scholarly journals Availability of lysine in meat meal, meat and bone meal and blood meal as determined by the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs, rats and chicks and by chemical techniques

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
R. E. Darnell ◽  
E. J. Major
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Blood Meals

1. The availability of lysine in four meat meals (MMs), four meat and bone meals (MBMs) and two blood meals was determined using the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs, rats and chicks and with two chemical techniques.2. The availability of lysine (proportion of total) in the eight MMs or MBMs ranged from 0.48 to 0.88 for pigs, from 0.49 to 0.88 for rats and from 0.68 to 0.88 for chicks. There was no apparent relation between the availability estimates for pigs, rats and chicks for the individual meals.3. For the two blood meals, availability estimates were 1.03 and 1.13 for pigs, 0.81 and 0.80 for rats and 1.07 and 1.02 for chicks.4. Values for the indirect and direct 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene-‘available’-lysineassays ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 and 0.78 to 0.93 respectively for the eight MMs and MBMs. There appeared to be no relation between these values and the pig estimates.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of pressure and temperature on the availability of lysine in meat and bone meal as determined by slope-ratio assays with growing pigs, rats and chicks and by chemical techniques

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
R.E. Darnell ◽  
L. S. Herbert ◽  
E. J. Major
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Available Lysine

1. The availability of lysine for pigs, rats and chicks was determined using samples of meat and bone meal (MBM) subjected to different pressure and temperature treatments during dry-rendering processing. The relation between slope-ratio estimates and three chemical tests for estimating ‘available’ lysine was assessed.2. The availability of lysine (proportion of total) for pigs was 0.97 in the control. Pressure (275 kPa gauge, 141°, for 30 min) in the early stage of rendering reduced availability to 0.74 and, in the late stage, to 0.46. Maintaining the final temperature at 125° for 4 h had little effect (0.84) whereas a higher temperature of 150° for 4 h reduced availability to 0.38.3. Availability estimates for rats were lower than those of the pig, ranging from 0.88 in the control to 0.21 for the high-temperature treatment (150° for 4 h). The effects for temperature were similar to those for the pig, whereas the effect of pressure was equally detrimental in both the early and late stages (0.45 and 0.43 respectively).4. For chicks, availability estimates were similar to those for the pig for the control (0.93) and the two temperature treatments (0.86 and 0.31 for the 125° and 150° treatments respectively). The chick was less susceptible to the effect of pressure applied to the MBM (0.78 and 0.63 for the early-and late-stage treatments respectively).5. Values for the indirect-and direct-1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene-(FDNB)-‘available’-lysine assays decreased from 0.86 and 0.74 to 0.57 and 0.54 for the control and 150° for 4 h treatments respectively, indicating that approximately half the reduced availability involved reactions with the ε-amino group of lysine. There was little relation between the FDNB values and lysine availability for the treatments involving changes in pressure.6. There was little or no relation between dye-binding capacity of the meals, as assessed by the Acid Orange-12 dye-binding procedure (Hurrell et al. 1979), and lysine availability for the three species.

Nutrition

1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Meat Scrap ◽  
By Products ◽  
Edible Fish

Meat and Bone By-Products, an investigation towards the establishment of Standards. By F. T. Shutt and S. N. Hamilton. Dom. of Canada Dep. of Agriculture. Bulletin 110. 49. Ottawa 1926.This bulletin presents for the first tilne in Canada a detailed review of those highly nitrogenous feeds — the output for the most part of the packing-house. Much confusion exists in respect to the meaning attached to the names under which they are sold. Contents Descriptions and figures of analyses of different samples of meat meal, meat scrap, digester tankage, meat and bone meal, meat and bone scrap, digester meat and bone tankage, bone meal, blood meal, cracklings, edible fish meal.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 5. Effect of rate of feeding on growth promoting ability of meat meal and meat and bone meal and the relationship between pig and rat responses

