Rapidly growing diffuse neurofibroma of the scalp with calvarial defect in a young woman: A rare entity

Background: A diffuse neurofibroma, a variant of neurofibroma, most commonly occurs in young adults and involves the head and neck. In the absence of neurofibromatosis, associated calvarial defect with these swellings is rarely seen. Case Description: An 18-year-old woman presented with a history of rapidly progressive painless large swelling over the bilateral parieto-occipital region of scalp. It was soft and boggy with brownish discoloration of overlying skin. Imaging study showed brilliantly enhancing diffuse lesion involving the bilateral parieto-occipital region of scalp and extending into the extradural region. She underwent excision of lesion. Postoperatively, she developed flap necrosis and it was allowed to heal with the secondary intention. The biopsy findings were consistent with neurofibroma. The patient is on regular follow-up, without any evidence of recurrence at 1 year. Conclusion: Rapidly growing solitary diffuse neurofibroma is rare in children and adolescents. Preoperative diagnosis may be difficult and surgical treatment needs to be individualized. These patients need regular follow-up for early detection of recurrence.

The Influence of Diffuse Left Anterior Descending Artery Lesions on Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background: Diffuse coronary lesions adversely influence the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to investigate the influence of diffuse left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions on the outcomes of CABG. Methods: The data of 123 patients, who received elective isolated CABG with the left internal mammary artery bypassed to the LAD from January 2011 to June 2017, were collected. According to their lesions (≥50% diameter stenoses) ≤2cm or >2cm in the middle and distal segment of LAD, the patients were classified into a No Diffuse Lesion (NDL) group (69 patients) and a Diffuse Lesion (DL) group (54 patients). The rates of in-hospital mortality, 5-year all-cause mortality, and major cardiac events (MCEs) (i.e. myocardial infarction, angina, acute heart failure, and atrial fibrillation) were analyzed. Results: According to the univariate analyses, the NDL group had fewer diffuse left circumflex artery (LCX) lesions (P = .001) and higher ventricular fibrillation (Vf) after aortic de-clamping (P = .03) than the DL group. According to the multivariate analyses, the in-hospital and 5-year all-cause mortality rates of the two groups did not significantly differ (P = .80 and P = .59). Otherwise, the DL group had a trend toward more MCEs (hazard ratio = 2.07, P = .061), but the difference clearly was insignificant after adjusting for diffuse LCX lesions and Vf after aortic de-clamping (P = .104). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that diffuse LAD lesions did not influence the risks of in-hospital mortality, 5-year all-cause mortality, or MCEs after CABG.

Angiographic Analysis of Trans-Radial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Cases by the Backup Support of Guide Extension Catheter

Background:The guide extension catheter – Guidezilla (Boston Scientific, United States of America) is a useful adjunctive tool in percutaneous revascularization of complex coronary lesions, and provides an extension to the guide catheter with better coaxial alignment, support and stability.Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the usefulness and easy deliverability of stent by Guidezillain the trans-radial treatment of complex coronary lesions as our initial experience.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute (ICHRI), Dhaka from July 2016 to September 2017. The transradial approach was used in all cases. Clinical, angiographic and procedural data of percutaneous coronary interventions performed using Guidezilla, including indications for use of Guidezilla were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 19 procedures (in 18 patients) were evaluated. 57.89% of cases were related to left circumflex coronary artery or obtuse marginal branch. The commonest challenge for use of Guidezillawas proximal angulation (63.15%) and calcification (47.4%). Commonest type of lesion was ACC/ AHA Type C lesion (63.2%). Successful stent deployment was achieved in 16 of the 19 procedures (84.2%). Among the unsuccessful cases, there was stent damage in one case and distal dissection after deployment of a stent in other. Stent deployment was not possible in two cases, due to diffuse lesion and heavy calcification.Conclusions:Guide extension catheter is a good trans-radial back-up support for calcified, complex and tortuous coronary anatomy, which otherwise may have been considered unsuitable for PCI. The use of such support can reduce the necessity for the more expensive alternative of deploying multiple small stents in order to traverse the lesions.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(1) : 54-60

Abstract 12865: Predictors of “Visual-Functional Mismatch” in Contemporary Practice -The Lesion Characteristics Associating With Mismatch Between Angiographic Stenosis and Fractional Flow Reserve

Background: The benefit of fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease compared with angio-guided PCI has shown recently. However, the argument for mismatch (angiographic diameter stenosis ≧ 50% and FFR > 0.80) or reverse-mismatch (angiographic diameter stenosis < 50%, FFR ≦ 0.80), so called, “visual-functional mismatch”, is remains to be solved in contemporary practice. In the present study, we examined the association of the lesion characteristics and “visual-functional mismatch”. Method and Results: We analyzed 140 consecutive patients (157 lesions) undergoing coronary angiography and FFR examination. The mean age of study population was 68.7 years old, 54.3% of them had diabetes, 87.9% of them had hypertension and 77.1% of them had dyslipidemia. In terms of lesion characteristics, ratio of LAD lesion was 58.6%, tandem or diffuse lesion was 48.4%, mean percentage of diameter stenosis was 68.2% and lesion length was 16.3mm. The study population was divided into 4 groups by angiographic stenosis (cut-off: 50%) and FFR (cut-off: 0.80). There were no differences in patients’ background among 4 groups. Mismatches were observed in 28.7% of lesions, whereas, reverse-mismatches were observed in 10.1% of lesions. Lesion characteristics causing “visual-functional mismatch” are shown in Table 1 and ROC curve s of diameter stenosis for functional significance are shown in Figure 1. Conclusion: Specific lesion characteristics are applicable for predicting “visual-functional mismatch”. Angiographic severity seemed to be more reliable in LAD lesions, tandem/diffuse lesions or proximal lesions. FFR measurement should be considered for angiographic 50% stenosis in LAD to perform appropriate PCI, whereas, FFR measurement should be considered for angiographic 75% stenosis in non-LAD to avoid unnecessary PCI.

Vaginal Adenosis in a 40-year-old Lady: A Case Report and Review of Literature

ABSTRACT Vaginal adenosis, without a history of diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, is a rare condition with an unclear etiology. A 40- year-old female presented with complaints of persistent excessive watery vaginal discharge. On examination, there was red, patchy, diffuse lesion all over the vaginal wall and cervix. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed vaginal adenosis. This case is presented here for its rarity. How to cite this article Hena SNB, Akhter N, Das S, Kutubi A. Vaginal Adenosis in a 40-year-old Lady: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):80-82.