Glomerella tucumanensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum, S. harberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, Erianthus giganteus, E. munja, Leptochloa dubia, L. filiformis, Sorghum halepense, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense. Also on Narenga sp. and Zea mays on inoculation. DISEASE: Red rot of sugarcane, characterized by the occurrence within the stem of red areas with white centres or flecks and reddening of vascular strands. Attack also occurs on leaf sheath and midrib where small lesions may become confluent. Lesions on the leaf blades normally remain small. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in almost all sugarcane growing areas. (CMI Map 186) TRANSMISSION: From soil, in infected crop residues; in Louisiana, trash contained perithecia from February to May (42: 486). Ascospores can be dispersed aerially to give rise to secondary infections of the upper nodes; conidia more usually in irrigation water. The fungus may be present in nodes of apparently healthy stock (30: 544) and therefore can be transmitted during propagation.

Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum; also produces a limited amount of infection when inoculated into Sorghum halepense and S. vulgare but, unlike P. rubrilincans, it does not affect Zea mays. DISEASE: Mottled stripe of sugarcane. Stripes are paler than those of red stripe disease, speckled and often fewer per leaf. No top rot occurs. Of minor economic importance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apparently less widespread than P. rubrilineans. Reported in Africa (Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Tanzania), Asia (Ceylon), Australasia (Fiji, New South Wales, Queensland), Europe (Italy), North America (U.S.A.), Central America (Barbados, Guadelope, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico), South America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru). (CMI Map 337). TRANSMISSION: Wind and rain are thought to be the most important factors in spread within fields. It is introduced to new areas in diseased setts.

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Peronosclerospora spontanea. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronosclerospora spontanea (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus japonicus), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and teosinte (Zea mexicana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (the Philippines, Thailand).

Cochliobolus heterostrophus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Main Host ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diffuse Lesion

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Generally on leaves of Zea mays, the main host, Euchlaena mexicana, Sorghum vulgare and many species of Gramineae (41: 40; 45, 3084; 48, 414; 50, 2257i). During an epidemic in USA caused by race T in 1970 no important hosts apart from Z. mays were noted (50, 2257b). DISEASE: Southern leaf blight of maize, forming very numerous lesions up to 2.5 cm long, mostly on the leaves. They are at first elliptical, then longitudinally elongate, becoming rectangular as restriction by the veins occurs; cinnamon-buff (sometimes with a purplish tint) with a reddish-brown margin and occasionally zonate, coalescing and becoming greyish with conidia. Symptoms caused by race T show a less well defined, somewhat diffuse lesion, with marginal chlorosis leading to leaf collapse, and all parts of the plant can be attacked. Perithecia have been recently reported in the field at the junction of leaf sheath and blade (50, 2257j). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics (CMI Map 346, ed. 3, 1969) but not reported from Australia. Records not yet mapped are: Brunei, Guatemala, Hawaii, Israel, Laos, Mexico, Salvador and Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air-dispersed but no detailed studies seem to have been reported. During the recent USA outbreak the disease spread from Florida to Maine in c. 6 months (50, 2257c). Spread by seed occurs (50, 3690, 3692; Crosier & Boothroyd, Phytopathology 61: 427, 747).

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Dolichos Biflorus ◽  
Salmon Pink ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Limited Period

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On French, runner and broad beans, Phaseolus aborigineus, P. acutifolius, P. aurecus, P. lunatus var. macrocarpus, P. mungo, P. radiatus, cowpea, Dolichos biflorus, Lablab niger and occasionally on other Leguminosae. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod anthracnose. Lesions on stems and pods more clearly defined than those on leaves, grey or brown, slightly sunken with raised dark brown or reddish edge, frequently bearing conspicuous light salmon pink spore masses. All vegetative parts, except pulvini, are susceptible during early stages of development; invasion of the tap root of a young plant can lead to death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed, present in almost all areas where beans are grown (I.M.I. Map 177, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: Overwinters in seed and on buried infected crop residues. Survives for at least 2 yr on seed (32: 114) and is capable of withstanding temperatures of-15°C to -20°C for a limited period (6: 322). Dispersal within the crop by water, air currents and contact; no extensive growth in soil has been reported.

Aphelenchoides arachidis. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Nigeria.

Xanthomonas albilineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Orian reports various hosts by inoculation including Zea mays, Coix lachryma-jobi, Paspalum spp. etc. (22: 226). DISEASE: Leaf scald. A vascular disease with two distinct phases, acute and chronic (31: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: St. Lucia, Martinique, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Hawaii, Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion, Formosa, Ceylon, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Philippine Islands, Fiji, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). (CMI Map 33). TRANSMISSION: Primarily on infected cuttings, secondary by contaminated knives or other harvesting instruments (see also 31: 144, for spread by rats, and beetles. etc.).

Pseudomonas rubrlineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrlineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Also found infecting Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum (35: 750) and Zea mays (37: 205). Produces symptoms on Sorghum spp. when artificially inoculated. DISEASE: Red stripe disease of sugarcane. Two types of symptom occur: leaf stripe, in which long, narrow, sharply delineated, dark red stripes are observed and top rot, which may occur with or without leaf stripe symptoms. The latter phase of the disease causes much greater economic losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely dispersed throughout the world and reported from many sugarcane areas (CMI Map 39, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is spread by wind and rain, especially in warm humid weather. Cottrell-Dormer showed that liquid exuded from stomata and hydathodes in such weather may contain large numbers of bacteria. Penetration is through stomata or wounds. The disease can be introduced into new areas with infected setts.

Ustilago scitaminea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Ustilago Scitaminea

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago scitaminea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), S. barberi, S. spontaneum (Kens grass) and (fide McMartin, 24: 290) in S. Africa the wild grasses Imperata arundinacea[Imperata cylindrica] and Erianthus saccharoides. Zea mays (maize) has been experimentally infected by Hirschhorn (44: 686). DISEASE: Sugarcane smut. See Antoine (1961) for a comprehensive account. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, E. and S. Africa, Madagascar), Asia (widespread), S. America, and elsewhere; absent from N. America and Australia; see CMI Map, 79, Ed. 2, 1960. TRANSMISSION: Infection is by air borne spores. The spores germinate easily and under moist conditions soil borne infection is not considered to be a hazard.

Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb, Chen et al. Bacteria. Hosts: maize (Zea mays), sweetcorn (Zea mays subsp. mays), teosinte (Zea mexicana) and perennial teosinte (Zea perennis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela).

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