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Similar Growth

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of rate of feeding on the differences in growth promoting ability of wheat-based diets containing meat meal or meat and bone meal as the sole protein supplement for pigs. The value of laboratory rats in assessing diet quality for pigs was also investigated. There was no difference in the growth promoting abilities of diets containing MM or MBM under restricted feeding but under ad lib. feeding variation between the diets occurred. Rat responses to the dietary treatments were inconsistent with the pig responses. The results confirmed previous findings that under restricted feeding meat meals and meat and bone meals had similar growth promoting abilities for pigs.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 2. The effect of level of meat meal or meat and bone meal in wheat-based diets

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Wheat based diets containing 10, 20, or 30 per cent of meat meal or meat and bone meal were fed at a daily rate of 3.5 per cent of liveweight to Large White pigs in the 40-160 lb liveweight range. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility and nitrogen retention were determined on pigs fed the meat and bone meal diets. Increasing the inclusion level of both meat meal and meat and bone meal from 10 to 20 per cent significantly increased the lean content of the ham and tended to improve daily gain and feed conversion. Including meat and bone meal at 30 per cent of the diet resulted in a significant depression of growth rate and feed conversion efficiency between 40 and 160 lb liveweight. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets containing meat and bone meal decreased as the level of meal increased. Nitrogen retention appeared to be greatest at the 20 per cent level.

Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal, blood meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.D.L. Navarro ◽  
J.K. Mathai ◽  
N.W. Jaworski ◽  
H.H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) by growing pigs was determined in blood meal and six sources of meat and bone meal (MBM). Eighteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 69.3 ± 4.4 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 9 incomplete Latin square design with four periods and nine diets, giving eight replications per diet. One diet included 33% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole source of AA. Seven diets contained 9% blood meal or 9% of one of the six sources of MBM and 22% SBM as the only AA containing ingredients. The last diet was a nitrogen (N) free diet. Results indicated that the SID of all AAs were different (P < 0.05) among the six sources of MBM, but the SID of lysine (Lys) could not be predicted from the ratio between Lys and crude protein. For some, but not all AAs, the average SID in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than in blood meal, but for most AAs the SID in MBM was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. It is concluded that, as is the case for most other co-products, differences in concentration and SID of AAs among sources of MBM exist.

Protein quality studies. 1. A comparison of meat and bone meal and fish meal-skim milk powder as sources of supplementary protein for growing pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Wilson ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Pig performance was compared on wheat based diets supplemented by two levels of either meat and bone meal or fish meal plus skim milk powder. The dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention on these diets were determined and the effect of adding zinc to diets containing meat and bone meal was examined. At the higher level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal, but feed conversion and carcase lean were not affected. At the lower level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced leaner carcases and greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal supplement, but had no effect on feed conversion. Between 60-100 lb, feed conversion was affected by level but not by supplement, and the higher level of fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains than all other diets. The higher levels of each supplement produced greater nitrogen retentions and leaner carcases than the lower levels. Dry matter digestibility was least on the higher level meat and bone meal. Zinc supplements had no effect on performance.

A comparison of Queensland whale meals and fish meal as a protein supplement for grain-fed pigs

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
ACE Todd
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Meal

Queensland whale meat meal and whale meat and bone meal were compared with South African fish meal as a protein supplement to a sorghum meal diet for pigs. Results were assessed & the growth of Large White pigs over a four month period. Whale meat meal was as efficient in promoting growth at a slightly lower cost than the fish meal. Whale meat and bone meal produced lower gains at a higher cost.

A note on the effect of sudden changes in the composition of the diet of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYTwo diets, one based on barley and white-fish meal and the other on oats, wheat and meat and bone meal, with similar concentrations of digestible energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine+cystine were used to investigate the effects of sudden changes in the composition of the diet on the performance of pigs growing from 32 kg live weight, over a period of 77 days.The diets were given separately, alternated weekly with sudden changes from one diet to the other, or as a 1:1 mixture.Changes in diet per se had insignificant effects on performance.

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