obtusifoliol and lanosterol. The proportion of the total sterol that was esterified was low and similar (19–34%) in cultures of the mutants and of the sensitive strain harvested in the same stage of stationary growth. Total sterol content, however, increased with resistance. Polyene resistance was better correlated with the type of sterols in the total sterol pools rather than with the degree of esterification of the individual sterols, i.e., resistance increased with the presence of Δ8- and 4,14-methyl sterols. Our data indicate that factors other than or in addition to alterations in sterol and phospholipid patterns account for polyene resistance.

Some Evidence for Light-induced Transfers of Fatty Acids in Euglena gracilis

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 270-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride

Euglena gracilis was grown in the dark for 12 days. Subsequent incubation with sodium octanoate- l-14C in the dark for 6 hours resulted in a rather specific incorporation of radioactivity into the neutral lipids (primarily wax esters). Upon illumination of these cells in an identical medium without radiocarbon, the radioactivities in the neutral lipids decreased strongly, due to a decrease of the labeled wax acids (mainly 1 4:0) and wax alcohols (mainly C14). The radioactivities in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased during the first 24 hours of illumination and thereafter decreased. This was caused by the initial increase and subsequent decrease of the labeled 14:0 and 16:0 acids in phosphatidyl choline and of the 14:0, 16:0 , and 18:1 acids in phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The chloroplast lipids (sulfolipid, phosphatidyl glycerol, monogalactosyl diglyceride, and digalactosyl diglyceride) exhibited a steady increase in radiocarbon content. This was due to an increase of label in the 16:0 fatty acid of the sulfolipid, in the 16:0 and trans3-16:1 fatty acids of the phosphatidyl glycerol, and in the saturated and unsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids of the monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides. The labeled fatty acids of the above phospho- and glycolipids had comparably high specific radioactivities. Incorporation of radiocarbon into the last two carbon atoms of their methyl ends, however, was low. The glycerol and sugar moieties of the individual lipids incorporated relatively little radiocarbon. It is concluded that in Euglena gracilis the biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids is associated with specific lipids. Upon illumination, oxidative breakdown of the neutral lipids as well as transfers of fatty acids from the neutral lipids via phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine to the chloroplast lipids seem to be induced. The lipids involved appear to function as parts of a “lipid-bridge” for the acyl transfers.

THE DEPOSITION OF LINOLEIC ACID IN RATS FED CORN OIL

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Oil

Rats were fed different levels (0–30%) of corn oil in a purified basal diet, and the proportion of linoleic acid in the total fatty acids of carcass and liver lipids measured by gas–liquid chromatography. At 9 weeks, the proportion of linoleic acid in the carcass fatty acids of rats receiving no fat was 2%, whereas in those receiving 20% corn oil the proportion was 46%; this level was not exceeded when 30% corn oil was fed for the same time. In rats fed 2 or 20% corn oil for intervals up to 24 days, the proportion of linoleic acid in the liver fatty acids reached a maximum more quickly than did that in the carcass. The concentration of linoleic acid in chromatographically separated liver neutral lipid, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was influenced to different degrees by the dietary level of that acid. The greatest increase in linoleic acid occurred within 3 days in the liver neutral lipids of rats supplied with the higher level of linoleate; smaller increases occurred in the phosphatidyl choline within 3 days and in phosphatidyl ethanolamine within 6 days. With increasing levels of corn oil in the diet, the concentration of linoleic acid in the liver neutral lipids approached that of the dietary oil.

The effect of salt concentration on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hanna ◽  
Carmela Bengis-Garber ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
Margot Kogut ◽  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Whole Cells

The major lipids of Vibrio costicola membranes and whole cells are phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Lesser amounts of lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, cardiolipin, a glycolipid, and two other phospholipids, tentatively identified as lysocardiolipin and lysophosphatidyl glycerol, are also present. Phosphatidyl glycerol content markedly increased, whereas that of phosphatidyl ethanolamine decreased, with increasing salt concentration (0.5 to 3 M NaCl) in the growth medium. These changes result in an increase in the mole ratio of negatively charged polar lipids to neutral polar lipids. Little effect of growth phase on the proportions of the lipid components or their fatty acids was observed in cells grown in 1 M salt. The major fatty acids found were 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1; minor amounts of 14:0, 17:1, and 18:0, and traces of 12:0, 12:1, 14:1, 15:0, 15:1, and 17:0 were also found. The proportions of certain fatty acids also changed with changing salt concentration in the medium.

Light-induced Changes of Radioactivities in the 14C-labeled Lipids and Fatty Acids of Dark Grown Euglena gracilis

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Main Fatty Acid ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Induced Changes

Euglena gracilis was grown in the dark for 12 days in a medium containing sodium acetate- 1-14C. The major amount of 14C was incorporated into the neutral lipids. In these compounds myristic acid was the main fatty acid labeled. Subsequent growth in light (70 hours) in an identical medium (containing unlabeled acetate) led to a strong decrease of radiocarbon in the neutral lipids. The radioactivities in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased during the first 28 hours of illumination and thereafter decreased. The radioactivities in phosphatidyl glycerol, sulfolipid, monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride increased continously. After 70 hours of illumination, most of the radiocarbon was detected in the saturated and unsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids of these four lipids. The possibility of light-induced transfers of fatty acids from neutral lipids via phospholipids to the galactolipids is discussed.

LIPIDS OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
S. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Monoenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Bound Lipids ◽  
Cellular Lipids

Cells of Serratia marcescens, whether pigmented or unpigmented, contained 10–11% of methanol–chloroform extractable lipids (dry weight basis) and < 1% of bound lipids. The extractable lipids contained 34–43% phosphatides, 3–11% unsaponifiable material, and 2–5% free fatty acid. The phosphatides contained high proportions of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and smaller amounts of phosphatidyl serine, polyglycerol phosphatides, phosphatidyl glycerol, and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphatide probably associated with ornithine and other amino acids found in the lipid hydrolyzate.The fatty acids were found to consist largely of palmitic, C17- and C19-cyclopropane and C16- and C18-monoenoic acids. The proportions of monoenoic and cyclopropane acids were found to vary greatly with the age of the cultures; in the early stages of growth, regardless of pigmentation, low amounts of cyclopropane acids and high amounts of monoenoic acid were present, the latter being converted almost completely to cyclopropane acids during the active growth phase.The lipids associated with extracellular lipopolysaccharide material were similar in composition to the cellular lipids.

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