Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Aphelenchoides arachidis. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Nigeria.

Fusarium andiyazi. [Distribution map].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium andiyazi Marasas, Rheeder, Lampr., K.A. Zeller and J.F. Leslie. (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, India, Tamil Nadu, Iran, Malaysia, Korea Republic, Syria, Vietnam), Europe (Italy), North America (Mexico, USA, Colorado, Nebraska), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland) and South America (Argentina).

Heterodera sacchari. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merny Nematoda: Tylenchida: Heteroderidae Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Delhi, Pakistan, Thailand, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal.

Alternaria longissima. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Stem Necrosis ◽  
Diverse Plant

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria longissima. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pollen grains, husks and grains of numerous members of the Poaceae, such as Zea mays, Pennisetum typhoides, Saccharum officinarum and Oryza sativa; on seeds of Sesamum and Capsicum, and on diverse plant debris. DISEASE: None is normally caused in the natural environment, however it is reported as causing stem and leaf blight of sunflowers in Thailand (71, 5765), as well as a zonate leaf spot and stem necrosis of Sesamum (61, 5893). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. C. & S. America: Cuba, Venezuela. N. America: Bermuda, USA (GA, NC). Asia: Bhutan, Brunei, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand. Europe: Ukraine. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (QLD, VIC), New Zealand, Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, New Georgia). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia as well as on seeds.

Erwinia chrysanthemi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Aechmea Fasciata

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia chrysanthemi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a number of widely different plants, including Aechmea fasciata, Aglaonema pictum, Ananas comosus, Begonia bertini, Chrysanthemum spp., Colocasia esculenta, Dahlia spp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Dieffenbachia spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima, Musa sp., Parthenium argentatum, Philodendron spp., Saccharum officinarum, Saintpaulia ionantha, Syngonium podophyllum and Zea mays. DISEASE: Symptoms are stunting, yellowing, wilting, necrosis of parenchyma or soft rotting according to host plant, pathotype and environmental conditions. Stunting and wilting usually appear on Begonia, Chrysanthemum, carnation, Dahlia and poinsettia. Rots appear on leaves of Aechmea, Philodendron and Saintpaulia, while various other parts show rotting with other hosts. On sugarcane a leaf mottle is produced. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The species is probably world wide, but the different distributions of the strains or pathotypes (see below) must be distinguished as follows: Dianthus: Europe (CMI Map 425, ed. 1, 1967) to which should be added Italy (46, 3461), USA (47, 2498) and New Zealand (52, 3341); Zea: Egypt, Sudan, Rhodesia, S. Africa, India, USA, France, Italy, possibly Greece; Chrysanthemum: UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, USA, Japan; Dahlia: Netherlands, Romania; Dieffenbachia: Germany, Italy, USA; Saintpaulia: France, Germany, USA; Begonia: Netherlands; Aechmea: Italy; Ananas: Malaysia; Colocasia: Solomon Islands; Musa: Central America and probably most other banana-growing areas; Philodendron, Parthenium, Euphorbia and Aglaonema: all confined to USA; Saccharum: Australia (Qd., NSW). TRANSMISSION: Usually in or on vegetative propagating material. Cuttings and setts from infected plants are frequently infected. Cutting knives may carry inoculum to healthy material. Transmission in soil and planting medium is also possible. Serious outbreaks have occurred after holding a large number of cuttings together in water prior to planting. The sugarcane pathogen is rapidly spread by flood water (48, 2533). Maize stalk rot is carried by water splash. It is often associated with overhead irrigation (48, 1675; 55, 204).

