Ustilago scitaminea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Ustilago Scitaminea

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago scitaminea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), S. barberi, S. spontaneum (Kens grass) and (fide McMartin, 24: 290) in S. Africa the wild grasses Imperata arundinacea[Imperata cylindrica] and Erianthus saccharoides. Zea mays (maize) has been experimentally infected by Hirschhorn (44: 686). DISEASE: Sugarcane smut. See Antoine (1961) for a comprehensive account. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, E. and S. Africa, Madagascar), Asia (widespread), S. America, and elsewhere; absent from N. America and Australia; see CMI Map, 79, Ed. 2, 1960. TRANSMISSION: Infection is by air borne spores. The spores germinate easily and under moist conditions soil borne infection is not considered to be a hazard.

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Peronosclerospora spontanea. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronosclerospora spontanea (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus japonicus), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and teosinte (Zea mexicana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (the Philippines, Thailand).

Eksplorasi dan Uji Virulensi Jamur Patogen Gulma Daun Sempit di Pertanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Dede Yusup Ziaulhak
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Progress Curve

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) jenis jamur patogen penyebab penyakit pada gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, 2) informasi virulensi jamur patogen terhadap gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, dan 3) informasi virulensi jamur patogen gulma daun sempit terhadap tanaman budidaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan rumah kaca, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto dilaksanakan dari Oktober 2019 sampai Agustus 2020. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahap yaitu eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji virulensi jamur patogen gulma. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel gulma bergejala menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Uji virulensi dilakukan pada gulma dan tanaman budidaya, yaitu Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus kyllingia, Cyeperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, dan Sacharum officinarum. Variabel yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit, masa inkubasi, area under diseases progress curve (AUDPC), bobot tanaman basah, dan bobot tanaman kering. Hasil dari eksplorasi diperoleh jamur patogen Curvularia lunata dan Fusarium oxysporum. Perlakuan jamur C. lunata pada gulma C. rotundus menunjukkan intensitas paling besar di antara gulma yang lain, dan perlakuan F. oxysporum dengan intensitas 22,5714% bahkan mampu menimbulkan kematian pada gulma C. rotundus. Sementara perlakuan jamur F. oxysporum menunjukkan intensitas yang lebih besar pada gulma D. ciliaris dengan kisaran 6,116%. Jamur patogen gulma daun sempit virulen terhadap gulma daun sempit dan tidak virulen terhadap tanaman budidaya yang diujikan.

Glomerella tucumanensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum, S. harberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, Erianthus giganteus, E. munja, Leptochloa dubia, L. filiformis, Sorghum halepense, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense. Also on Narenga sp. and Zea mays on inoculation. DISEASE: Red rot of sugarcane, characterized by the occurrence within the stem of red areas with white centres or flecks and reddening of vascular strands. Attack also occurs on leaf sheath and midrib where small lesions may become confluent. Lesions on the leaf blades normally remain small. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in almost all sugarcane growing areas. (CMI Map 186) TRANSMISSION: From soil, in infected crop residues; in Louisiana, trash contained perithecia from February to May (42: 486). Ascospores can be dispersed aerially to give rise to secondary infections of the upper nodes; conidia more usually in irrigation water. The fungus may be present in nodes of apparently healthy stock (30: 544) and therefore can be transmitted during propagation.

Aphelenchoides arachidis. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Nigeria.

Xanthomonas albilineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Orian reports various hosts by inoculation including Zea mays, Coix lachryma-jobi, Paspalum spp. etc. (22: 226). DISEASE: Leaf scald. A vascular disease with two distinct phases, acute and chronic (31: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: St. Lucia, Martinique, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Hawaii, Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion, Formosa, Ceylon, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Philippine Islands, Fiji, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). (CMI Map 33). TRANSMISSION: Primarily on infected cuttings, secondary by contaminated knives or other harvesting instruments (see also 31: 144, for spread by rats, and beetles. etc.).

Pseudomonas rubrlineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrlineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Also found infecting Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum (35: 750) and Zea mays (37: 205). Produces symptoms on Sorghum spp. when artificially inoculated. DISEASE: Red stripe disease of sugarcane. Two types of symptom occur: leaf stripe, in which long, narrow, sharply delineated, dark red stripes are observed and top rot, which may occur with or without leaf stripe symptoms. The latter phase of the disease causes much greater economic losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely dispersed throughout the world and reported from many sugarcane areas (CMI Map 39, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is spread by wind and rain, especially in warm humid weather. Cottrell-Dormer showed that liquid exuded from stomata and hydathodes in such weather may contain large numbers of bacteria. Penetration is through stomata or wounds. The disease can be introduced into new areas with infected setts.

Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum; also produces a limited amount of infection when inoculated into Sorghum halepense and S. vulgare but, unlike P. rubrilincans, it does not affect Zea mays. DISEASE: Mottled stripe of sugarcane. Stripes are paler than those of red stripe disease, speckled and often fewer per leaf. No top rot occurs. Of minor economic importance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apparently less widespread than P. rubrilineans. Reported in Africa (Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Tanzania), Asia (Ceylon), Australasia (Fiji, New South Wales, Queensland), Europe (Italy), North America (U.S.A.), Central America (Barbados, Guadelope, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico), South America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru). (CMI Map 337). TRANSMISSION: Wind and rain are thought to be the most important factors in spread within fields. It is introduced to new areas in diseased setts.

Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Planting Material

Abstract A description is provided for Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Saccharum officinarum, where it is restricted to the xylem. It produces a characteristic wilting when inoculated into sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid NB280S (61, 5933); also able to multiply in the xylem of various grasses and cereals, including Brachiaria mutica, B. miliiformis, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, S. sudanense, S. verticilliporum, Sporobolus capensis and Zea mays when artificially inoculated, but although it can be transmitted back to sugar cane to produce the disease, it does not produce symptoms in these plants (Gillespie & Teakle, 1989). DISEASE: Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugar cane. The cane makes slower than normal growth and is generally unthrifty. Canes are thinner with shorter internodes than normal and ratoon or stubble crops are particularly affected. Internally, reddish vascular bundles may be seen, especially at the nodes, or in immature cane, the interior of the nodes may be generally a faint pink. Such symptoms are, however, not particularly reliable for diagnosis, as they can result from stress caused by other factors. To confirm the disease it is probably best to observe the bacterium in the vessels by light or electron microscopy, use a serological method or both. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widespread due to transmission in planting material. Records include: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa (Natal), Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, China, India (Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), Japan, Malaysia (W.), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia (NSW, Qd), Fiji, Hawaii, Spain, Mexico, USA (Florida, LA), Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela (IMI Distribution Map 318, ed. 4, 1982; 63, 2478; 64, 2151; 66, 2051; 69, 5165; ISSCT List 1983). TRANSMISSION: To new areas in vegetative planting material and within the crop by mechanical means such as cutting knives and mechanical harvesters. Rats may also spread the disease.

scholarly journals Eksplorasi dan Uji Virulensi Jamur Patogen Gulma Daun Sempit di Pertanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Dede Yusup Ziaulhak ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Progress Curve

Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai hal untuk meningkatkan produksi gula nasional, termasuk penambahan luas tanam tebu dari 381.800, pada tahun 2010 menjadi 429.200 hektar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jamur patogen penyebab penyakit pada gulma daun sempit di perkebunan tebu, informasi virulensi jamur patogen terhadap gulma daun sempit pada perkebunan tebu, dan informasi virulensi jamur patogen gulma daun sempit terhadap tanaman budidaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan rumah kaca, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto yang dilaksanakan dari Oktober 2019 sampai Agustus 2020. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahap yaitu eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji virulensi jamur patogen gulma. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel gulma bergejala menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Uji virulensi dilakukan pada gulma dan tanaman budidaya, yaitu Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus kyllingia, Cyeperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, dan Sacharum officinarum. Variabel yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit, masa inkubasi, area under diseases progress curve (AUDPC), bobot tanaman basah, dan bobot tanaman kering. Hasil dari eksplorasi diperoleh jamur patogen Curvularia lunata dan Fusarium oxysporum. Perlakuan jamur C. lunata pada gulma C. rotundus menunjukkan intensitas paling besar di antara gulma yang lain, dan perlakuan F. oxysporum dengan intensitas 22,5714% bahkan mampu menimbulkan kematian pada gulma C. rotundus. Sementara perlakuan jamur F. oxysporum menunjukkan intensitas yang lebih besar pada gulma D. ciliaris dengan kisaran 6,116%. Jamur patogen gulma daun sempit virulen terhadap gulma daun sempit dan tidak virulen terhadap tanaman budidaya yang diujikan.

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