LIPIDS OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
S. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Monoenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Bound Lipids ◽  
Cellular Lipids

Cells of Serratia marcescens, whether pigmented or unpigmented, contained 10–11% of methanol–chloroform extractable lipids (dry weight basis) and < 1% of bound lipids. The extractable lipids contained 34–43% phosphatides, 3–11% unsaponifiable material, and 2–5% free fatty acid. The phosphatides contained high proportions of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and smaller amounts of phosphatidyl serine, polyglycerol phosphatides, phosphatidyl glycerol, and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphatide probably associated with ornithine and other amino acids found in the lipid hydrolyzate.The fatty acids were found to consist largely of palmitic, C17- and C19-cyclopropane and C16- and C18-monoenoic acids. The proportions of monoenoic and cyclopropane acids were found to vary greatly with the age of the cultures; in the early stages of growth, regardless of pigmentation, low amounts of cyclopropane acids and high amounts of monoenoic acid were present, the latter being converted almost completely to cyclopropane acids during the active growth phase.The lipids associated with extracellular lipopolysaccharide material were similar in composition to the cellular lipids.

Effects of cholesterol on growth and lipid composition of Pythium sp. PRL 2142

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Brushaber ◽  
J. J. Child ◽  
R. H. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
Weight Yield

Addition of exogenous cholesterol to Pythium initially increases the growth rate, but the final dry weight yield is reduced. Cholesterol induces an overall increase in lipid synthesis after the initial period of rapid growth. The lipid content of cholesterol-grown mycelium becomes about double that of mycelium grown without cholesterol. The proportion of phosphatidyl serine relative to other phospholipids is reduced by half in mycelia grown with cholesterol. The major phospholipids are phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl choline. Minor phospholipids identified are phosphatidyl inositol, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and cardiolipin. No significant differences were noted in fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Lipidomic profiling of the developing kernel clarifies the lipid metabolism of Paeonia ostii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui-Yan Yu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yu-Ping Lyu ◽  
Zu-Jie Yao ◽  
Yong-Hong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Fatty Acyls

AbstractLipid components in the developing kernel of Paeonia ostii were determined, and the fatty acid (FA) distributions in triacylglycerol and phospholipids were characterized. The lipids in the kernel were mainly phospholipids (43%), neutral glycerides (24%), fatty acyls (26%), and sphingolipids (4.5%). The dominant neutral glycerides were TAG and diacylglycerol. The PL components included phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. As the kernel developed, the profiles of the molecular species comprising TAG and PL changed, especially during the earlier phases of oil accumulation. During rapid oil accumulation, the abundances of sphingosine-1-phosphate, pyruvic acid, stearic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid changed significantly; the sphingolipid metabolism and unsaturated FAs biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in these differentially abundant metabolites. Our results improve our understanding of lipid accumulation in tree peony seeds, and provide a framework for the analysis of lipid metabolisms in other oil crops.

Lipids of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bobo ◽  
R. G. Eagon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Bound Lipids

A survey of the content and composition of lipids from isolated cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus was made. The following results are average values from several experiments. The readily extractable lipids made up 15.7% and the firmly bound lipids 8.7% of the dry weight of the cell walls of P. aeruginosa. The readily extractable lipids of B. abortus cell walls accounted for 11.4% and the firmly bound lipids 6.4% of the dry weight of the walls.The readily extractable lipids were further separated into phospholipids, free fatty acids, and neutral lipids. These lipids of P. aeruginosa cell walls contained 44.9% phospholipids and 52.9% free fatty acids and neutral lipids. In B. abortus cell walls the phospholipids accounted for only 22.1% of the free lipids whereas the free fatty acids and neutral lipids made up 76.1%.The phospholipids of P. aeruginosa and B. abortus were shown by thin-layer chromatography to be composed of four and seven components respectively. The bulk of the phospholipids was phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol of the cardiolipin type. Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine was also present in both organisms. The presence of phosphatidyl choline could not be demonstrated conclusively since choline could not be detected in the hydrolytic products of the phospholipids; however, infrared spectra of the total lipids and of the phospholipids of both P. aeruginosa and B. abortus showed absorption bands at 970 cm−1 which are characteristic of phosphatidyl choline.Gas–liquid chromatography of the free fatty acids of P. aeruginosa showed the major portion of these acids to be C16 and C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The bulk of the free fatty acids of B. abortus consisted of C18 saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (C18:2) together with lesser amounts of C16 saturated and monounsaturated acids. Two components were tentatively identified as C19 cyclopropane and C19:0 fatty acids respectively. Small amounts of both C12 and C14 saturated fatty acids were found in both organisms. No hydroxy fatty acids could be identified in either P. aeruginosa or B. abortus.Calcium and magnesium, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, were associated with all the phospholipid components in both organisms. However, the largest quantities of calcium and magnesium were found in the phospholipid components, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Trace amounts of zinc were present in all phospholipid components of the cell walls of both microorganisms. Manganese was not detected.