Trichometasphaeria turcica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Northern Leaf Blight ◽  
Setosphaeria Turcica ◽  
Seedling Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Trichometasphaeria turcica[Setosphaeria turcica]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays, Sorghum spp., Euchlaena mexicana and other Gramineae (RAM 41: 40). DISEASE: Northern leaf blight of maize and sorghum forming larger and fewer lesions than Cochlioholus heterostrophus (CMI Descript. 301), mostly on the leaves. They begin as small, dark, water-soaked areas, becoming irregular or elliptical, sometimes linear, brown then straw coloured or greyish, with red-purple or tan borders, often 4 × 10 cm or larger, coalescing and leading to death of leaves. Tassel infection on maize is less conspicuous, ear and crown rots and seedling infection occur (16: 450; 34: 716). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 257, ed. 3, 1968). Additional records not yet mapped are: Australia (NT), Cameroon, Ecuador, Fiji, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan (E.) and Saudi Arabia. TRANSMISSION: Air-dispersed, probably violently discharged conidia and showing a diurnal periodicity with a forenoon max. (45, 795; 46, 114). The fungus occurs in seed and survives in host debris (15: 289; 19: 602).

Peronosclerospora spontanea. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronosclerospora spontanea (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus japonicus), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and teosinte (Zea mexicana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (the Philippines, Thailand).

Cochliobolus heterostrophus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Main Host ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diffuse Lesion

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Generally on leaves of Zea mays, the main host, Euchlaena mexicana, Sorghum vulgare and many species of Gramineae (41: 40; 45, 3084; 48, 414; 50, 2257i). During an epidemic in USA caused by race T in 1970 no important hosts apart from Z. mays were noted (50, 2257b). DISEASE: Southern leaf blight of maize, forming very numerous lesions up to 2.5 cm long, mostly on the leaves. They are at first elliptical, then longitudinally elongate, becoming rectangular as restriction by the veins occurs; cinnamon-buff (sometimes with a purplish tint) with a reddish-brown margin and occasionally zonate, coalescing and becoming greyish with conidia. Symptoms caused by race T show a less well defined, somewhat diffuse lesion, with marginal chlorosis leading to leaf collapse, and all parts of the plant can be attacked. Perithecia have been recently reported in the field at the junction of leaf sheath and blade (50, 2257j). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics (CMI Map 346, ed. 3, 1969) but not reported from Australia. Records not yet mapped are: Brunei, Guatemala, Hawaii, Israel, Laos, Mexico, Salvador and Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air-dispersed but no detailed studies seem to have been reported. During the recent USA outbreak the disease spread from Florida to Maine in c. 6 months (50, 2257c). Spread by seed occurs (50, 3690, 3692; Crosier & Boothroyd, Phytopathology 61: 427, 747).

Diplodia maydis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

Abstract A description is provided for Diplodia maydis[Stenocarpella maydis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays. Also on Arundinaria sp. DISEASES: Stalk rot, white ear rot, and seedling blight of maize. Roots may also become infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania); Asia (India); Australasia (Australia); Europe (U.S.S.R.), North America (Canada, Mexico, United States); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia).

Macrophomina phaseolina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Stem

Abstract A description is provided for Macrophomina phaseolina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; Young (1949) lists 284 hosts. DISEASES: Charcoal rot, ashy stem blight. The most frequent symptoms are a dry or wet, dark rot of the lower stem. In maize and sorghum this usually occurs near maturity; the cortex is destroyed, lodging may take place and numerous sclerotia are found on the vascular fibres (16: 310; 24: 96; 25: 109). Leaf lesions also occur on jute and legumes (4: 349; 23: 107; 26: 139). Stem rot and canker can be severe in potato, cotton and groundnut (15: 148; 24: 202, 228, 503; 34: 541; 47, 378). In conifers and many crops the fungus causes damping-off (13: 344; 17: 115; 21: 275; 26: 139; 35: 42; 38: 550; 40: 193; 45, 2846; 48, 2030). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics. TRANSMISSION: Through plant debris in soil. Seed-borne spread may be important in some crops. Both sclerotia and pycnidia can occur on the seed surface and under the seed coat (18: 82; 27: 71). Sclerotia are probably the main source of infection which also occurs through conidia (26: 139). Sclerotia showed no loss in viability after 8 months and the fungus was recovered from cotton stubble after 24-42 weeks (25: 56; 35: 607).

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