Variation in body-weight gains of beef steers following hormone administration,.

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Long Acting

Three-year-old Hereford steers on winter pasture were implanted with 30 mg or 60 mg hexoestrol or two dosage levels of a paste formulation containing long-acting testosterone, progesterone, and oestradiol. In the 11- week experimental period all treated groups made significantly greater gains than controls (average gain, 0.93 Ib. a day), but in addition, variation in response differed between treatments. The importance of this aspect of hormonally-induced growth of cattle is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

scholarly journals PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE SWARDS WITH AND WITHOUT NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Forage mixtures of grasses alone, legumes alone or both were compared for pasture productivity using replicated plots grazed by beef steers for three grazing seasons. Each forage mixture was grown without nitrogen fertilization or with 140 kg/ha per year of nitrogen applied in five equal applications. The highest yields of forage dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN), calculated from animal maintenance requirements and body weight gains, were from the grass-legume sward with nitrogen, 8479 kg/ha dry matter and 2514 kg of TDN/ha. The lowest were from grass without nitrogen, 5029 kg/ha dry matter and 1809 kg TDN/ha. Application of nitrogen had little effect on TDN production from legume swards, but significantly increased that from the grass and grass-legume swards. The average responses to nitrogen for all swards over the three-year experiment were 42, 367 and 431 kg of TDN/ha for the legume, grass-legume, and grass swards, respectively. This was sufficient to double the monetary returns on the grass sward and return one and one-half as much on the grass-legume sward.

INFLUENCE DE LA NATURE DES GAZONS ET DE LA FUMURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITE DES PATURAGES POUR BOUVILLONS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
G. LALANDE ◽  
L. LACHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Heavy Nitrogen

A comparison of herbage dry matter (DM) yields and steer body weight gains from ladino clover, timothy, or grass pastures was carried out. Heavy and moderate fertilizer application rates were used. Stocking rates of 1.85 and 3.70 yearling beef steers per hectare were used on the moderately and heavily fertilized plots, respectively. There was less seasonal variation in DM yield on the heavily fertilized than on the moderately fertilized pastures. However, rate of fertilizer application had little effect on total DM production. Steer body weight gains/ha were substantially greater for the heavily fertilized than for the moderately fertilized pastures. These differences were relatively small if allowance is made for the surplus silage and hay produced. Herbage DM yields and steer gains/ha were greater for nitrogen-fertilized grass pastures than were those for ladino-timothy pastures. The nitrate nitrogen content of herbage did not reach a toxic level despite heavy nitrogen application rates.

VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: WEIGHT GAINS IN THE FTRST DAYS AFTER BIRTH AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH LATER PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
DAVID FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Piglets from 42 litters of Yorkshire sows were weighed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after farrowing in order to explore the highly variable weight gains during the first 2 wk after birth. All litters were adjusted to 10–12 piglets by fostering. Litters differed greatly in average gain per piglet during the first 3 d after farrowing, with litter means ranging from 5 to 227 g d−1 per piglet for the 3-d period. Gains during days 0–3 tended to be somewhat lower if the sow had a high body temperature during these days, but the correlation was not high (r = −0.35; P < 0.05). Compared to litters with high average gains during days 0–3, litters with low gains during this period continued to have lower average gains during days 3–14 (P < 0.05) and had higher within-litter variation in gain (P < 0.01). On a within-litter basis, weight gain during the first days after farrowing was only weakly correlated with the day 14 weight of individual piglets. Low average gain by a litter in the first 3 d after birth is probably due to low initial milk yield by the sow, and likely indicates a poor start to the sow's lactation. Early identification of litters with low initial gains might allow remedial action to reduce the problems of high mortality and low, variable gains later in lactation. Key words: Piglet, body weight, suckling behavior, agalactia, mortality

The effects of lighting program, ingredient particle size and feed form on the performance of broiler turkeys

