scholarly journals Honest and cheating strategies in a simple model of aggressive communication: the role of spatial correlations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Számadó ◽  
András Szántó
Keyword(s):  
Simple Game ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Aggressive Communication ◽  
Evolution Of Communication ◽  
Traditional Game

AbstractThe evolution and maintenance of communication in terms of aggressive interactions is a long-debated issue. Several game theoretical models and individual based computer simulations investigated this problem in terms of a simple game of aggressive communication. So far all of these investigations focused on well mixed population of individuals. However, spatial correlations can emerge in nature where individuals or group of individuals defend resources. The extensive literature on cooperative games show that these spatial correlations can be vital in the maintenance and evolution of cooperative strategies, thus it is reasonable to expect that such correlations could play an important role in the evolution of honest communication as well. Here we investigate a traditional game of aggressive communication in a spatially explicit context. We investigate the role of spatial correlations by comparing results of evolvability in well mixed populations with results from spatially explicit populations. Spatial correlations seem to inhibit the evolution of communication in the spatially explicit version of this game. This result is unexpected, and it requires further investigation to understand.

scholarly journals Two Facets of Organizational Politics, the Constructive and Destructive Role of Organizational Politics on Employee Work Related Attitudes: A Theoretical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor un Nissa Shahani ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Anam Syed ◽  
Nazia Dharejo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Perception Of Politics ◽  
Perception Of Organizational Politics

The aim of study this to enhance understanding of employee’s attitude towards organizational politics. The positive and negative impact of perception of organizational politics on employee job attitudes is discussed in this paper which caters to one of the most significant issue attracting much of attention by organizational scientists. Numerous productive and counter productive work attitudes are identified by extensive literature review of research papers, articles and different sources at internet. An extensive study of literature has been carried out to discuss two theoretical models of perception of politics. Therein, the article sheds light on the positive outcomes of politics through the first model followed by underlining the negative outcomes of politics at the workplace. The paper also enlightens readers` knowledge and understanding on how organization can work to make the most of this prospect whilst ensuring it does not affect any organizational objectives. The review also forwards lays discussion on both the models for scholars enthusiastic to test and confirm the assertions of both the models for better managerial implication in future.

The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽  
Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽  
Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

Exploring the role of identity fusion and group identification in predicting parochialism amongst Indonesian Islamic groups

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Michael Kavanagh ◽  
Susilo Wibisono ◽  
Rohan Kapitány ◽  
Whinda Yustisia ◽  
Idhamsyah Eka Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Identification ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
Fusion Theory

Indonesia is the most populous Islamic country and as such is host to a diverse range of Islamic beliefs and practices. Here we examine how the diversity of beliefs and practices among Indonesian Muslims relates to group bonding and parochialism. In particular, we examine the predictive power of two distinct types of group alignment, group identification and identity fusion, among individuals from three Sunni politico-religious groups - a fundamentalist group (PKS), a moderate group (NU), and a control sample of politically unaffiliated citizens. Fundamentalists were more fused to targets than moderates or citizens, but contrary to fusion theory, we found across all groups, that group identification (not fusion) better predicted parochialism, including willingness to carry out extreme pro-group actions. We discuss how religious beliefs and practice impact parochial attitudes, as well as the implications for theoretical models linking fusion to extreme behaviour.

scholarly journals (P2-1) Large Civilian Jets Configured for Aeromedical Use: Implications for Disaster Health

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s135-s135
Author(s):  
S. Curnin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Study ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Aeromedical Evacuation ◽  
Study Tour ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Military

BackgroundAustralia is a vast and isolated country and often the only viable option of transporting multiple casualties is using fixed wing aircraft. A number of civilian aeromedical services and the military are responsible for the evacuation of casualties, both nationally and internationally. Due to Australia's increased operational commitments, the military can no longer be expected to provide a rapid aeromedical deployment. This situation, coupled with the limited surge capacity of Australia's civilian fixed wing aeromedical services, highlights the need for Australia to improve preparation and readiness for a large scale civilian aeromedical response.Discussion and ObservationsHistorically, the use of large jets configured for aeromedical use has been exclusively the domain of the military. Yet in recent years the use of large civilian jets configured for aeromedical capability has been suggested as a solution. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of large civilian jets configured for aeromedical use in the event of a disaster with multiple casualties. This study involved an extensive literature review and an international study tour of aeromedical services that are at the forefront of using large jets in aeromedical evacuation. The findings identified that standard civilian jets can easily be reconfigured for transporting multiple casualties. It is argued that this strategy can be an inexpensive and effective option and should be included in emergency preparedness arrangements. The aim of this paper is to prompt disaster health agencies in Australia to consider the use of a civilian jet system that can be used for a disaster requiring a large scale aeromedical response.

