Stilbenes as enhancers for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shapiro ◽  
Robert A. Argauer
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Brilliant Yellow ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Synthetic Estrogen ◽  
Synthetic Estrogens ◽  
Tinopal Lpw

AbstractThe stilbenes 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid, and dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid were tested as enhancers for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV). 4-Amino nitrostilbene disulfonic acid had no effect on the activity (LC50) of LdNPV, whereas both 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid and 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid were inhibitory. Diethylstilbestrol, a stilbene synthetic estrogen, and two synthetic estrogens (i.e., estradiol-17-acetate, estrone acetate) had no effects on viral activity. Two stilbene dyes (i.e., direct yellow 62, brilliant yellow 6) and a stilbene optical brightener (i.e., Tinopal LPW) significantly increased the activity of LdNPV. Activity was increased by approximately 230-fold by Tinopal LPW, 26-fold by direct yellow 62, and 36-fold by brilliant yellow 6. This study demonstrates that some stilbenes can act as enhancers, whereas others do not.

Differences in activity enhancement of a baculovirus by an optical brightener between Choristoneura fumiferana and Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
I.S. Otvos
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Host System ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Optical brighteners were recently discovered to function as UV protectants for baculoviruses of insects (Shapiro 1992) and, also, to enhance entomopathogenic activity of these viruses (Hamm and Shapiro 1992; Li and Otvos 1999a). Enhancement of viral activity by brighteners varied greatly from one virus–host system to another: for example, from 1500-fold in LdMNPV against Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Argauer and Shapiro 1997) to 2- to 13-fold in a multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (CfMNPV) against Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Li and Otvos 1999a). The reason for this variation in enhancement of viral activity is still unknown. In this study, we used CfMNPV to compare the levels of viral enhancement by an optical brightener between C. occidentalis and C. fumiferana.

Control of Third and Fourth Instar Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) with Gypchek Combined with a Stilbene Disulfonic Acid Additive on Individual Shade Trees1

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Webb ◽  
N. H. Dill ◽  
J. D. Podgwaite ◽  
M. Shapiro ◽  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Potential Use

The efficacy of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), Gypchek, in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive, Blankophor BBH, was evaluated against third and fourth-instar gypsy moth in 1992. Treatments were applied with hydraulic ground equipment to plots of one to three oak trees each in a gypsy moth-infested woodlot on the eastern shore of Maryland. An analysis of larvae collected from the plots revealed that the plots treated with LdMNPV and Blankophor BBH had significantly (P < 0.05) more larval mortality and significantly lower LT50 values than did plots treated with LdMNPV alone. Additionally, Blankophor BBH applied alone appeared to interact with native virus present in the field plots and significantly (P < 0.05) increased larval mortality when compared with untreated plots. The implications of these results for the potential use of LdMNPV in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive are discussed.

Stimulation of cyclic AMP formation and nerve electrical activity by octopamine in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the female gypsy moth Lymantria dispar

2006 ◽  
Vol 1071 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Olianas ◽  
Paolo Solari ◽  
Luciana Garau ◽  
Anna Liscia ◽  
Roberto Crnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effects of maternal nutrition and egg provisioning on parameters of larval hatch, survival and dispersal in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.

Oecologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Diss ◽  
J. G. Kunkel ◽  
M. E. Montgomery ◽  
D. E. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Egg Provisioning
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