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. G. Hamilton ◽  
J. Kennie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Two experiments were done to examine the effects of lighting program, ingredient particle size and feed form on the performance of female and male medium White turkey broilers. The poults (1200 initially of each sex) were randomly assigned, within sexes, among 48 floor pens (4.83 × 2.95 m; initially 50 birds each) located in a light-tight house. The treatments were distributed among the pens according to a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement that contained three lighting programs (four cycles daily of 4L:2D [INT]; 6L:18D at 3 d gradually increasing to 22L:2D at 77 d [INC]; and INC with a 1-h light at the mid-point of the dark period [INC + 1]) and four feed forms (fine mash [FM], FM pelleted [FMP]; course mash [CM]; and CM pelleted [CMP]). The FM was produced by grinding the dietary corn and wheat through hammer mills that contained 3.2- and 4.0-mm screens, respectively, and the CM by grinding the corn in a hammer mill (5.6-mm screen) and passing the wheat through a roller mill in which the spacing between the rollers was about 1.6 mm. All poults received 24L:0D for the first 72 h after housing. Feed and water were provided ad libitum over the 84-d experimental period. During the starter period, the pelleted feeds (FMP and CMP) were crumbled.Turkeys subjected to the INT lighting program had higher body weight gains (P < 0.001), feed intakes (P < 0.001 − 0.05) and mortality (P > 0.05) than the birds under the INC and INC + 1 schedules, but the feed conversions were similar (P > 0.05) for the birds under the three lighting programs. Economic returns from the turkeys subjected to the INC program were higher (P < 0.05) than from those under the other two programs. Body weight gains and feed intakes were higher (P < 0.001 − 0.05) for the birds given the mash feed (FM and CM) than for those fed pellets (FMP and CMP), even though feed conversions were better (P < 0.001) for the turkeys receiving the pelleted feeds. Economic returns were highest for the turkeys fed the CM feeds and lowest for those given the FM feeds; the difference was 3.3%. In conclusion, both lighting program and feed form influenced the economics obtained for broiler turkeys, but fineness of grind had little effect. Key words: Particle size, feed form, lighting program, turkeys, performance

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

Ostertagiasis in calves. II. infection parameters and body weight gains following housing

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Jørgensen ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
SV.AA. Henriksen ◽  
KR. Sejrsen ◽  
J. Brolund Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Infection Parameters

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

Effect of luteolin on the gene level expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis – influence of HSP70

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanandan Rajapriya ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Experimental Pancreatitis ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Pyrin Domain

Abstract Objectives Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the well characterized inflammasome that controls the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby the inflammation in pancreas which could be a promising target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study is aimed to explore whether luteolin can target the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate its activity through the signaling protein, HSP70 in the ethanol-cerulein model of experimental pancreatitis. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats received normal diet. Groups 3 and 4 rats received isocalorically adjusted diet containing ethanol for 5 weeks and cerulein (20 μg/kg body weight i.p., thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period). Additionally, group 2 and 4 rats received 2 mg/kg body weight of luteolin orally from third week. Results Luteolin co-administration decreased the serum levels of HSP70, oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase, GSH/GSSG and GST with concomitant downregulation in the mRNA expression of HSP70, caspase-1, ASC-NLRP3 and NF-κB. Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that serum HSP70 has positive correlation with the expression of ASC-NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB and 4-hydroxynonenal and negative correlation with GSH:GSSG ratio. Conclusions The modulating effect of luteolin on the expression of HSP70, NF-κB and thereby on ASC-NLRP3 complex may be claimed for its pancreato-protective activity.

Growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A. J. Atansuyi ◽  
U. C. Ihendu ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-western Nigeria using a total of 300 day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven groups based on their strain. The seven strains are Normal feather (NF), Fulani ecotype (FE), Frizzle feather (FF), naked neck (NN) and Transylvania indigenous strains while Hubbard and Marshal were meat-type exotic chickens. There were forty- five (45) unsexed day-old chicks in each strain except the Frizzle feather that were 30 in number. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the trial that lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the initial and final weights of the birds. It was observed that exotic strains weighed heavier (3569.73gHB) than their indigenous counterparts (1391.11gNF). However, the Fulani ecotype weighed heaviest (1840.99g) among Nigeria indigenous strains during the experimental period. This showed that FE strains are generally heavy breed chicken and could be incorporated into a meat producing indigenous chicken if improved upon. The result of the correlation coefficients showed that a very strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.001) relationship existed between body weights and linear body measurements as most of the values are (>0.40). All the body parameter examined had significant (p<0.01) and direct relationship with the body weight. Shoulder-to-tail length (STL) had the highest coefficient of 0.98.The high correlation estimates obtained in this study could be as a result of pleiotropy, heterozygosity or linkage of genes in the birds. The three functions were highly significant (p<0.05) for all the parameters studied. This shows that the functions well described the parameters. On the basis of coefficient of determination (R ), the body weight of poultry birds at any age can be predicted most accurately with BRG using cubic function.

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