Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Dolichos Biflorus ◽  
Salmon Pink ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Limited Period

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On French, runner and broad beans, Phaseolus aborigineus, P. acutifolius, P. aurecus, P. lunatus var. macrocarpus, P. mungo, P. radiatus, cowpea, Dolichos biflorus, Lablab niger and occasionally on other Leguminosae. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod anthracnose. Lesions on stems and pods more clearly defined than those on leaves, grey or brown, slightly sunken with raised dark brown or reddish edge, frequently bearing conspicuous light salmon pink spore masses. All vegetative parts, except pulvini, are susceptible during early stages of development; invasion of the tap root of a young plant can lead to death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed, present in almost all areas where beans are grown (I.M.I. Map 177, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: Overwinters in seed and on buried infected crop residues. Survives for at least 2 yr on seed (32: 114) and is capable of withstanding temperatures of-15°C to -20°C for a limited period (6: 322). Dispersal within the crop by water, air currents and contact; no extensive growth in soil has been reported.

Glomerella tucumanensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum, S. harberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, Erianthus giganteus, E. munja, Leptochloa dubia, L. filiformis, Sorghum halepense, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense. Also on Narenga sp. and Zea mays on inoculation. DISEASE: Red rot of sugarcane, characterized by the occurrence within the stem of red areas with white centres or flecks and reddening of vascular strands. Attack also occurs on leaf sheath and midrib where small lesions may become confluent. Lesions on the leaf blades normally remain small. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in almost all sugarcane growing areas. (CMI Map 186) TRANSMISSION: From soil, in infected crop residues; in Louisiana, trash contained perithecia from February to May (42: 486). Ascospores can be dispersed aerially to give rise to secondary infections of the upper nodes; conidia more usually in irrigation water. The fungus may be present in nodes of apparently healthy stock (30: 544) and therefore can be transmitted during propagation.

Thanatephorus cucumeris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Thanatephorus cucumeris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Economically important on bean, beet, cabbage, cotton, pine, potato and tomato; infects wheat and turf grasses and is locally or seasonally important on over 250 other plants. It is doubtful whether any crop can be regarded as resistant to all strains. A mycorrhizal association is formed with some orchids. DISEASE: Early infection gives rise to seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off, later infection to stem canker, wire-stem, eyespot and other diseases which result from decay of stem cortex and may be accompanied by stunting, yellowing and leaf roll symptoms. Other diseases are rot of organs in contact with soil, web, leaf and thread blights, fruit rot, root rot and storage rots and blemishes. Sites susceptible to infection are generally more restricted with increasing maturity of the host. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. Probably present in all arable soils and has been isolated from virgin soils. Little is known of distribution of individual strains. TRANSMISSION: Primarily soil-borne. Capable of extensive growth through soil and survives in the form of sclerotia and on crop residues and weed hosts. Inoculum is spread during vegetative propagation (e.g. on potato tubers) and can be seed-borne. Basidiospores are reported to initiate a leaf spot of Hevea (48, 271) but their role in transmission of other diseases has not been studied extensively.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Pestalotiopsis guepinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis guepinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Camellia japonica, C. sinensis, Erica and Rhododendron, with occasion records on unrelated hosts including Hippocratea, Jatropha, Laurus, Pinus and Terminalia. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot, twig dieback, stem canker, petal rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Specimens in Herb. IMI from Ghana, Kenya, Togo, India, Bohemia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK, USA. Reported in literature from Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Azores, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: Conidia from diseased material and trash are dispersed by contact, water splash and local air currents, possibly to a limited extent by soil although extensive growth in soil has not been reported. It may also be seed-borne.

Septoria passerinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Linear Lesions ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Sitanion Hystrix ◽  
Hystrix Patula

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria passerinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Hordeum brachyantherum, Hordeum distichon, Hordeum jubatum, Hordeum secalinum, Hordeum vulgare, Hystrix patula, Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne, L. temulentum, Poa pratensis and Sitanion hystrix. DISEASE: Speckled leaf blotch of barley. Forming linear lesions with indefinite margins on leaves with very small, dark brown pycnidia embedded in tissues developing on straw-coloured blotches and causing defoliation, low yields and formation of light kernels. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Libya); Australasia & Oceania (Australia); Europe (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Rumania, Spain, U.K.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen overwinters as mycelium or as pycnidia in crop residues, producing macrospores and microspores the following summer. High humidity (>93% R.H.) is required for the release of spores which are formed abundantly on infected material after rain. Spores may be spread by insects or splashing raindrops (44, 1528; 46, 106; 40: 530). Dissemination of the pathogen on barley straw residues has also been attributed to the use of combine harvester-threshers in Western Canada (35: 418) and to high winds in Minnesota, U.S.A. (40: 530).

