scholarly journals PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE SWARDS WITH AND WITHOUT NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Forage mixtures of grasses alone, legumes alone or both were compared for pasture productivity using replicated plots grazed by beef steers for three grazing seasons. Each forage mixture was grown without nitrogen fertilization or with 140 kg/ha per year of nitrogen applied in five equal applications. The highest yields of forage dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN), calculated from animal maintenance requirements and body weight gains, were from the grass-legume sward with nitrogen, 8479 kg/ha dry matter and 2514 kg of TDN/ha. The lowest were from grass without nitrogen, 5029 kg/ha dry matter and 1809 kg TDN/ha. Application of nitrogen had little effect on TDN production from legume swards, but significantly increased that from the grass and grass-legume swards. The average responses to nitrogen for all swards over the three-year experiment were 42, 367 and 431 kg of TDN/ha for the legume, grass-legume, and grass swards, respectively. This was sufficient to double the monetary returns on the grass sward and return one and one-half as much on the grass-legume sward.

EFFECT OF ACTUAL VERSUS SIMULATED GRAZING ON PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
R. B. CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Clipping Technique ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Forage mixtures consisting of grasses alone, legumes alone or both were compared for pasture productivity using plots grazed by beef steers or clipped to simulate grazing. Each forage mixture was grown without nitrogen fertilization or with 140 kg/ha per year of nitrogen applied in five equal applications. While related parameters of the grazed and clipped plots showed positive and statistically significant correlations, i.e., for dry matter production +0.49, significant at P < 0.05, the coefficients were not sufficiently high for the clipping technique to provide reliable predictions of treatment performance under grazing conditions. Greater yields were produced on the grazed than on the clipped area. The levels of N, K and Mg in the separated fractions (grass, legumes and weeds) are given for each sward and nitrogen treatment for both grazing treatments, while the P and Ca levels are given for the grazed plots. The greatest difference between grazing treatments for mineral composition of the forage was in K content.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

INFLUENCE DE LA NATURE DES GAZONS ET DE LA FUMURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITE DES PATURAGES POUR BOUVILLONS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
G. LALANDE ◽  
L. LACHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Heavy Nitrogen

A comparison of herbage dry matter (DM) yields and steer body weight gains from ladino clover, timothy, or grass pastures was carried out. Heavy and moderate fertilizer application rates were used. Stocking rates of 1.85 and 3.70 yearling beef steers per hectare were used on the moderately and heavily fertilized plots, respectively. There was less seasonal variation in DM yield on the heavily fertilized than on the moderately fertilized pastures. However, rate of fertilizer application had little effect on total DM production. Steer body weight gains/ha were substantially greater for the heavily fertilized than for the moderately fertilized pastures. These differences were relatively small if allowance is made for the surplus silage and hay produced. Herbage DM yields and steer gains/ha were greater for nitrogen-fertilized grass pastures than were those for ladino-timothy pastures. The nitrate nitrogen content of herbage did not reach a toxic level despite heavy nitrogen application rates.

Seasonal variation in intake and digestion of a high-roughage diet by muskoxen

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Adamczewski ◽  
P. F. Flood ◽  
R. K. Chaplin ◽  
J. A. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

We studied changes in body weight, intake, retention time and apparent digestibility of a supplemented brome-alfalfa hay by mature muskoxen held near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during two seasonal cycles. Body weights and voluntary intake were monitored during 16 trials from late March 1990 to December 1991, in four annually breeding females and in three hysterectomized females. Retention time of the hay and apparent digestibility of the diet were estimated in winter and summer 1991 from fecal excretion of chromium (Cr) after a pulse dose of Cr-mordanted hay, and from forage/fecal concentrations of chromic oxide, respectively, in six non-breeding muskoxen. Mean (±SE) body weights of breeding females were greatest in February and March (248 ± 5 kg) and lowest following calving in late May or early June (216 ± 6 kg), while mean weight of hysterectomized females declined little from a peak of 228 ± 21 kg in February-March to a low of 213 ± 21 kg in July. Mean dry matter intake of breeding females was highest in July and August (62 ± 3.6 g d−1 kg−0.75) then declined slowly to its lowest point in March and April (41 ± 0.7 g d−1 kg−0.75). Dry matter intake of hysterectomized cows was less clearly seasonal but averaged 42 ± 1.7 g d−1 kg−0.75 in late winter and 50 ± 4.9 g d−1 kg−0.75 in mid-summer. Mean retention time of hay, calculated using a noncompartmental model, declined significantly from 114 ± 4 h in March to 95 ± 4 h in July. Apparent organic matter digestibility decreased significantly from 73.8 ± 0.8% in winter to 61.7 ± 1.3% in summer. Compared with other ruminants, muskoxen are grazers exceptionally well-suited to digesting graminoid forage, with relatively low maintenance requirements and prolonged retention times. Most of the seasonal changes in weight and intake of breeding females could be ascribed to reproductive cost, but there also appeared to be seasonal effects on intake, retention time and body weight in non-breeding muskoxen. Key words: Digestibility, intake, maintenance requirements, muskoxen, retention time, seasonal variation