Lipid composition of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonja Song ◽  
Neil Tattrie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Total fatty acids of morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) cells grown in suspension cultures for 8 days were determined. Triglycerides, diglycerides, mono- and di-galactosyl-diglycerides were isolated and their constituent fatty acids were analyzed. Sterols and sterol esters as well as the major phospholipids were quantitatively isolated and analyzed at various stages of growth. Palmitic and linolenic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all the isolated compounds until the 5th day of growth when the linolenic acid rapidly decreased and the oleic acid increased until the end of the growth period. Stearic acid remained at about 5% during the entire growth period. Linoleic acid increased from 12 to 20% between 6 and 30 h, then decreased to the original value of the inoculum. The free sterols, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol (72:18:10) changed very little during the 8-day growth period. The three main phospholipids (phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-glycerol) increased rapidly between 12 and 48 h of growth but changed very little during the next 6 days.

scholarly journals Production characteristics of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenb.) Reimann et Lewin grown in an intensive culture at various nitrogen sources in the medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Zheleznova
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Cylindrotheca Closterium ◽  
Production Characteristics

The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Levin is characterized by high productivity (up to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1) and the ability to accumulate a valuable carotenoid fucoxanthin (up to 2 % of dry weight). In the development of biotechnology based on microalgae, the key issue is the creation of concentrated nutrient medium. Nitrogen is one of the most important components in the nutrient medium that significantly affects the production characteristics of all microalgae. The aim of this study is to compare the production characteristics of C. closterium in an intensive storage culture using different forms of nitrogen in the medium. In the first experiment, nitrate and sodium nitrite, urea, and nitrogen in the form of ammonium were used as a source of nitrogen. The amount of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, and urea in the medium was calculated from the nitrogen content of the RS nutrient medium, with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 15 : 1. In the second experiment, amino acids were used as a nitrogen source – arginine, asparagine, cysteine. The possibility of using the microalgae C. closterium for the growth of various organic sources of nitrogen (urea, cysteine, asparagine) was shown. Productive characteristics in the intensive storage culture of C. closterium using urea, cysteine, and asparagine as the sole source of nitrogen in the RS nutrient medium were determined. It is shown that when urea was used, the productivity reached its maximum values and amounted to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1. Thus, the expediency of using urea in the medium for obtaining the maximum yield of biomass was shown. The use of cysteine in the stationary phase of growth to achieve a long stationary phase with minimal concentrations of the nitrogen source in the nutrient medium is also advisable. It was found that C. closterium was able to grow and vegetate at sufficiently high concentrations of nitrite, and the addition of nitrogen in ammonium form to the nutrient medium during the active growth of C. closterium led to inhibition of all metabolic processes and to the death of the culture.

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Camphorweed(Heterotheca subaxillaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Awang ◽  
T. J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Heterotheca Subaxillaris ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Control

Germination studies on camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby] revealed that freshly harvested disk achenes germinated best at 17.5 C (88%) while ray achenes were dormant. Camphorweed seed from disk achenes also germinated at temperatures as low as 3 C. Seedlings grown under long-day conditions at 23 C day and 8 C night temperatures for 144 days elongated at the rate of 0.18 cm/day. Plants grown under short-day conditions at the same temperature regime elongated at the rate of 0.06 cm/day. Total leaf surface area, fresh weight, and dry weight of shoots of plants grown under long days were at least 1.5 times greater than plants grown under short day conditions. Camphorweed, regardless of size and age, survived a 2-h exposure at −5 C. All plants in the rosette stage survived at −15 C in the freezer and an overnight temperature of −11.7 C in the field, whereas larger plants were killed at these temperatures. Stage of growth was an important factor in the herbicidal control of camphorweed. Plants in the rosette stage were generally more susceptible to herbicides than older plants. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bypyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha, methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 5.0 kg/ha, and a formulated mix of diuron [3–3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 4.5 kg/ha provided adequate control of camphorweed in the rosette stage. Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha applied alone did not control camphorweed in the rosette form but was more effective on older plants. Various combinations of these herbicides were generally effective at both stages of growth.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS IN PLANTS: I. INCORPORATION OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE-32P AND GLYCEROPHOSPHATE-32P INTO PHOSPHATIDES OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Sastry ◽  
M. Kates
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of incorporation of 32P from orthophosphate-32P or DL-α-glycerophosphate-32P into the phosphatides of Chlorella vulgaris during photosynthesis was studied. Rapid labelling of phosphatidyl glycerol was observed with both precursors, followed by lower rates of incorporation into lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol. The results are discussed in the light of biosynthetic pathways known for animal and bacterial cells.

Water status and yield of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) subjected to water stress during four stages of development

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sionit
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SummaryThe effects on seed yield of two levels of water stress at four stages of development were investigated in two varieties of sunflower, Krasnodarets and Record. The plants were grown from seed in large pots in an air-conditioned glasshouse at 26/20 °C and 70% relative humidity, with natural summer illumination. They were subjected to water stress before head formation, during head formation, during flowering, and during seed development.The leaf water potential of plants subjected to a water stress of – 16 bars returned to normal after rewatering, but plants subjected to – 23 bars did not return to their prestress level and some leaves died. A water stress of – 16 bars caused no significant reduction in dry weight of the vegetative structures, but stress at all stages of growth reduced seed yield. A water stress of – 23 bars reduced both total dry weight and seed yield at all stages of growth, seed yield being reduced more by a stress of – 23 bars than of – 16 bars. Oil content was slightly reduced by water stress.Water stress during anthesis reduced sunflower seed yield more than during later stages of development.

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