Pseudomonas rubrlineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrlineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Also found infecting Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum (35: 750) and Zea mays (37: 205). Produces symptoms on Sorghum spp. when artificially inoculated. DISEASE: Red stripe disease of sugarcane. Two types of symptom occur: leaf stripe, in which long, narrow, sharply delineated, dark red stripes are observed and top rot, which may occur with or without leaf stripe symptoms. The latter phase of the disease causes much greater economic losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely dispersed throughout the world and reported from many sugarcane areas (CMI Map 39, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is spread by wind and rain, especially in warm humid weather. Cottrell-Dormer showed that liquid exuded from stomata and hydathodes in such weather may contain large numbers of bacteria. Penetration is through stomata or wounds. The disease can be introduced into new areas with infected setts.

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Peronosclerospora spontanea. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronosclerospora spontanea (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus japonicus), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and teosinte (Zea mexicana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (the Philippines, Thailand).

Pyrenophora graminea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
The World ◽  
Pyrenophora Graminea ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Seedling Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenophora graminea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Barley and other Hordeum spp. Also, occasionally, on oats, wheat and rye. DISEASE: Causes leaf stripe of barley. Severe seedling infection can cause stunting and post-emergence death, but symptoms are not usually apparent until later, when long, chlorotic or yellow stripes on leaves and sheaths appear. Most leaves of a diseased plant are usually affected. Dark brown streaks develop later in the stripes, which eventually dry out and cause leaf shedding. Ears may not emerge or be deformed and discoloured. Grain production by infected plants is severely restricted. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread distribution; occurs in most barley-growing areas of the world. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne (49, 1342) usually by mycelium in the pericarp. Perithecia are uncommon, but overwintering sclerotia on crop debris have been reported from Russia (42, 13). Secondary infection by conidia is apparently important only for floral infection and subsequent seed contamination.

Glomerella tucumanensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum, S. harberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, Erianthus giganteus, E. munja, Leptochloa dubia, L. filiformis, Sorghum halepense, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense. Also on Narenga sp. and Zea mays on inoculation. DISEASE: Red rot of sugarcane, characterized by the occurrence within the stem of red areas with white centres or flecks and reddening of vascular strands. Attack also occurs on leaf sheath and midrib where small lesions may become confluent. Lesions on the leaf blades normally remain small. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in almost all sugarcane growing areas. (CMI Map 186) TRANSMISSION: From soil, in infected crop residues; in Louisiana, trash contained perithecia from February to May (42: 486). Ascospores can be dispersed aerially to give rise to secondary infections of the upper nodes; conidia more usually in irrigation water. The fungus may be present in nodes of apparently healthy stock (30: 544) and therefore can be transmitted during propagation.

Aphelenchoides arachidis. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Nigeria.

Xanthomonas albilineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Orian reports various hosts by inoculation including Zea mays, Coix lachryma-jobi, Paspalum spp. etc. (22: 226). DISEASE: Leaf scald. A vascular disease with two distinct phases, acute and chronic (31: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: St. Lucia, Martinique, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Hawaii, Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion, Formosa, Ceylon, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Philippine Islands, Fiji, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). (CMI Map 33). TRANSMISSION: Primarily on infected cuttings, secondary by contaminated knives or other harvesting instruments (see also 31: 144, for spread by rats, and beetles. etc.).

Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum; also produces a limited amount of infection when inoculated into Sorghum halepense and S. vulgare but, unlike P. rubrilincans, it does not affect Zea mays. DISEASE: Mottled stripe of sugarcane. Stripes are paler than those of red stripe disease, speckled and often fewer per leaf. No top rot occurs. Of minor economic importance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apparently less widespread than P. rubrilineans. Reported in Africa (Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Tanzania), Asia (Ceylon), Australasia (Fiji, New South Wales, Queensland), Europe (Italy), North America (U.S.A.), Central America (Barbados, Guadelope, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico), South America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru). (CMI Map 337). TRANSMISSION: Wind and rain are thought to be the most important factors in spread within fields. It is introduced to new areas in diseased setts.

Ustilago scitaminea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Ustilago Scitaminea

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago scitaminea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), S. barberi, S. spontaneum (Kens grass) and (fide McMartin, 24: 290) in S. Africa the wild grasses Imperata arundinacea[Imperata cylindrica] and Erianthus saccharoides. Zea mays (maize) has been experimentally infected by Hirschhorn (44: 686). DISEASE: Sugarcane smut. See Antoine (1961) for a comprehensive account. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, E. and S. Africa, Madagascar), Asia (widespread), S. America, and elsewhere; absent from N. America and Australia; see CMI Map, 79, Ed. 2, 1960. TRANSMISSION: Infection is by air borne spores. The spores germinate easily and under moist conditions soil borne infection is not considered to be a hazard.

Identification of maize mosaic virus by immunoelectron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Maize Mosaic Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Rhabdovirus

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) causes a severe disease of Zea mays in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southern U.S. (1-3). Fig. 1 shows internal cross striations of helical nucleoprotein and bounding membrane with surface projections typical of many plant rhabdovirus particles including MMV (3). Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was investigated as a method for identifying MMV. Antiserum to MMV was supplied by Ramon Lastra (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela).

BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.

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