scholarly journals Marketing Ethics and Relationship Marketing - An Empirical Study that Measure the Effect of Ethics Practices Application on Maintaining Relationships with Customers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alshurideh ◽  
B. H. Al Kurdi ◽  
Anu Vij ◽  
Zaid Obiedat ◽  
Abdallah Naser
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Ethical Practices

<p>The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of ethics embedded practices on maintaining long-term relationships with customers. Based on an extensive literature review, four elements of marketing ethics, namely, honesty, autonomy, privacy and transparency were identified and examined by utilizing a sample of 360 participants. Adopting a quantitative approach, the study conducted on telecommunication sector subscribers revealed that the elements of marketing ethics affected an organization’s ability of maintaining long-term relationships with customers and had a strong influence on feedback, transparency and privacy. The results also showed the crucial role of generating feedback from customers for creating and maintaining long-term relationships. The results will enable marketers to not only analyze the importance of adopting ethical practices in their strategies but also the relative relevance of these practices as perceived by customers.</p>

World Englishes, Pragmatics, and Discourse

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Kachru
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Selection Of

The central role of English in cross-cultural communication worldwide has made it a unique site for understanding diversity in systems of discourse pragmatics. In contact situations, these differences can help to refine theoretical models, such as the question of how universal speech acts or properties of facework and politeness are. They can also have significant real-world implications in the form of cross-cultural (mis-) communication in globalized contexts. This chapter reviews a selection of examples of speech acts and politeness in World Englishes contexts that use theoretical models to account for variation, but in some instances also challenge elements of such models. The discussion also includes a consideration of variation in surface form as well as variation in discourse other than conversational speech, such as written genres.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of using the demonstration principle in ballet pedagogy

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Alexey Viktorovitch Fomkin
Keyword(s):  
Golden Rule ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Teaching Professional

Demonstration is one of the most important teaching principles. The foundation for the scientific study of this principle was laid by the outstanding pedagogue Ya.A. Komensky, who called it the golden rule of didactics. Later, Komenskys ideas were developed by J.H. Pestalozzi, K.D. Ushinsky, and other pedagogues. A special role in clarifying and specifying the functions of demonstration belongs to Russian pedagogues and psychologists developing the ideas of the unity of consciousness and activity (S.L. Rubinstein), the theory of activity (A.N. Leontyev), and the theory of gradual formation of mental actions (P.Ya. Galperin). Demonstration has been used in teaching dance since the ancient times, when various visual aids were used to illustrate the teachers words. Yet, despite the presence of extensive literature in other areas, in ballet pedagogy the study of demonstration has been limited to just a few researchers - N.I. Tarasov, E.P. Valukina, and A.A. Alferova. This paper presents the first attempt in ballet pedagogy to comprehensively analyse the use of the principle of demonstration in ballet teaching. Drawing on the historical traditions of ballet education, the author shows the leading role of demonstration in teaching professional skills to ballet artists and reveals the essence of the main types of demonstration - figural/pictorial, verbal, image-based and natural. The paper highlights the leading role of figural demonstration, in which showing of movements is traditionally the main teaching tool. The combination of the four types of demonstration - figural, verbal, image-based and natural - facilitates the visual, audial and motor perception of a movement (or its model, image) by the students allowing them to internalize movements into their psyche and body.

scholarly journals Implicit Bias Reflects the Personal and the Social

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Rivers ◽  
Heather Rees ◽  
Jimmy Calanchini ◽  
Jeff Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Biases ◽  
And Storage

This issue’s target article by Payne, Vuletich, and Lundberg (PV&amp;L) does exactly what one should, presenting an argument that is thought-provoking and that challenges current orthodoxy. It also addresses an issue that has increasingly confounded attitudes researchers in recent years. The construct of “implicit bias” was initially conceptualized as a latent construct that exists within persons, relatively resistant to situational influences. A plethora of theoretical models converge on the notion that implicit biases, including intergroup biases, are representations that are stored in memory (e.g., Devine,1989; Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, &amp; Williams, 1995; Gawronski &amp; Bodenhausen, 2006; Greenwald et al., 2002; Wilson, Lindsay, &amp; Schooler, 2000). Although some perspectives emphasize the role of culture in contributing to implicit measures of bias, even these perspectives rely on the learning and storage of mental representations (Olson &amp; Fazio, 2004).

scholarly journals Learning theories and computers in TAFE education

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Pellone
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Educational Aid

<span>The place of the computer in the classroom especially within TAFE Colleges has increased dramatically over the past decade. This paper attempts to describe the role of computers in TAFE education providing some understanding of the principal theoretical models of learning and their relationship with the computer as an educational aid.</span>

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