Components of the Stilbene Optical Brightener Tinopal LPW as Enhancers for the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Baculovirus

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shapiro ◽  
Robert Argauer
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Tinopal Lpw

Stilbenes as enhancers for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shapiro ◽  
Robert A. Argauer
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Brilliant Yellow ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Synthetic Estrogen ◽  
Synthetic Estrogens ◽  
Tinopal Lpw

AbstractThe stilbenes 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid, and dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid were tested as enhancers for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV). 4-Amino nitrostilbene disulfonic acid had no effect on the activity (LC50) of LdNPV, whereas both 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid and 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid were inhibitory. Diethylstilbestrol, a stilbene synthetic estrogen, and two synthetic estrogens (i.e., estradiol-17-acetate, estrone acetate) had no effects on viral activity. Two stilbene dyes (i.e., direct yellow 62, brilliant yellow 6) and a stilbene optical brightener (i.e., Tinopal LPW) significantly increased the activity of LdNPV. Activity was increased by approximately 230-fold by Tinopal LPW, 26-fold by direct yellow 62, and 36-fold by brilliant yellow 6. This study demonstrates that some stilbenes can act as enhancers, whereas others do not.

Enhancement in Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Baculoviruses Infectious to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Selected Optical Brighteners

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shapiro ◽  
John J. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tinopal Lpw ◽  
Anagrapha Falcifera ◽  
Alfalfa Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (SfMNPV) was the most active virus tested against fall armyworm, larvae (LC50 = 8.1 PIB per mm2). No LC 50s could be obtained for the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), NPV (AcMNPV), the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), NPV (AfMNPV), the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), NPV (GmMNPV), or the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), NPV (HaMNPV). The addition of an optical brightener, Tinopal LPW® (1%), (Sigma Co., St. Louis, MO) significantly enhanced the activities of all NPVs. The most activie NPV/Tinopal LPW combination was SfMNPV, followed by AcMNPVm HaMNPV, AfMNPV, and GmMNPV. In terms of speed of kill, SfMNPV was the most active virus tested. When Tinopal LPW was added, the LT50 was reduced by more than 35%. The addition of Tinopal LPW to the heterologous NPVs resulted in LC50 and LT50 values that were comparable to SfMNPV alone. Five of eight brighteners acted as activity enhancers for SfMNPV (i.e., Blankophor BBH, Blankophor HRS, Blankophor P167, Blankophor RKH, and Tinopal LPW), whereas Blankophor BSU, Blankophor DML, and Blankophor LPG did not enhance virus activity.

The synergistic action and UV protection of optical brightener on three different geographic isolates of Asian Gypsy Moth Nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796-1802
Author(s):  
王树娟 WANG Shujuan ◽  
段立清 DUAN Liqing ◽  
李海平 LI Haiping ◽  
马涛 MA Tao ◽  
Otvos. I.S Otvos. I.S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth
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