Septoria cannabis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Records ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria cannabis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Cannabis sativa (hemp). DISEASE: White leaf spot or leaf blight of hemp. Symptoms usually appear on basal leaves as round or ellipsoidal to polygonal, whitish or ochraceous yellow lesions with a conspicuous dark brown border. Affected leaves become curled and withered up towards the edges and fall prematurely leaving much of the lower part of the stem defoliated (15, 97, 805). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Europe and North America (CMI Map No. 477, ed. 1, 1971). New records not mapped are: Asia (Kashmir, Pakistan). TRANSMISSION: Detailed studies have not been reported but conidia are presumed to be disseminated by rain-splash and wind blown water. The fungus could also be carried over in crop residues.

Leptosphaeria nodorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Leptosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Abnormal Structure ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria nodorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Triticum spp. Also on many other genera in the Gramineae including Agropyron, Cinna, Dactylis, Deschampsia, Elymus, Festuca, Glyceria, Hordeum, Hystrix, Lepturus, Melica, Poa, Psamma, Secale, Stipa (Sprague, 1950). DISEASE: Glume blotch of wheat. Causes discoloured to brown lesions on glumes, culms and leaves. Leaf lesions are 1 cm long, elongated, elliptical, golden brown, surrounded by a diffuse, lighter margin becoming darker and bearing pycnidia. Similar brown lesions occur on glumes where they spread from the apices downwards, and bear pycnidia and perithecia. Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and culms. The heads of wheat may become blackened, producing shrivelled kernels of abnormal structure. Germinating seedlings may also be attacked with subsequent loss of vigour. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (China, Formosa (Taiwan), India, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay). (CMI Map 283, ed. 2, 1954; Herb IMI.) TRANSMISSION: Frequently seed-borne (Noble et al., 1958; Hewett, 1965), persisting in a viable condition in seed up to 7 yr. in Canada (31: 596). Also surviving in wheat stubble and crop residues and after 1 yr. in straw kept in dry storage (43, 4g, 2589). Conidia have remained viable in pycnidia after 18 months in the open (Weber, 1922).

scholarly journals Influence of Varying Rates of Fertilizers on the Performance of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Seedlings in the Nursery

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu Babadele Famuwagun ◽  
Titilayo O. Oladitan
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Better Than

Effects of application of poultry manure, organo-mineral fertilizer, NPK soil or foliar applied at varying rates on cacao seedlings were studied in the nursery between January-May 2011 and December to April, 2012. Poultry manure at 40, 50 and 60g/plant significantly influenced cacao seedlings height and number of leaves over other treatments. The effect of organo-mineral fertilizer application at 50 and 60g per plant on the number of leaves was also significantly better than NPK soil or foliar applied, starting from 12 weeks after treatment application. The stem girth development under poultry manure at 50 and 60g per plant application had the best performance followed by poultry manure at 40g per plant. There were no significant differences in almost all the treatments at 5 weeks after sowing on seedlings stem girth. NPK has the longest tap root length while poultry manure had the largest average number of lateral roots followed by organo-mineral. The results thereby indicated that the use of poultry manure at 40 to 50g per plant and organo-mineral fertilizer as sources of nutrients had significant effects on cacao seedling quality.

Colletotrichum graminicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
New Hebrides

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum graminicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] and its varieties, S. halepensis, Zea, Triticum, Secale and other cultivated and wild genera distributed amongst at least 8 of the 12 tribes of Gramineae (Wilson 1914; Sprague, 1950). Also recorded on lucerne, red clover, soyabean and sweet clover (41: 368; 35: 300; 30: 598). DISEASES: Red stalk rot of internodal stem tissues, anthracnose and red leaf spot, also seedling blight of sorghum. On maize, cereals and other grasses the leaf spot form is most frequently seen, the spots are elliptical to elongated, usually 1-2 cm but occasionally confluent particularly on the midrib, pale orange to blackish purple, the centres greyish with age. Leaf anthracnose and stalk rots are characterized by the reddish discolouration, but pigmentation varies greatly according to host. Root rot is also recorded. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togoland, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, New Zealand), Europe (Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Rumania); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana). TRANSMISSION: Seasonal persistence is on infected crop residues and weed hosts; sporulation has been observed on sorghum stalks and stubble after overwintering in the field (Le Beau et al., 1951). Also seed transmitted (35: 653).

Lachnellula suecica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Almost All

Abstract A description is provided for Lachnellula suecica, which is generally regarded as a saprobe, with almost all observations of it as fruitbodies erumpent from bark of dead twigs and small branches. However, L. suecica has been associated with damaging cankers on Pinus contorta in Denmark, in some localities resulting in the near destruction of plantations. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, physiological specialization, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, New York, Utah, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming), Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia, Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine) and hosts (Abies spp., Juniperus communis, Larix spp., Picea spp., Pinus spp. and Tsuga spp.).

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