Ultrastructure and lipid changes in Pyrenochaeta terrestris during aging

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunasekaran ◽  
W. M. Hess ◽  
D. J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Dense Substance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris

Pyrenochaeta terrestris, the onion pink root fungus, was grown on a reciprocal shaker in a synthetic medium which contained cellulose as the only carbon source. The mycelium was processed for lipid analysis and ultrastructural investigations after 8, 16, 24, and 32-day growth intervals.Hyphal cells contained membrane complexes. An electron-dense substance was present in large quantities on hyphal cell walls until after the 24-day period. As the cultures aged, organelles in some hyphal cells disintegrated and viable hyphal cells grew inside senescent cells in some cases. It was not possible to correlate positively lipid content observed at the ultrastructural level with the biochemical lipid analysis as a result of the relatively small amount of lipid observed in hyphal cells at the ultrastructural level.The lipid analysis indicated that the lipid content and mycelial weight reached a maximum at the 16-day period. The major fatty acids present were: C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. As aging occurred, the amount of unsaturation increased in the free fatty acids, the total fatty acids, and the fatty acids of the diglycerides and triglycerides. Only the fatty acids of the monoglycerides failed to increase in unsaturation. The sterol content increased slightly over the total growth period.

Enhanced Microalgal Lipid Production in Internally Illuminated Airlift Photobioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Irem Deniz ◽  
Zeliha Demirel ◽  
Esra Imamoglu ◽  
Meltem Conk Dalay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
White Light ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractInternal illumination systems are being considered for use as an alternative light supply technique in microalgal products. The main goal of the study was to analyze the roles of different light wavelengths in internally illuminated airlift photobioreactors (PBRs) providing the light energy in an efficient way for the biomass production, lipid yield, and fatty acid composition of Amphora capitellata. The maximum chlorophyll-a concentration per unit biomass (2.62 ± 0.16 mg L−1) was obtained under red light, which was only 14% higher than under blue light in internally illuminated airlift PBR, whereas low chlorophyll-a content was found under white light. Maximum specific growth rate of 0.317 day−1, which corresponded to a doubling time of 2.185 days, was obtained under red light for A. capitellata. It was found that lipid content increased with decreasing growth rate for A. capitellata. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the principal fatty acids accounting for between 31%‐33% and 31%‐32% of total fatty acids, respectively. It is important to underline that red and blue light spectrum ranges contribute to improved biomass growth, whereas white light has the potential to support lipid content of diatoms.

Screening of fatty acid composition in Nitzschia sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliha Demirel ◽  
Esra Imamoglu ◽  
Meltem Conk Dalay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractIntroduction:The main target of this study was to compare the effects of nitrogen limitation and light intensities on cell growth, lipid content and fatty acid profile ofMethods:F/2 medium and N-free F/2 medium were both tested at two different light intensities of 11 and 56 μEmResults:The presence of nitrogen led to more cells grown efficiently. Furthermore, the increase in chlorophyll content went parallel to the increase in dry weight. The most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) which constituted 17%–42% and 15%–48% of total fatty acids for all growth conditions, respectively. It was recorded that palmitoleic acid was present at higher concentrations than palmitic acid.Discussion and conclusion:The noteworthy finding was that the lipid content increased with increasing the growth rate of

scholarly journals Intracellular flow cytometric lipid analysis: A multiparametric system to assess distinct lipid classes in live cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badwi B. Boumelhem ◽  
Chelsea Pilgrim ◽  
Vincent E. Zwicker ◽  
Jacek L. Kolanowski ◽  
Jia Hao Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Flow Cytometric

The lipid content of mammalian cells varies greatly between cell type. Current methods for analysing lipid components of cells are technically challenging and destructive. Here, we report a facile, inexpensive method to identify lipid content: intracellular flow cytometric lipid analysis (IFCLA). Distinct lipid classes can be distinguished by Nile Blue, Nile Red fluorescence or violet autofluorescence. Nile Blue is fluorescent in the presence of unsaturated fatty acids with a carbon chain length greater than 16. Cis-configured fatty acids induce greater Nile Blue fluorescence than their trans-configured counterparts. In contrast, Nile Red exhibits greatest fluorescence in the presence of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, some triglycerides and phospholipids. Multiparametric SPADE analysis of hepatic cellular lipid distribution including Vitamin A autofluorescence is presented. This flow cytometric system allows for the rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive identification of lipid content and highlights the differences in lipid biology between cell types by imaging and flow cytometry.