Anhydrous ammonia-treated whole-crop barley for beef steers

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Barley Grains

ABSTRACTWhole-crop barley (cv. Midas) was harvested when the grain dry matter (DM) reached 640 g/kg and was treated with either anhydrous ammonia at 40 g/kg DM or propionic acid (30 g/kg DM) and stored in polythene-lined tower silos. Anhydrous ammonia and propionic acid preserved the early harvested barley whole crop but distribution of ammonia through the silos was not uniform. Coefficients of DM and starch losses from whole grains separated from the ammonia- or propionic acid-treated whole crops or from rolled barley grains and suspended in the rumen of steers in nylon bags weqe, after 42 h incubation 0.73,0.85,0.26,0.21 and 0.78,0.96 respectively. Coefficients of digestibility of the ammonia-treated (AWC), of the propionic acid-treated (PWC) whole crops and of a diet of rolled barley and ammonia-treated straw (RB) with the same grain to straw DM proportion as that in the whole crops were 0·62 (AWC), 0·55 (PWC) and 0K57 (RB). Daily live-weight gains (kg/day) of 350 kg Hereford × Friesian steers offered the diets for up to 100 days were 0·33 (AWC), ·0·61 (PWC) and 0·74 (RB) and DM feed intakes (kg/day) were 4·7,3·4 and 7·6 respectively.

Influence of phosphorus content on feed intake and weight gain in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ozanne ◽  
DB Purser ◽  
KMW Howes ◽  
I Southey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In two experiments penned sheep were fed the dry residues from subterranean clover based pastures. Phosphorus levels in the pelleted residues, produced by varying the rate of superphosphate application, ranged from 0.07 to 0.23 per cent. In addition, a high phosphorus ration was produced by the addition of inorganic phosphate salts. This supplement raised the phosphorus concentration from 0.07 to 0.30 per cent of dry matter. In both experiments, increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the dry feed by higher fertilizer rates resulted in: increased dry matter intake; increased percentage of dry matter digested (at least in one experiment) ; more phosphorus retained by the sheep (although on feed containing 0.1 1 per cent phosphorus or less, losses still exceeded gains) ; and increased body weight gains. Increasing the phosphorus content of the feed by use of an inorganic supplement gave: a smaller increase in dry matter intake; decreased digestibility; positive phosphorus balances; and an increase in body weight gain of about half that given by unsupplemented feed high in phosphorus. The results indicate that for maximum animal production, phosphorus concentrations needed in the dry feed are higher than those produced by fertilizing legume-based pastures at the lowest rate that gives maximum dry matter production. Near linear responses in body weight gains were obtained up to phosphate fertilizer rates of about three times those needed for maximum pasture yield.

Feeding standards for lactating riverine buffaloes in tropical conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHYAM S. PAUL ◽  
ASIT B. MANDAL ◽  
NITYA N. PATHAK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Better Than

Data from 33 feeding trials, conducted on lactating riverine buffaloes from different institutes across India, were subjected to multiple regression analysis to derive nutritional requirements for dry matter (DM), total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) for maintenance, milk production and body weight gain. Maintenance requirements for DM, TDN, CP and DCP were 59.9, 35.3, 5.43 and 3.14 g/kgW0.75, respectively; corresponding requirements for producing 1 kg 6% FCM were 688, 406, 90.3 and 55.2 g and for 1 g gain in body weight were 3.37, 1.97, 0.327 and 0.23 g. Regression equations had high R2 values (0.61, 0.66, 0.84 and 0.68 for prediction of DM, TDN, CP and DCP, respectively) and the equations (F-value) as well as coefficients were highly significant (P<0.001). Regressed values were used to derive feeding standards. Derived values matched well with the actual intake versus performance of animals under diverse feeding conditions. New standards predicted requirements and intake of nutrients for different production levels better than existing feeding standards. Because they are based on a more thorough analysis of data, the new feeding standards will be appropriate for use widely in India.

