Haze detection and haze-induced process latitude variation for low-k 1 193 nm lithography

Author(s):  
Sung-Jin Kim ◽  
Jin-Baek Park ◽  
Sung-Hyuck Kim ◽  
Hye-Young Kang ◽  
Young-Min Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
193 Nm ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Iwasaki ◽  
Kristell Courouble ◽  
Steven Lippy ◽  
Fabrice Buisine ◽  
Hidekazu Ishikawa ◽  
...  

TiN Hard Mask (TiN-HM) integration scheme has been widely used for BEOL patterning in order to avoid ultra low-k (ULK) damage during plasma-ash process [1]. As the technology node advances, new integration schemes have to be used for the patterning of features below 80 nm pitch with 193 nm immersion lithography. In particular, thicker TiN-HM is necessary in order to ensure Self-Aligned-Via (SAV) integration which resolves via-metal short yield and TDDB issues caused by Litho-Etch-Litho-Etch (LELE) misalignment [2, 3]. The Cu filling process is significantly more difficult if the thick TiN is not removed because of the high aspect ratio of the structures. Moreover, with the use of TiN hard mask, a time-dependent crystal growth (TiCOF) residue may forms between line etch and metal deposition [4, 5], also hindering copper filling. Post-Etch-Treatment after line etching is one solution to the problem but N2plasma is not efficient enough to suppress the residue completely [6], and the CH4treatment proposed in [5] may be difficult to implement for 14 nm node, thus an efficient wet strip and clean provides a better solution.


2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Satyanarayana ◽  
Ken Brennan ◽  
Thieu Jacobs ◽  
Richard Berger
Keyword(s):  
193 Nm ◽  

2008 ◽  
Vol 516 (11) ◽  
pp. 3454-3459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kesters ◽  
M. Claes ◽  
Q.T. Le ◽  
M. Lux ◽  
A. Franquet ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Braginsky ◽  
Alexander Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry Lopaev ◽  
Yury Mankelevich ◽  
Olga Proshina ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTLow-k dielectric films can be substantially damaged during plasma processing. High energy UV and VUV photons emitted by plasma play the key role in damaging the porous low-k films directly or indirectly by stimulating chemical reactions with radicals in plasma and plasma afterglow. The different ULK samples (k: 2.0-2.2, porosity: 30-50%, pore radius: 1-2 nm) were studied by exposing to five radiation sources at various wavelengths (VUV: 193 nm, 147 nm, 104-106 nm, 58.3 nm, and EUV: 13.5 nm). Time-spatial behavior of the ULK damage as a function of photons fluence was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and XRF analysis. It is shown that the degree of damage depends on wavelength of UV light. The major UV damage was observed at the wavelengths below 193 nm. The maximum damage corresponds to 147 nm while the degree of damage at 58.3 nm was much smaller. In the case of organosilicate (OSG) based ULK materials, the degree of damage, as a rule, increases with porosity. Organic low-k materials are damaged more than OSG at 193 nm, but at shorter wavelengths (147, 106, 58.3 and 13.5 nm) they are more stable than OSG. One-dimensional model for radiation absorption and dynamics of CH3 group destruction in ULK films was developed. The cross-sections of photons absorption and photo-stimulated Si-CH3 bond breaking in ULK films for 13.5 -147 nm wavelength range were derived from a combined experimental and modeling study. The obtained values allow to simulate the VUV/EUV induced modifications of low-k materials with different composition, to understand better the mechanisms of plasma damage and to generate ideas for controllable modifications of low-k materials.


1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yumi

ABSTRACTAnalysing the residual latitude of the station, local trend in latitude variation other than by the polar motion was found.Residual latitude was calculated for each of 26 stations which gave the continuous records of observation during 6 years comprising — 1962 — 1967 as a difference between observed variation of latitude and – normal variation calculated by the polar coordinates Iderived from all the results of 26 stations.As far as the results during these six years are concerned, local trend at any station it seemed to be expressed in terms of 3λ.Assumed effect of local trend on the coordinates values of the instantaneous pole is also discussed.


Author(s):  
Avril V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A.P. Somlyo

This is a preliminary report of electron probe analysis of rabbit portal-anterior mesenteric vein (PAMV) smooth muscle cryosectioned without fixation or cryoprotection. The instrumentation and method of electron probe quantitation used (1) and our initial results with cardiac (2) and skeletal (3) muscle have been presented elsewhere.In preparations depolarized with high K (K2SO4) solution, significant calcium peaks were detected over the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Fig 1 and 2) and the continuous perinuclear space. In some of the fibers there were also significant (up to 200 mM/kg dry wt) calcium peaks over the mitochondria. However, in smooth muscle that was not depolarized, high mitochondrial Ca was found in fibers that also contained elevated Na and low K (Fig 3). Therefore, the possibility that these Ca-loaded mitochondria are indicative of cell damage remains to be ruled out.


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