The fatty acid composition of conidia of Aspergillus niger V. Tiegh.

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunasekaran ◽  
W. M. Hess ◽  
D. J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The lipids from conidia of Aspergillus niger were extracted and identified. The polar lipid content was higher (54.3%) than the neutral lipid fraction (45.7%). The major fatty acids present were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. The amount of unsaturation in total fatty acids (62%) was higher than the unsaturation in the polar lipids (35%). Freeze-etched replicas of dormant conidia revealed the presence of lipid bodies.

Lipid composition of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonja Song ◽  
Neil Tattrie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Total fatty acids of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures for 8 days were determined. Triglycerides, diglycerides, mono- and di-galactosyl-diglycerides were isolated and their constituent fatty acids were analyzed. Sterols and sterol esters as well as the major phospholipids were quantitatively isolated and analyzed at various stages of growth. Palmitic and linolenic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all the isolated compounds until the 5th day of growth when the linolenic acid rapidly decreased and the oleic acid increased until the end of the growth period. Stearic acid remained at about 5% during the entire growth period. Linoleic acid increased from 12 to 20% between 6 and 30 h, then decreased to the original value of the inoculum. The free sterols, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol (72:18:10) changed very little during the 8-day growth period. The three main phospholipids (phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-glycerol) increased rapidly between 12 and 48 h of growth but changed very little during the next 6 days.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND HOST-REACTIVE PROPERTIES OF ENDOTOXIN WITH LOW CONTENT OF NITROGEN AND LIPID

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ribi ◽  
Willard T. Haskins ◽  
Maurice Landy ◽  
Kelsey C. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenol Water ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Reactive Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Endotoxins of low lipid content prepared from S. enteritidis by the aqueous ether method have been further treated to remove bound lipid by non-hydrolytic procedures. Such endotoxins, containing as little as 2 per cent lipid A, were as potent in stimulating a variety of physiological responses as those prepared by the well known phenol-water or Boivin procedures which yield products containing as much as 30 per cent lipid A. To verify the difference in lipid content between the aqueous ether preparations and other types of endotoxins, three different methods of lipid analysis were employed: determination of chloroform-soluble material released by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid (lipid A) or with acetic acid (lipid W), and estimation of total bound fatty acids. These methods were in accord in showing the magnitude of the difference. No more than one-half of the fatty acids present in endotoxin were associated with the fraction designated lipid A. Methods are described for the preparation of potent endotoxins with analytical values for nitrogen, phosphorus, hexosamine, carbohydrate, and fatty acid which do not differ appreciably from those of the classical, non-toxic, haptenic polysaccharides.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN LIPID CONTENT OF SERUM AND OF LIVER FOLLOWING BILATERAL RENAL ABLATION OR URETERAL LIGATION

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Winkler ◽  
S. H. Durlacher ◽  
H. E. Hoff ◽  
E. B. Man
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Renal Ablation ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

1. In the dog and monkey bilateral nephrectomy or ureteral ligation results in a marked, progressive increase of total fatty acids, of free and esterified cholesterol, of phospholipid, and of free fat of serum. 2. No such changes follow unilateral nephrectomy, splenectomy, or fasting. 3. The increase after bilateral nephrectomy is not inhibited by glucose administration. 4. A marked increase of the phospholipid and a less significant elevation in cholesterol content of the liver accompanies this increase of serum lipids after bilateral nephrectomy.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

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