Variation in body-weight gains of beef steers following hormone administration,.

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Long Acting

Three-year-old Hereford steers on winter pasture were implanted with 30 mg or 60 mg hexoestrol or two dosage levels of a paste formulation containing long-acting testosterone, progesterone, and oestradiol. In the 11- week experimental period all treated groups made significantly greater gains than controls (average gain, 0.93 Ib. a day), but in addition, variation in response differed between treatments. The importance of this aspect of hormonally-induced growth of cattle is discussed.

scholarly journals 335 Metabolizable protein requirement of lightweight beef calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Miles D Redden ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract The objective was to assess the metabolizable protein (MP) requirements of lightweight beef steers. The 2016 Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model (BCNRM) prediction of MP requirements in lightweight beef steers (less than 250 kg) is limited by available performance data in beef calves. Fall born Angus × Simmental crossbred steers (n = 172; BW = 153 kg) were weaned at 70 d of age (± 26 d), backgrounded 73 d, implanted with Component TE-IS, blocked by BW as light (96–163 kg) or heavy (163–215 kg), and assigned to one of four treatments for 56 d. Treatment diets provided MP at: 0.59 (MP1), 0.69 (MP2), 0.85 (MP3), and 0.91 kg per d (MP4) based on observed DMI. Energy was similar across all treatments at 2.14 Mcal/kg ME. Shrunk body weights were collected on d 0 and 56 to estimate performance. Dry matter intake was affected (P < 0.01) by treatment and increased (linear; P < 0.01) with greater provision of MP. As a percent of shrunk body weight, DMI averaged 2.8% and tended (linear; P = 0.07) to increase with MP. Based on observed DMI, ADG for MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 was predicted using the BCNRM at 1.15, 1.55, 1.99, and 1.98 kg, respectively. Observed ADG increased quadratically (P = 0.01) with MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 gaining 1.86, 2.13, 2.3, and 2.3 kg, respectively. Final BW increased (quadratic; P = 0.02) with greater MP as MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 were 258, 273, 282, and 284 kg, respectively. Gain:feed increased quadratically (P = 0.04) with observed values for MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 being 0.323, 0.357, 0.359, and 0.360, respectively. Steer ADG response exceeded BCNRM predictions by 29%. Data suggest MP requirements of lightweight beef steers (BW = 213 kg) are 0.85 kg per d to achieve 2.3 kg ADG when fed a 2.14 Mcal/kg ME diet.

163 Relative Bioavailability of Bis-glycinate Bound Copper in Beef Steers Fed a High Antagonist Growing Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Allison VanDerWal ◽  
Katherine VanValin ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract To assess relative bioavailability of an organic Cu source, 90 Angus-cross steers (265 ± 21 kg) were blocked by body weight to pens with GrowSafe bunks and randomly assigned to dietary Cu treatments (14–18 steers/treatment): 0 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM; CON), 5 or 10 mg Cu/kg DM as Cu sulfate (CS5; CS10) or chelated bis-glycinate Cu (GLY5; GLY10). Steers were fed a common high antagonist growing diet (0.48% S; 5.3 mg Mo/kg DM; 4.9 mg Cu/kg DM). Blood was collected from all steers on d 0, 28, 56, 84 and 124. Liver samples were collected at trial beginning (d -3/-2) and end (d 125/126). Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; fixed effect = treatment; random effect = block). Plasma Cu was analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were regressed against Cu intake using ProcGLM to calculate relative bioavailability of GLY. Initial liver Cu did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.63), but final liver Cu was lesser in CON versus steers supplemented 5 or 10 mg Cu/kg DM from either source (P ≤ 0.09). Final liver Cu was greater for CS versus GLY (P &lt; 0.01). Plasma Cu for all treatments decreased through d 28; final plasma Cu was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM (treatment × day P &lt; 0.01). Relative bioavailability of GLY was 82% compared to CS (P &lt; 0.01) based on liver Cu but did not differ based on plasma Cu (P = 0.60). High concentrations of dietary antagonists and lower solubility of GLY (68.9% relative to CS) in rumen-like conditions (pH 5.2) may have resulted in free thiomolybdate absorption across the rumen wall and subsequent depletion of liver Cu stores in GLY supplemented steers.

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