Pure culture synthesis of ectomycorrhizae by Thelephora terrestris and Pisolithus tinctorius on different conifer hosts

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
W. Craig Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

In a special plant-growth room, isolates of Thelephora terrestris produced basidiocarps and formed typical ectomycorrhizae with seedlings of bristlecone, jack, sand, lodgepole, shortleaf, slash, sugar, Austrian, longleaf, cluster, ponderosa, red, pitch, eastern white, Scots, loblolly, and Virginia pines and Douglas fir. Atypical mycorrhizae (lacking mantle) were formed on seedlings of Norway spruce and jack, Japanese red, and Himalayan pines. The formation of atypical mycorrhizae was considered a result of differences in the symbiotic–parasitic nature of the fungal symbionts on different hosts. Pisolithus tinctorius formed typical mycorrhizae with seedlings of jack, sand, Japanese red, shortleaf, slash, Austrian, longleaf, cluster, red, pitch, eastern white, Scots, loblolly, and Virginia pines. Reisolation of specific fungal symbionts from mycorrhizae of several pine hosts was successful.Mycorrhizae formed by T. terrestris were macroscopically and microscopically different from those of P. tinctorius, but mycorrhizae formed by different isolates of T. terrestris were indistinguishable from each other, regardless of host. These results suggest that the fungal symbiont determines color and morphology of ectomycorrhizae.

Efficiency in a forest nursery of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum produced in a fermentor and entrapped in polymeric gels

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1664-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Le Tacon ◽  
G. Jung ◽  
J. Mugnier ◽  
P. Michelot ◽  
C. Mauperin
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽  
Polymeric Gels ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

In a nursery in the centre of France, we have compared the effect of different forms of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum (Hebeloma cylindrosporum) on growth and mycorrhizal development of Douglas-fir and Norway spruce after soil fumigation. Compared with inoculum produced on peat and vermiculite, the inoculum produced in a fermentor and entrapped in polymeric gels significantly improved Douglas-fir and Norway spruce seedling growth. The Hebeloma mycorrhizal index was not significantly different between the different forms of inocula. The superiority of the inoculum produced in the fermentor and entrapped in gels is probably related to the high metabolic activity of the mycelium and to the protection given by the polymers after the incorporation of the inoculum into the soil. Hebeloma cylindrosporum stimulates seedling growth even in the presence of Thelephora terrestris mycorrhiza.

Intraspecific and interspecific growth variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi at different temperatures

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Cline ◽  
Raymond C. France ◽  
C. P. Patrick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Temperature Optima

Geographically distinct isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius, Cenococcum geophilum, Thelephora terrestris, and Suillus granulatus showed definite temperature optima for growth in pure culture. Temperatures promoting the greatest fungal growth varied interspecifically and intraspecifically over the temperature treatments of 16, 21, 27, 32, and 38 °C. Of the four fungal species, Pisolithus tinctorius exhibited the greatest growth at the higher temperature treatments, with growth optima for all isolates occurring between 21 and 32 °C. The maximum temperature for growth of Cenococcum geophilum was 27 °C, with optimal mycelial growth occurring between 16 and 27 °C, depending upon the particular isolate considered. Suillus granulatus showed greatest mycelial growth at 27 °C and below, with temperature optima for the different isolates ranging from 16 to 32 °C. The pure-culture growth of Thelephora terrestris was high relative to the other fungal species examined with growth optima between 21 and 27 °C. The degree of intraspecific variation of mycelial growth in response to temperature was high for all fungal species, indicating the existence of physiologically distinct genotypes. Attempts to relate fungal growth performance to geographic origin of isolate showed a trend for Pisolithus tinctorius. However, no such relationships were apparent for the other species.

Pure culture synthesis of bearberry mycorrhizae

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

Synthesis of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) ectendomycorrhizae in pure culture by Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius sanguifluus, Pisolithus tinctorius, Poria terrestris vars. cyaneus and subluteus, Rhizopogon vinicolor, and Thelophora terrestris is described.

Studies on ectomycorrhizae of pine in an electronically air-filtered, air-conditioned, plant-growth room

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
W. Craig Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Forest Conditions ◽  
Forest Humus ◽  
Pine Species

An air-filtered, air-conditioned, plant-growth room is described and results of initial studies on ectomycorrhizae of pine in the room are presented. The room was fumigated with methyl bromide and maintained free of airborne spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi for 5 months.In the room, loblolly pine seedlings in pots of soil infested with forest humus developed ectomycorrhizae, whereas several hundred control loblolly pine seedlings did not form ectomycorrhizae. Eleven pine species grown in flats of soil infested with either of two isolates of Thelephora terrestris formed morphologically indistinguishable ectomycorrhizae. Noninoculated seedlings of the same pine species did not form ectomycorrhizae but developed dichotomously branched short roots and root hairs.Outside the room, 90% of loblolly pine seedlings grown in pots developed four different ectomycorrhizal forms, regardless of treatment. The 11 species of pine in flats of initially uninfested soil formed abundant ectomycorrhizae with at least two airborne symbionts, one of which was T. terrestris.Large numbers of pine seedlings with and without specific ectomycorrhizal associations can be studied in other than aseptic culture in the room. In this manner, natural forest conditions can be more closely duplicated for studies on ectomycorrhizal versus nonmycorrhizal relationships.

Variation and genetics of ribonucleases and phosphodiesterases in conifer seeds

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mejnartowicz ◽  
F. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Isoenzyme Variation ◽  
Conifer Seeds ◽  
Starch Gel

Using techniques of starch gel electrophoresis, isoenzymes of ribonuclease 11 (RNase, EC 3.1.4.23) and phosphodiesterase I (PDase, EC 3.1.4.1) could be identified in endosperm tissue from dry seeds of three conifer species: Norway spruce (Picea abies). Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The RNase patterns mostly exhibited a relatively great number of isoenzyme bands as well as a considerable tree-to-tree variation, whereas the PDase system revealed only one enzyme zone in each of the three seed species. Furthermore, an isoenzyme variation within the PDase zones appeared to be very infrequent and could only be detected in Norway spruce and Douglas fir. However, the isoenzyme patterns of RNase as well as PDase showed significant differences between the conifer species. The genetic basis of the intraspecific isoenzyme variations could be easily analyzed, since the test material (seed endosperm) represented haploid tissues resulting from macrogametophytes after fertilization. Hence, it was possible to identify three polymorphic RNase gene loci in Douglas fir seeds, two in Scots pine seeds, and one in Norway spruce seeds. The PDase zone in each conifer species was controlled by one gene locus which revealed allelic forms only in Norway spruce and Douglas fir seeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals The Ectomycorrhizospheric Habitat of Norway Spruce and Tricholoma vaccinum: Promotion of Plant Growth and Fitness by a Rich Microorganismic Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Wagner ◽  
Katrin Krause ◽  
Ramses Gallegos-Monterrosa ◽  
Dominik Sammer ◽  
Ákos T. Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce
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